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PCR-Based Analytical Methods for Quantification and Quality Control of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Preparations. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010023. [PMID: 35056080 PMCID: PMC8779925 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) represent a gene therapy tool of ever-increasing importance. Their utilization as a delivery vehicle for gene replacement, silencing and editing, among other purposes, demonstrate considerable versatility. Emerging vector utilization in various experimental, preclinical and clinical applications establishes the necessity of producing and characterizing a wide variety of rAAV preparations. Critically important characteristics concerning quality control are rAAV titer quantification and the detection of impurities. Differences in rAAV constructs necessitate the development of highly standardized quantification assays to make direct comparisons of different preparations in terms of assembly or purification efficiency, as well as experimental or therapeutic dosages. The development of universal methods for impurities quantification is rather complicated, since variable production platforms are utilized for rAAV assembly. However, general agreements also should be achieved to address this issue. The majority of methods for rAAV quantification and quality control are based on PCR techniques. Despite the progress made, increasing evidence concerning high variability in titration assays indicates poor standardization of the methods undertaken to date. This review summarizes successes in the field of rAAV quality control and emphasizes ongoing challenges in PCR applications for rAAV characterization. General considerations regarding possible solutions are also provided.
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Ricobaraza A, Gonzalez-Aparicio M, Mora-Jimenez L, Lumbreras S, Hernandez-Alcoceba R. High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors: Expanding the Scope of Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3643. [PMID: 32455640 PMCID: PMC7279171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptation of adenoviruses as gene delivery tools has resulted in the development of high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs), also known, helper-dependent or "gutless". Compared with earlier generations (E1/E3-deleted vectors), HC-AdVs retain relevant features such as genetic stability, remarkable efficacy of in vivo transduction, and production at high titers. More importantly, the lack of viral coding sequences in the genomes of HC-AdVs extends the cloning capacity up to 37 Kb, and allows long-term episomal persistence of transgenes in non-dividing cells. These properties open a wide repertoire of therapeutic opportunities in the fields of gene supplementation and gene correction, which have been explored at the preclinical level over the past two decades. During this time, production methods have been optimized to obtain the yield, purity, and reliability required for clinical implementation. Better understanding of inflammatory responses and the implementation of methods to control them have increased the safety of these vectors. We will review the most significant achievements that are turning an interesting research tool into a sound vector platform, which could contribute to overcome current limitations in the gene therapy field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ruben Hernandez-Alcoceba
- Gene Therapy Program. University of Navarra-CIMA. Navarra Institute of Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.); (M.G.-A.); (L.M.-J.); (S.L.)
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Lübbert M, Goral RO, Keine C, Thomas C, Guerrero-Given D, Putzke T, Satterfield R, Kamasawa N, Young SM. Ca V2.1 α 1 Subunit Expression Regulates Presynaptic Ca V2.1 Abundance and Synaptic Strength at a Central Synapse. Neuron 2018; 101:260-273.e6. [PMID: 30545599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The abundance of presynaptic CaV2 voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (CaV2) at mammalian active zones (AZs) regulates the efficacy of synaptic transmission. It is proposed that presynaptic CaV2 levels are saturated in AZs due to a finite number of slots that set CaV2 subtype abundance and that CaV2.1 cannot compete for CaV2.2 slots. However, at most AZs, CaV2.1 levels are highest and CaV2.2 levels are developmentally reduced. To investigate CaV2.1 saturation states and preference in AZs, we overexpressed the CaV2.1 and CaV2.2 α1 subunits at the calyx of Held at immature and mature developmental stages. We found that AZs prefer CaV2.1 to CaV2.2. Remarkably, CaV2.1 α1 subunit overexpression drove increased CaV2.1 currents and channel numbers and increased synaptic strength at both developmental stages examined. Therefore, we propose that CaV2.1 levels in the AZ are not saturated and that synaptic strength can be modulated by increasing CaV2.1 levels to regulate neuronal circuit output. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lübbert
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - R Oliver Goral
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christian Keine
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Connon Thomas
- Max Planck Florida Electron Microscopy Core, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Debbie Guerrero-Given
- Max Planck Florida Electron Microscopy Core, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Travis Putzke
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Rachel Satterfield
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Max Planck Florida Electron Microscopy Core, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Samuel M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Aging Mind Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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4
