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Kuznetsova VS, Vasilyev AV, Bukharova TB, Nedorubova IA, Goldshtein DV, Popov VK, Kulakov AA. Application of BMP-2 and its gene delivery vehicles in dentistry. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:855-862. [PMID: 38883899 PMCID: PMC11178965 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The restoration of bone defects resulting from tooth loss, periodontal disease, severe trauma, tumour resection and congenital malformations is a crucial task in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Growth factor- and gene-activated bone graft substitutes can be used instead of traditional materials to solve these problems. New materials will overcome the low efficacy and difficulties associated with the use of traditional bone substitutes in complex situations. One of the most well-studied active components for bone graft substitutes is bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which has strong osteoinductive properties. The aim of this review was to examine the use of BMP-2 protein and gene therapy for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial region and to discuss its future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Sergeevna Kuznetsova
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Vyacheslavovich Vasilyev
- Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Moscow, Russia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Karpovich Popov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Biniazan F, Stoian A, Haykal S. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Angiogenetic Potential and Utility in Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2356. [PMID: 38397032 PMCID: PMC10889096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a large and important energy storage organ as well as an endocrine organ with a critical role in many processes. Additionally, AT is an enormous and easily accessible source of multipotent cell types used in our day for all types of tissue regeneration. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into other types of cells, such as endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, is used in tissue engineering in order to promote/stimulate the process of angiogenesis. Being a key for future successful clinical applications, functional vascular networks in engineered tissue are targeted by numerous in vivo and ex vivo studies. The article reviews the angiogenic potential of ADSCs and explores their capacity in the field of tissue engineering (TE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felor Biniazan
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Stoian
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada; (F.B.); (A.S.)
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street Suite 8N-869, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
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3
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Bell JA, Collon K, Mayfield C, Gallo MC, Chang SW, Sugiyama O, Tang AH, Hollis R, Chopra S, Kohn DB, Lieberman JR. Biodistribution of lentiviral transduced adipose-derived stem cells for "ex-vivo" regional gene therapy for bone repair. Gene Ther 2023; 30:826-834. [PMID: 37568039 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ex-vivo gene therapy has been shown to be an effective method for treating bone defects in pre-clinical models. As gene therapy is explored as a potential treatment option in humans, an assessment of the safety profile becomes an important next step. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biodistribution of viral particles at the defect site and various internal organs in a rat femoral defect model after implantation of human ASCs transduced with lentivirus (LV) with two-step transcriptional activation (TSTA) of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (LV-TSTA-BMP-2). Animals were sacrificed at 4-, 14-, 56-, and 84-days post implantation. The defects were treated with either a standard dose (SD) of 5 million cells or a high dose (HD) of 15 million cells to simulate a supratherapeutic dose. Treatment groups included (1) SD LV-TSTA-BMP-2 (2) HD LV-TSTA-BMP-2, (3) SD LV-TSTA-GFP (4) HD LV-TSTA-GFP and (5) SD nontransduced cells. The viral load at the defect site and ten organs was assessed at each timepoint. Histology of all organs, ipsilateral tibia, and femur were evaluated at each timepoint. There were nearly undetectable levels of LV-TSTA-BMP-2 transduced cells at the defect site at 84-days and no pathologic changes in any organ at all timepoints. In conclusion, human ASCs transduced with a lentiviral vector were both safe and effective in treating critical size bone defects in a pre-clinical model. These results suggest that regional gene therapy using lentiviral vector to treat bone defects has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Kevin Collon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Cory Mayfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew C Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Stephanie W Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Roger Hollis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Donald B Kohn
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Ave, HMR 702, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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4
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Stem Cell Banking of Adipose Tissue. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-022-00222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bougioukli S, Chateau M, Morales H, Vakhshori V, Sugiyama O, Oakes D, Longjohn D, Cannon P, Lieberman JR. Limited potential of AAV-mediated gene therapy in transducing human mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair applications. Gene Ther 2021; 28:729-739. [PMID: 32807899 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-020-0182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) are unique in their ability to transduce a variety of both dividing and nondividing cells, with significantly lower risk of random genomic integration and with no known pathogenicity in humans, but their role in ex vivo regional gene therapy for bone repair has not been definitively established. The goal of this study was to test the ability of AAV vectors carrying the cDNA for BMP-2 to transduce human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), produce BMP-2, and induce osteogenesis in vitro as compared with lentiviral gene therapy with a two-step transcriptional amplification system lentiviral vector (LV-TSTA). To this end, we created two AAV vectors (serotypes 2 and 6) expressing the target transgene; eGFP or BMP-2. Transduction of human MSCs isolated from bone marrow (BMSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs) with AAV2-eGFP and AAV6-eGFP led to low transduction efficiency (BMSCs: 3.57% and 8.82%, respectively, ASCs: 6.17 and 20.2%, respectively) and mean fluorescence intensity as seen with FACS analysis 7 days following transduction, even at MOIs as high as 106. In contrast, strong eGFP expression was detectable in all of the cell types post transduction with LV-TSTA-eGFP. Transduction with BMP-2 producing vectors led to minimal BMP-2 production in AAV-transduced cells 2 and 7 days following transduction. In addition, transduction of ASCs and BMSCs with AAV2-BMP-2 and AAV6-BMP-2 did not enhance their osteogenic potential as seen with an alizarin red assay. In contrast, the LV-TSTA-BMP-2-transduced cells were characterized by an abundant BMP-2 production and induction of the osteogenic phenotype in vitro (p < 0.001 vs. AAV2 and 6). Our results demonstrate that the AAV2 and AAV6 vectors cannot induce a significant transgene expression in human BMSCs and ASCs, even at MOIs as high as 106. The LV-TSTA vector is significantly superior in transducing human MSCs; thus this vector would be preferable when developing an ex vivo regional gene therapy strategy for clinical use in orthopedic surgery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Morgan Chateau
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heidy Morales
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Oakes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald Longjohn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula Cannon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rahmani-Moghadam E, Zarrin V, Mahmoodzadeh A, Owrang M, Talaei-Khozani T. Comparison of the Characteristics of Breast Milk-derived Stem Cells with the Stem Cells Derived from the Other Sources: A Comparative Review. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:71-90. [PMID: 34161214 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210622125309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk (BrM) not only supplies nutrition, but it also contains a diverse population of cells. It has been estimated that up to 6% of the cells in human milk possess the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Available data also indicate that these cells are multipotent and capable of self-renewal and differentiation with other cells. In this review, we have compared different characteristics, such as CD markers, differentiation capacity, and morphology of stem cells, derived from human breast milk (hBr-MSC) with human bone marrow (hBMSC), Wharton's jelly (WJMSC), and human adipose tissue (hADMSC). Through the literature review, it was revealed that human breast milk-derived stem cells specifically express a group of cell surface markers, including CD14, CD31, CD45, and CD86. Importantly, a group of markers, CD13, CD29, CD44, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166, were identified, which were common in the four sources of stem cells. WJMSC, hBMSC, hADMSC, and hBr-MSC are potently able to differentiate into the mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm cell lineages. The ability of hBr-MSCs todifferentiate into the neural stem cells, neurons, adipocyte, hepatocyte, chondrocyte, osteocyte, and cardiomyocytes has made these cells a promising source of stem cells in regenerative medicine, while isolation of stem cells from the commonly used sources, such as bone marrow, requires invasive procedures. Although autologous breast milk-derived stem cells are an accessible source for women who are in the lactation period, breast milk can be considered as a source of stem cells with high differentiation potential without any ethical concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani-Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Zarrin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzieh Owrang
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
- Department of Anatomical sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Vakhshori V, Bougioukli S, Sugiyama O, Kang HP, Tang AH, Park SH, Lieberman JR. Ex vivo regional gene therapy with human adipose-derived stem cells for bone repair. Bone 2020; 138:115524. [PMID: 32622870 PMCID: PMC7423694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of complex bone loss scenarios remains challenging. This study evaluates the efficacy of ex vivo regional gene therapy using transduced human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) overexpressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to treat critical-sized bone defects. METHODS Critical-sized femoral defects created surgically in immunocompromised rats were treated with ASCs transduced with a lentivirus encoding BMP-2 (Group 1, n = 14), or green fluorescent protein (Group 2, n = 5), nontransduced ASCs (Group 3, n = 5), or rhBMP-2 (Group 4, n = 14). At 12 weeks, femurs were evaluated for quantity and quality of bone formation with plain radiographs, micro-computed tomography, histology/histomorphometry, and biomechanical strength testing. RESULTS Thirteen of 14 samples in Group 1 and all 14 samples in Group 4 showed radiographic healing, while no samples in either Groups 2 or 3 healed. Groups 1 and 4 had significantly higher radiographic scores (p < 0.001), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (p < 0.001), and bone area fraction (BA/TA) than Groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Radiographic scores, BV/TV, and BA/TA were not significantly different between Groups 1 and 4. No difference with regards to mean torque, rotation at failure, torsional stiffness, and energy to failure was seen between Groups 1 and 4. CONCLUSIONS Human ASCs modified to overexpress BMP-2 resulted in abundant bone formation, with the quality of bone comparable to that of rhBMP-2. This strategy represents a promising approach in the treatment of large bone defects in the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Large bone defects may require sustained protein production to induce an appropriate osteoinductive response. Ex vivo regional gene therapy using a lentiviral vector has the potential to be part of a comprehensive tissue engineering strategy for treating osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
| | - Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Hyunwoo P Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Amy H Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Orthopaedic Institute for Children, J. Vernon Luck Sr. Orthopaedic Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 403 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States of America
| | - Jay R Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, Suite 2000, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States of America.