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VanderVeen N, Raja N, Yi E, Appelman H, Ng P, Palmer D, Zamler D, Dzaman M, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Allometrically Scaled Doses of Doxycycline Used to Turn "On" Therapeutic Transgene Expression from High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors in a Glioma Model. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2016; 27:98-111. [PMID: 27056322 PMCID: PMC4926229 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2015.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most commonly occurring primary brain cancer in adults, in whom its highly infiltrative cells prevent total surgical resection, often leading to tumor recurrence and patient death. Our group has discovered a gene therapy approach for GBM that utilizes high-capacity "gutless" adenoviral vectors encoding regulatable therapeutic transgenes. The herpes simplex type 1-thymidine kinase (TK) actively kills dividing tumor cells in the brain when in the presence of the prodrug, ganciclovir (GCV), whereas the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is an immune-stimulatory molecule under tight regulation by a tetracycline-inducible "Tet-On" activation system that induces anti-GBM immunity. As a prelude to a phase I clinical trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved doses of the tetracycline doxycycline (DOX) allometrically scaled for rats. DOX initiates the expression of Flt3L, which has been shown to recruit dendritic cells to the brain tumor microenvironment-an integral first step in the development of antitumor immunity. The data revealed a highly safe profile surrounding these human-equivalent doses of DOX under an identical therapeutic window as proposed in the clinical trial. This was confirmed through a neuropathological analysis, liver and kidney histopathology, detection of neutralizing antibodies, and systemic toxicities in the blood. Interestingly, we observed a significant survival advantage in rats with GBM receiving the 300 mg/day equivalent dosage of DOX versus the 200 mg/day equivalent. Additionally, rats rejected "recurrent" brain tumor threats implanted 90 days after their primary brain tumors. We also show that DOX detection within the plasma can be an indicator of optimal dosing of DOX to attain therapeutic levels. This work has significant clinical relevance for an ongoing phase I clinical trial in humans with primary GBM and for other therapeutic approaches using Tet-On transactivation system in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan VanderVeen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicholas Raja
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Henry Appelman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Donna Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marta Dzaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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5
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Abstract
Neuroscience research has been revolutionized by the use of recombinant viral vector technology from the basic, preclinical and clinical levels. Currently, multiple recombinant viral vector types are employed with each having its strengths and weaknesses depending on the proposed application. Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HdAd) are emerging as ideal viral vectors that solve a major need in the neuroscience field: (1) expression of transgenes that are too large to be packaged by other viral vectors and (2) rapid onset of transgene expression in the absence of cytotoxicity. Here, we describe the methods for large-scale production of HdAd viral vectors for in vivo use with neurospecific transgene expression.
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Boehme P, Stellberger T, Solanki M, Zhang W, Schulz E, Bergmann T, Liu J, Doerner J, Baiker AE, Ehrhardt A. Standard free droplet digital polymerase chain reaction as a new tool for the quality control of high-capacity adenoviral vectors in small-scale preparations. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 26:25-34. [PMID: 25640117 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2014.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-capacity adenoviral vectors (HCAdVs) are promising tools for gene therapy as well as for genetic engineering. However, one limitation of the HCAdV vector system is the complex, time-consuming, and labor-intensive production process and the following quality control procedure. Since HCAdVs are deleted for all viral coding sequences, a helper virus (HV) is needed in the production process to provide the sequences for all viral proteins in trans. For the purification procedure of HCAdV, cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation is usually performed followed by buffer exchange using dialysis or comparable methods. However, performing these steps is technically difficult, potentially error-prone, and not scalable. Here, we establish a new protocol for small-scale production of HCAdV based on commercially available adenovirus purification systems and a standard method for the quality control of final HCAdV preparations. For titration of final vector preparations, we established a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) that uses a standard free-end-point PCR in small droplets of defined volume. By using different probes, this method is capable of detecting and quantifying HCAdV and HV in one reaction independent of reference material, rendering this method attractive for accurately comparing viral titers between different laboratories. In summary, we demonstrate that it is possible to produce HCAdV in a small scale of sufficient quality and quantity to perform experiments in cell culture, and we established a reliable protocol for vector titration based on ddPCR. Our method significantly reduces time and required equipment to perform HCAdV production. In the future the ddPCR technology could be advantageous for titration of other viral vectors commonly used in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Boehme
- 1 Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke , Witten 58453, Germany
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7
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Kumar R, Basagoudanavar SH, Sreenivasa BP. Detection of replication competent adenovirus upon serial passaging of recombinant adenovirus expressing FMDV capsid proteins. Biologicals 2015; 43:209-12. [PMID: 25748638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication deficient human adenovirus type 5 (hAd5) is an important gene delivery vehicle and has been used in various fields of biomedical sciences such as gene therapy, cancer therapy and vaccination. Inspite of its various useful features, emergence of replication competent adenovirus (RCA) in recombinant virus stocks is a great concern. In the present study, recombinant adenovirus expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype-O capsid proteins was propagated in HEK-293 cells and purified by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation. The virus was serially passaged in HEK-293 cells and at passage level (P) 2-4, 6, 8 and 12, tested for the presence of RCA. A vector dose of 2 × 10(8) and 1 × 10(10) TCID50 of the virus was used in cell line bioassay and PCR, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the PCR is more sensitive and rapid technique for the detection of RCA in recombinant adenovirus stocks as early as at P3, whereas the bioassay detected the RCA at P8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal Campus, Bangalore 560 024, India
| | | | - B P Sreenivasa
- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Hebbal Campus, Bangalore 560 024, India.
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8
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Zhang W, Muck-Hausl M, Wang J, Sun C, Gebbing M, Miskey C, Ivics Z, Izsvak Z, Ehrhardt A. Integration profile and safety of an adenovirus hybrid-vector utilizing hyperactive sleeping beauty transposase for somatic integration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75344. [PMID: 24124483 PMCID: PMC3790794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed adenovirus/transposase hybrid-vectors utilizing the previously described hyperactive Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposase HSB5 for somatic integration and we could show stabilized transgene expression in mice and a canine model for hemophilia B. However, the safety profile of these hybrid-vectors with respect to vector dose and genotoxicity remains to be investigated. Herein, we evaluated this hybrid-vector system in C57Bl/6 mice with escalating vector dose settings. We found that in all mice which received the hyperactive SB transposase, transgene expression levels were stabilized in a dose-dependent manner and that the highest vector dose was accompanied by fatalities in mice. To analyze potential genotoxic side-effects due to somatic integration into host chromosomes, we performed a genome-wide integration site analysis using linker-mediated PCR (LM-PCR) and linear amplification-mediated PCR (LAM-PCR). Analysis of genomic DNA samples obtained from HSB5 treated female and male mice revealed a total of 1327 unique transposition events. Overall the chromosomal distribution pattern was close-to-random and we observed a random integration profile with respect to integration into gene and non-gene areas. Notably, when using the LM-PCR protocol, 27 extra-chromosomal integration events were identified, most likely caused by transposon excision and subsequent transposition into the delivered adenoviral vector genome. In total, this study provides a careful evaluation of the safety profile of adenovirus/Sleeping Beauty transposase hybrid-vectors. The obtained information will be useful when designing future preclinical studies utilizing hybrid-vectors in small and large animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zhang
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Martin Muck-Hausl
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jichang Wang
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanbo Sun
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Csaba Miskey
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
| | - Zoltan Ivics
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Division of Medical Biotechnology, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Department of Virology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Puntel M, A K M GM, Farrokhi C, Vanderveen N, Paran C, Appelhans A, Kroeger KM, Salem A, Lacayo L, Pechnick RN, Kelson KR, Kaur S, Kennedy S, Palmer D, Ng P, Liu C, Krasinkiewicz J, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Safety profile, efficacy, and biodistribution of a bicistronic high-capacity adenovirus vector encoding a combined immunostimulation and cytotoxic gene therapy as a prelude to a phase I clinical trial for glioblastoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:318-30. [PMID: 23403069 PMCID: PMC3641940 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (Ads) are promising gene delivery vehicles due to their high transduction efficiency; however, their clinical usefulness has been hampered by their immunogenicity and the presence of anti-Ad immunity in humans. We reported the efficacy of a gene therapy approach for glioma consisting of intratumoral injection of Ads encoding conditionally cytotoxic herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (Ad-TK) and the immunostimulatory cytokine fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand 3 (Ad-Flt3L). Herein, we report the biodistribution, efficacy, and neurological and systemic effects of a bicistronic high-capacity Ad, i.e., HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L. HC-Ads elicit sustained transgene expression, even in the presence of anti-Ad immunity, and can encode large therapeutic cassettes, including regulatory elements to enable turning gene expression "on" or "off" according to clinical need. The inclusion of two therapeutic transgenes within a single vector enables a reduction of the total vector load without adversely impacting efficacy. Because clinically the vectors will be delivered into the surgical cavity, normal regions of the brain parenchyma are likely to be transduced. Thus, we assessed any potential toxicities elicited by escalating doses of HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L (1×10(8), 1×10(9), or 1×10(10) viral particles [vp]) delivered into the rat brain parenchyma. We assessed neuropathology, biodistribution, transgene expression, systemic toxicity, and behavioral impact at acute and chronic time points. The results indicate that doses up to 1×10(9) vp of HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L can be safely delivered into the normal rat brain and underpin further developments for its implementation in a phase I clinical trial for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Puntel
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
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10
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Gallaher SD, Berk AJ. A rapid Q-PCR titration protocol for adenovirus and helper-dependent adenovirus vectors that produces biologically relevant results. J Virol Methods 2013; 192:28-38. [PMID: 23624118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are employed in the study of cellular processes and as expression vectors used in gene therapy. The success and reproducibility of these studies is dependent in part on having accurate and meaningful titers of replication competent and helper-dependent adenovirus stocks, which is problematic due to the use of varied and divergent titration protocols. Physical titration methods, which quantify the total number of viral particles, are used by many, but are poor at estimating activity. Biological titration methods, such as plaque assays, are more biologically relevant, but are time consuming and not applicable to helper-dependent gene therapy vectors. To address this, a protocol was developed called "infectious genome titration" in which viral DNA is isolated from the nuclei of cells ~3 h post-infection, and then quantified by Q-PCR. This approach ensures that only biologically active virions are counted as part of the titer determination. This approach is rapid, robust, sensitive, reproducible, and applicable to all forms of adenovirus. Unlike other Q-PCR-based methods, titers determined by this protocol are well correlated with biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Gallaher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Young Drive, Box 157005, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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11