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BMP-2 Gene Delivery-Based Bone Regeneration in Dentistry. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080393. [PMID: 31387267 PMCID: PMC6723260 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a potent growth factor affecting bone formation. While recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) has been commercially available in cases of non-union fracture and spinal fusion in orthopaedics, it has also been applied to improve bone regeneration in challenging cases requiring dental implant treatment. However, complications related to an initially high dosage for maintaining an effective physiological concentration at the defect site have been reported, although an effective and safe rhBMP-2 dosage for bone regeneration has not yet been determined. In contrast to protein delivery, BMP-2 gene transfer into the defect site induces BMP-2 synthesis in vivo and leads to secretion for weeks to months, depending on the vector, at a concentration of nanograms per milliliter. BMP-2 gene delivery is advantageous for bone wound healing process in terms of dosage and duration. However, safety concerns related to viral vectors are one of the hurdles that need to be overcome for gene delivery to be used in clinical practice. Recently, commercially available gene therapy has been introduced in orthopedics, and clinical trials in dentistry have been ongoing. This review examines the application of BMP-2 gene therapy for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial regions and discusses future perspectives of BMP-2 gene therapy in dentistry.
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Obara K, Tohgi N, Mii S, Hamada Y, Arakawa N, Aki R, Singh SR, Hoffman RM, Amoh Y. Hair-follicle-associated pluripotent stem cells derived from cryopreserved intact human hair follicles sustain multilineage differentiation potential. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9326. [PMID: 31249324 PMCID: PMC6597789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulge area of the hair follicle contains hair-follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells. Here, we present effective cryopreservation procedures of the human hair follicle that preserve the differentiation potential of HAP stem cells. Whole hair follicles isolated from human scalp were cryopreserved by a slow-rate cooling medium and stored in liquid nitrogen. A careful thawing method was used to collect the upper parts of the human hair follicles which were cultured for four weeks in a Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Proliferating hair follicle cells were then shifted to DMEM/Ham’s Nutrient Mixture F-12 medium without FBS and allowed to grow for one week. These proliferating cells were able to produce HAP stem cell colonies with multilineage differentiation capacity. They produced keratinocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, neurons and glial cells. Interestingly, these cryopreserved hair follicles produced pluripotent HAP stem cell colonies similar to fresh follicles. These findings suggest that the cryopreserved whole human hair follicle preserves the ability to produce HAP stem cells, which will enable any individual to preserve a bank of these stem cells for personalized regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koya Obara
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Natsuko Tohgi
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Mii
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Nobuko Arakawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Aki
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
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Bougioukli S, Vakhshori V, Ortega B, Sugiyama O, Lieberman J. Regulated ex vivo regional gene therapy for bone repair using an inducible caspase-9 suicide gene system. Gene Ther 2019; 26:230-239. [PMID: 30962534 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-019-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to adapt ex vivo regional gene therapy for clinical applications in orthopaedic surgery, safety issues must be considered. In this study we developed a suicide approach using a dual gene expression two step transcriptional amplification lentiviral vector (LV-TSTA) encoding BMP-2 and an inducible caspase 9 (iC9) system that selectively induces apoptosis upon activation with a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID). Transduction of rat bone marrow stromal cells (RBMSCs) with LV-TSTA-iC9/BMP-2 led to abundant BMP-2 production (90.3 ± 7.9 ng/24 h/106 cells) in vitro and stimulated bone formation in a mouse muscle pouch in the absence of CID. Moreover it was shown that CID could be used to selectively induce apoptosis in iC9-transduced cells both in vitro and in vivo. Double exposure to serial dilutions of CID decreased in vitro production of BMP-2 by 85-87% and Luc activity by 97-99% in iC9/BMP-2 or iC9/Luc-transduced cells respectively. Early administration of CID (Days 0-1 post-op) in mice implanted with iC9/BMP-2-transduced RBMSCs was effective in blocking bone formation, indicating that CID was toxic to the transduced cells. In iC9/Luc-implanted mice, late administration of two doses of CID (Days 27-28 post-op) significantly reduced the luciferase signal. The current study provides proof of concept for the potential clinical application of regulated gene therapy to promote bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Bougioukli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Venus Vakhshori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Ortega
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Osamu Sugiyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay Lieberman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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