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Castro M, Xiong W, Puntel M, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Pechnick RN, Ng P, Lowenstein P, Ghulam Muhammad AKM, Salem A, Lacayo L, Kelson KR, Palmer DJ, Liu C, Appelhans A. Safety Profile of Gutless Adenovirus Vectors Delivered into the Normal Brain Parenchyma: Implications for a Glioma Phase I Clinical Trial. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Muhammad AKMG, Xiong W, Puntel M, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Salem A, Lacayo L, Pechnick RN, Kelson KR, Palmer D, Ng P, Liu C, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Safety profile of gutless adenovirus vectors delivered into the normal brain parenchyma: implications for a glioma phase 1 clinical trial. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:271-84. [PMID: 22950971 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been evaluated in clinical trials for glioma. However, systemic immunity against the vectors can hamper therapeutic efficacy. We demonstrated that combined immunostimulation and cytotoxic gene therapy provides long-term survival in preclinical glioma models. Because helper-dependent high-capacity Ads (HC-Ads) elicit sustained transgene expression, in the presence of antiadenoviral immunity, we engineered HC-Ads encoding conditional cytotoxic herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase and immunostimulatory cytokine Fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand-3 under the control of the TetOn system. Escalating doses of combined HC-Ads (1×10(8), 1×10(9), and 1×10(10) viral particles [VP]) were delivered into the rat brain. We assessed neuropathology, biodistribution, transgene expression, systemic toxicity, and behavioral impact at acute and chronic time points after vector delivery. Histopathological analysis did not reveal any evidence of toxicity or long-term inflammation at the lower doses tested. Vector genomes were restricted to the injection site. Serum chemistry did not uncover adverse systemic side effects at any of the doses tested. Taken together, our data indicate that doses of up to 1×10(9) VP of each HC-Ad can be safely administered into the normal brain. This comprehensive toxicity and biodistribution study will lay the foundations for implementation of a phase 1 clinical trial for GBM using HC-Ads.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Ghulam Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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13
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Pei Z, Kondo S, Kanegae Y, Saito I. Copy number of adenoviral vector genome transduced into target cells can be measured using quantitative PCR: application to vector titration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:945-50. [PMID: 22202173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Both transfection and adenovirus vectors are commonly used in studies measuring gene expression. However, the real DNA copy number that is actually transduced into target cells cannot be measured using quantitative PCR because attached DNA present on the cell surface is difficult to distinguish from successfully transduced DNA. Here, we used Cre/loxP system to show that most of the transfected DNA was in fact attached to the cell surface; in contrast, most of the viral vector DNA used to infect the target cells was present inside the cells after the cells were washed according to the conventional infection protocol. We applied this characteristic to adenoviral vector titration. Current methods of vector titration using the growth of 293 cells are influenced by the effect of the expressed gene product as well as the cell conditions and culture techniques. The titration method proposed here indicates the copy numbers introduced to the target cells using a control vector that is infected in parallel (relative vector titer: rVT). Moreover, the new titration method is simple and reliable and may replace the current titration methods of viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pei
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Japan
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14
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Cao X, Yang M, Wei RC, Zeng Y, Gu JF, Huang WD, Yang DQ, Li HL, Ding M, Wei N, Zhang KJ, Xu B, Liu XR, Qian QJ, Liu XY. Cancer targeting Gene-Viro-Therapy of liver carcinoma by dual-regulated oncolytic adenovirus armed with TRAIL gene. Gene Ther 2011; 18:765-77. [PMID: 21412282 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a common and aggressive malignancy, but available treatment approaches remain suboptimal. Cancer targeting Gene-Viro-Therapy (CTGVT) has shown excellent anti-tumor effects in a preclinical study. CTGVT takes advantage of both gene therapy and virotherapy by incorporating an anti-tumor gene into an oncolytic virus vector. Potent anti-tumor activity is achieved by virus replication and exogenous expression of the anti-tumor gene. A dual-regulated oncolytic adenoviral vector designated Ad·AFP·E1A·E1B (Δ55) (Ad·AFP·D55 for short thereafter) was constructed by replacing the native viral E1A promoter with the simian virus 40 enhancer/α-fetoprotein (AFP) composite promoter (AFPep) based on an E1B-55K-deleted construct, ZD55. Ad·AFP·D55 showed specific replication and cytotoxicity in AFP-positive hepatoma cells. It also showed enhanced safety in normal cells when compared with the mono-regulated vector ZD55. To improve the anti-hepatoma activities of the virus, the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene was introduced into Ad·AFP·D55. Ad·AFP·D55-TRAIL exhibited remarkable anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with Ad·AFP·D55-TRAIL can induce both autophagy owing to the Ad·AFP·D55 vector and caspase-dependent apoptosis owing to the TRAIL protein. Therefore, Ad·AFP·D55-TRAIL could be a potential anti-hepatoma agent with anti-tumor activities due to AFP-specific replication and TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Puntel M, Muhammad AKMG, Candolfi M, Salem A, Yagiz K, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Xiong W, Curtin JF, Liu C, Bondale NS, Lerner J, Pechnick RN, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. A novel bicistronic high-capacity gutless adenovirus vector that drives constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and tet-inducible expression of Flt3L for glioma therapeutics. J Virol 2010; 84:6007-17. [PMID: 20375153 PMCID: PMC2876634 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00398-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly primary brain tumor. Conditional cytotoxic/immune-stimulatory gene therapy (Ad-TK and Ad-Flt3L) elicits tumor regression and immunological memory in rodent GBM models. Since the majority of patients enrolled in clinical trials would exhibit adenovirus immunity, which could curtail transgene expression and therapeutic efficacy, we used high-capacity adenovirus vectors (HC-Ads) as a gene delivery platform. Herein, we describe for the first time a novel bicistronic HC-Ad driving constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) and inducible Tet-mediated expression of Flt3L within a single-vector platform. We achieved anti-GBM therapeutic efficacy with no overt toxicities using this bicistronic HC-Ad even in the presence of systemic Ad immunity. The bicistronic HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L was delivered into intracranial gliomas in rats. Survival, vector biodistribution, neuropathology, systemic toxicity, and neurobehavioral deficits were assessed for up to 1 year posttreatment. Therapeutic efficacy was also assessed in animals preimmunized against Ads. We demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, with vector genomes being restricted to the brain injection site and an absence of overt toxicities. Importantly, antiadenoviral immunity did not inhibit therapeutic efficacy. These data represent the first report of a bicistronic vector platform driving the expression of two therapeutic transgenes, i.e., constitutive HSV1-TK and inducible Flt3L genes. Further, our data demonstrate no promoter interference and optimum gene delivery and expression from within this single-vector platform. Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and toxicity of this bicistronic HC-Ad vector in an animal model of GBM strongly supports further preclinical testing and downstream process development of HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L for a future phase I clinical trial for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Puntel
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A. K. M. G. Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alireza Salem
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kader Yagiz
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine Farrokhi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kurt M. Kroeger
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James F. Curtin
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Niyati S. Bondale
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Lerner
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert N. Pechnick
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donna Palmer
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip Ng
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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16
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Study of the efficacy, biodistribution, and safety profile of therapeutic gutless adenovirus vectors as a prelude to a phase I clinical trial for glioblastoma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88:204-13. [PMID: 20164833 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2009.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in humans. Systemic immunity against gene therapy vectors has been shown to hamper therapeutic efficacy; however, helper-dependent high-capacity adenovirus (HC-Ad) vectors elicit sustained transgene expression, even in the presence of systemic anti-adenoviral immunity. We engineered HC-Ads encoding the conditional cytotoxic herpes simplex type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) and the immunostimulatory cytokine fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand 3 (Flt3L). Flt3L expression is under the control of the regulatable Tet-ON system. In anticipation of a phase I clinical trial for GBM, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy, biodistribution, and clinical and neurotoxicity with escalating doses of HC-Ad-TetOn-Flt3L + HC-Ad-TK in rats. Intratumoral administration of these therapeutic HC-Ads in rats bearing large intracranial GBMs led to long-term survival in approximately 70% of the animals and development of antiglioma immunological memory without signs of neuropathology or systemic toxicity. Systemic anti-adenoviral immunity did not affect therapeutic efficacy. These data support the idea that it would be useful to develop HC-Ad vectors further as a therapeutic gene-delivery platform to implement GBM phase I clinical trials.
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17
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Puntel M, Kroeger KM, Sanderson NSR, Thomas CE, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Gene transfer into rat brain using adenoviral vectors. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2010; Chapter 4:Unit 4.24. [PMID: 20066657 PMCID: PMC2883311 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0424s50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Viral vector-mediated gene delivery is an attractive procedure for introducing genes into the brain, both for purposes of basic neuroscience research and to develop gene therapy for neurological diseases. Replication-defective adenoviruses possess many features which make them ideal vectors for this purpose-efficiently transducing terminally differentiated cells such as neurons and glial cells, resulting in high levels of transgene expression in vivo. Also, in the absence of anti-adenovirus immunity, these vectors can sustain very long-term transgene expression within the brain parenchyma. This unit provides protocols for the stereotactic injection of adenoviral vectors into the brain, followed by protocols to detect transgene expression or infiltrates of immune cells by immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence. ELISPOT and neutralizing antibody assay methodologies are provided to quantitate the levels of cellular and humoral immune responses against adenoviruses. Quantitation of adenoviral vector genomes within the rat brain using qPCR is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Puntel
- Board of Governors Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Departments of Medicine, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Jager L, Ehrhardt A. Persistence of high-capacity adenoviral vectors as replication-defective monomeric genomes in vitro and in murine liver. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 20:883-96. [PMID: 19364285 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-based gene therapy approaches demonstrated that high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) can persist life-long in mice and for 2 years or longer in rats, dogs, and nonhuman primates. However, the molecular status of episomal HC-AdV DNA molecules and the mechanism of vector genome maintenance have not been analyzed. HC-AdV lacks all viral coding sequences including early gene region 4 (E4), which prevents concatemerization in wild-type adenovirus. Therefore, we addressed whether concatemerization or circularization of HC-AdV DNA occurs in transduced cells. We employed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and a sensitive concatemer/circle-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To test for replication as a potential mechanism for maintenance, we developed a methylase/restriction endonuclease-based system using methylation-marked HC-AdV. We found that unlike DeltaE4 mutant virus, only monomers of HC-AdV genomes were observable in vitro. Using our methylase/restriction endonuclease-based system, no replication of HC-AdV was sensed in various cell lines. However, concatemer formation of HC-AdV could be induced after coinfection with an E4-deleted helper virus, indicating that linkage of genomes may be supported by replication. To examine HC-AdV DNA molecules in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected and vector DNA in liver was analyzed. In concordance with our in vitro results, exclusively linear monomers were detected. To sense the replication status of HC-AdV genomes, we established a sensitive real-time PCR. Our results indicated that the input transduced DNA genomes were the persistent molecules in murine liver. In summary, we demonstrated that HC-AdV genomes persist predominantly as replication-defective monomeric genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jager
- Department of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich 80336, Germany
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19
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Segura MM, Monfar M, Puig M, Mennechet F, Ibanes S, Chillón M. A real-time PCR assay for quantification of canine adenoviral vectors. J Virol Methods 2009; 163:129-36. [PMID: 19751766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pre-existing humoral and cellular immunity found in the great majority of the population raises concerns about the clinical efficacy and safety of vectors derived from ubiquitous human adenovirus serotypes. To alleviate these concerns, canine adenovirus type 2 vectors (CAV-2) were developed. Owing to their extraordinary neuronal tropism and efficient axonal retrograde transport, CAV-2 vectors hold great promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The development and validation of a SYBR Green qPCR assay for determination of CAV-2 titers is reported in the present study. This method uses specific primers designed to amplify a small genomic fragment of CAV-2 structural genes (pVI-hexon). The method was accurate and reproducible as determined by the low intra- and inter-assay variability (<15% R.S.E.). It is sensitive and useful over a 5-log range (1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(7)genome copies/reaction). The assay can be used to quantify purified vector samples as well as crude viral lysates. The titers obtained by qPCR correlated well with both, those obtained by OD(260) and TCID(50) as indicated by the high coefficients of determination obtained by regression analysis (r(2)>0.83). The development of this simple and rapid CAV-2 quantitation method should be helpful for process development and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mercedes Segura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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20
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Jiang MH, Chen L, Li LF, Wu HP, Jiang LH, Qian YZ, Fang GE, Xue XC. A GUTLESS ADENOVIRAL VECTOR EXPRESSING FULL-LENGTH ANTI-Her2 ANTIBODY. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 36:e26-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2009.05175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Jager L, Hausl MA, Rauschhuber C, Wolf NM, Kay MA, Ehrhardt A. A rapid protocol for construction and production of high-capacity adenoviral vectors. Nat Protoc 2009; 4:547-64. [PMID: 19373227 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) lacking all viral coding sequences were shown to result in long-term transgene expression and phenotypic correction in small and large animal models. It has been established that HC-AdVs show significantly reduced toxicity profiles compared with early-generation adenoviral vectors. Furthermore, with capsid-modified HC-AdV becoming available, we are just starting to understand the full potential of this vector system. However, for many researchers, the wide-scale use of HC-AdV is hampered by labor-intensive and complex production procedures. Herein, we provide a feasible and detailed protocol for efficient generation of HC-AdV. We introduce an efficient cloning strategy for the generation of recombinant HC-AdV vector genomes. Infection and amplification of the HC-AdV are performed in a spinner culture system. For purification, we routinely apply cesium chloride gradients. Finally, we describe various methods for establishing vector titers. Generation of high-titer HC-AdV can be achieved in 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Jager
- Department of Virology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
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22
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Identification of critical infection parameters to control helper-dependent adenoviral vector production. J Biotechnol 2009; 142:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2008] [Revised: 03/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Walkiewicz MP, Morral N, Engel DA. Accurate single-day titration of adenovirus vectors based on equivalence of protein VII nuclear dots and infectious particles. J Virol Methods 2009; 159:251-8. [PMID: 19406166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein VII is an abundant component of adenovirus particles and is tightly associated with the viral DNA. It enters the nucleus along with the infecting viral genome and remains bound throughout early phase. Protein VII can be visualized by immunofluorescent staining as discrete dots in the infected cell nucleus. Comparison between protein VII staining and expression of the 72kDa DNA-binding protein revealed a one-to-one correspondence between protein VII dots and infectious viral genomes. A similar relationship was observed for a helper-dependent adenovirus vector expressing green fluorescent protein. This relationship allowed accurate titration of adenovirus preparations, including wild-type and helper-dependent vectors, using a 1-day immunofluorescence method. The method can be applied to any adenovirus vector and gives results equivalent to the standard plaque assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin P Walkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0734, USA.
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Dormond E, Meneses-Acosta A, Jacob D, Durocher Y, Gilbert R, Perrier M, Kamen A. An efficient and scalable process for helper-dependent adenoviral vector production using polyethylenimine-adenofection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:800-10. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Robust in vivo transduction of a genetically stable Epstein-Barr virus episome to hepatocytes in mice by a hybrid viral vector. J Virol 2009; 83:3249-57. [PMID: 19158239 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01721-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To make a safe, long-lasting gene delivery vehicle, we developed a hybrid vector that leverages the relative strengths of adenovirus and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). A fully gene-deleted helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) is used as the delivery vehicle for its scalability and high transduction efficiency. Upon delivery, a portion of the HDAd vector is recombined to form a circular plasmid. This episome includes two elements from EBV: an EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) expression cassette and an EBNA1 binding region. Along with a human replication origin, these elements provide considerable genetic stability to the episome in replicating cells while avoiding insertional mutagenesis. Here, we demonstrate that this hybrid approach is highly efficient at delivering EBV episomes to target cells in vivo. We achieved nearly 100% transduction of hepatocytes after a single intravenous injection in mice. This is a substantial improvement over the transduction efficiency of previously available physical and viral methods. Bioluminescent imaging of vector-transduced mice demonstrated that luciferase transgene expression from the hybrid was robust and compared well to a traditional HDAd vector. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed that the EBV episome was stable at approximately 30 copies per cell for up to 50 weeks and that it remained circular and extrachromosomal. Approaches for adapting the HDAd-EBV hybrid to a variety of disease targets and the potential benefits of this approach are discussed.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase sequence fused to the lacz gene increases levels of {beta}-galactosidase activity per genome of high-capacity but not first-generation adenoviral vectors in vitro and in vivo. J Virol 2008; 83:2004-10. [PMID: 19073729 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01298-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased transgene expression per vector genome is an important goal in the optimization of viral vectors for gene therapy. Herein we demonstrate that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) thymidine kinase (TK) gene sequences (1,131 bp) fused to the 3' end of lacZ increase transgene expression from high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HCAd), but not from first-generation (Ad) vectors. The woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE), in contrast, increased transgene expression levels from Ad but not HCAd vectors. The differential activity of the HSV1 TK gene and WPRE sequences was detected both in vitro and in vivo and suggests potentially different mechanisms of action or the interaction of these elements with vector genomic sequences.
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From the first to the third generation adenoviral vector: what parameters are governing the production yield? Biotechnol Adv 2008; 27:133-44. [PMID: 19013226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviral viral vector serotype 5 (AdV) is presently the primary viral vector used in gene therapy trials. Advancements in AdV process development directly contribute to the clinical application and commercialization of the AdV gene delivery technology. Notably, the development of AdV production in suspension culture has driven the increase in AdV volumetric and specific productivity, therefore providing large quantities of AdV required for clinical studies. This review focuses on detailing the viral, cell and cell culture parameters governing the productivity of the three generations of AdV vectors.
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Southgate T, Kroeger KM, Liu C, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Gene transfer into neural cells in vitro using adenoviral vectors. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN NEUROSCIENCE 2008; Chapter 4:Unit 4.23. [PMID: 18972378 PMCID: PMC2659706 DOI: 10.1002/0471142301.ns0423s45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors are excellent vehicles to transfer genes into the nervous system due to their ability to transduce dividing and nondividing cells, their ability to be grown to very high titers, and their relatively large insert capacity. Also, adenoviral vectors can sustain very long-term transgene expression in the CNS of rodents and in neurons and glial cells in culture. Successful gene transfer into the nervous system is dependent on the development, production, and quality control of vector preparations, which need to be of the highest quality. This unit provides protocols to clone, rescue, amplify, and purify first-generation adenoviral vectors. Detailed quality control assays are provided to ensure that vector preparations are devoid of contamination from replication-competent adenovirus and lipopolysaccharides. Also included are methodologies related to adenoviral-mediated gene transfer into neurons and glial cells in culture, and the analysis of transgene expression using immunocytochemistry, enzymatic assays, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Southgate
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
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Crettaz J, Olague C, Vales A, Aurrekoetxea I, Berraondo P, Otano I, Kochanek S, Prieto J, González-Aseguinolaza G. Characterization of high-capacity adenovirus production by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction: a comparative study of different titration methods. J Gene Med 2008; 10:1092-101. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Curtin JF, Candolfi M, Puntel M, Xiong W, Muhammad AKM, Kroeger K, Mondkar S, Liu C, Bondale N, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Regulated expression of adenoviral vectors-based gene therapies: therapeutic expression of toxins and immune-modulators. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 434:239-66. [PMID: 18470649 PMCID: PMC2633597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60327-248-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Regulatable promoter systems allow gene expression to be tightly controlled in vivo. This is highly desirable for the development of safe, efficacious adenoviral vectors that can be used to treat human diseases in the clinic. Ideally, regulatable cassettes should have minimal gene expression in the "OFF" state, and expression should quickly reach therapeutic levels in the "ON" state. In addition, the components of regulatable cassettes should be non-toxic at physiological concentrations and should not be immunogenic, especially when treating chronic illness that requires long-lasting gene expression. In this chapter, we will describe in detail protocols to develop and validate first generation (Ad) and high-capacity adenoviral (HC-Ad) vectors that express therapeutic genes under the control of the TetON regulatable system. Our laboratory has successfully used these protocols to regulate the expression of marker genes, immune stimulatory genes, and toxins for cancer gene therapeutics, i.e., glioma that is a deadly form of brain cancer. We have shown that this third generation TetON regulatable system, incorporating a doxycycline (DOX)-sensitive rtTA(2)S-M2 inducer and tTS(Kid) silencer, is non-toxic, relatively non-immunogenic, and can tightly regulate reporter transgene expression downstream of a TRE promoter from adenoviral vectors in vitro and also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Curtin
- The Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Department of Molecular, Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mandel RJ, Burger C, Snyder RO. Viral vectors for in vivo gene transfer in Parkinson's disease: properties and clinical grade production. Exp Neurol 2008; 209:58-71. [PMID: 17916354 PMCID: PMC2695880 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder that is mainly confined to the basal ganglia, gene transfer to deliver therapeutic molecules is an attractive treatment avenue. The present review focuses on direct in vivo gene transfer vectors that have been developed to a degree that they have been successfully used in animal model of Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, the properties of recombinant adenovirus, recombinant adeno-associated virus, herpes simplex virus, and lentivirus are described and contrasted. In order for viral vectors to be developed into clinical grade reagents, they must be manufactured and tested to precise regulatory standards. Indeed, clinical lots of viral vectors can be produced in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) regulations using industry accepted manufacturing methodologies, manufacturing controls, and quality systems. The viral vector properties themselves combined with physiological product formulations facilitate long-term storage and direct in vivo administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J. Mandel
- Department of Neuroscience, PO box 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610, Tel. 352–294–0446, Fax: 352–392–8347,
- McKnight Brain Institute
- Powell Gene Therapy Center
- University of Florida, College of Medicine
| | - Corinna Burger
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin Medical School
| | - Richard O. Snyder
- Powell Gene Therapy Center
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, PO Box 100266, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610–0266, Tel: 386–418–1642, Fax: 352–392–4290, e-mail:
- Department of Pediatrics
- University of Florida, College of Medicine
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King GD, Muhammad AKMG, Curtin JF, Barcia C, Puntel M, Liu C, Honig SB, Candolfi M, Mondkar S, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Flt3L and TK gene therapy eradicate multifocal glioma in a syngeneic glioblastoma model. Neuro Oncol 2007; 10:19-31. [PMID: 18079358 DOI: 10.1215/15228517-2007-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The disseminated characteristics of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) make it a particularly difficult tumor to treat with long-term efficacy. Most preclinical models of GBM involve treatment of a single tumor mass. For therapeutic outcomes to translate from the preclinical to the clinical setting, induction of an antitumor response capable of eliminating multifocal disease is essential. We tested the hypothesis that expression of Flt3L (human soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand) and TK (herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase) within brain gliomas would mediate regression of the primary, treated tumor mass and a secondary, untreated tumor growing at a distant site from the primary tumor and the site of therapeutic vector injection. In both the single-GBM and multifocal-GBM models used, all saline-treated control animals succumbed to tumors by day 22. Around 70% of the animals bearing a single GBM mass treated with an adenovirus expressing Flt3L (AdFlt3L) and an adenovirus expressing TK (AdTK + GCV) survived long term. Approximately 50% of animals bearing a large primary GBM that were implanted with a second GBM in the contralateral hemisphere at the same time the primary tumors were being treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK also survived long term. A second multifocal GBM model, in which bilateral GBMs were implanted simultaneously and only the right tumor mass was treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK, also demonstrated long-term survival. While no significant difference in survival was found between unifocal and multifocal GBM-bearing animals treated with AdFlt3L and AdTK, both treatments were statistically different from the saline-treated control group (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that combination therapy with AdFlt3L and AdTK can eradicate multifocal brain tumor disease in a syngeneic, intracranial GBM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendalyn D King
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles 90048, USA
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Schalk JAC, de Vries CGJCA, Orzechowski TJH, Rots MG. A rapid and sensitive assay for detection of replication-competent adenoviruses by a combination of microcarrier cell culture and quantitative PCR. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:89-95. [PMID: 17588680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and sensitive assay for detection of replication-competent adenoviruses (RCAs) is described. This RCA assay consists of an incubation step of 4 days of adenoviral vectors on A549 cells in a microcarrier cell culture system followed by detection of amplified RCAs by E1-specific quantitative PCR. The detection limit of this assay is 3 RCAs in 1 x 10(10) vector particles per 70 ml of microcarrier cell culture. The main advantage of the combination of cell culture and PCR detection is that replicated virus can be detected long before cytopathic effects become visible and therefore, it is much faster than conventional cell culture-based assays. This assay was validated by spiking replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors with wild-type adenovirus serotype 5 (wt Ad5) as a positive control for RCA. It was found that the replication of wt Ad5 is hampered above a vector particle per cell ratio of 50. However, if microcarrier beads are used, many cells can be grown in a small suspension culture and consequently a large number of vector particles can be tested for contamination with RCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A C Schalk
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Biological Medicines and Medical Technology, The Netherlands.
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Candolfi M, Curtin JF, Xiong WD, Kroeger KM, Liu C, Rentsendorj A, Agadjanian H, Medina-Kauwe L, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Effective high-capacity gutless adenoviral vectors mediate transgene expression in human glioma cells. Mol Ther 2006; 14:371-81. [PMID: 16798098 PMCID: PMC1629029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common subtype of primary malignant brain tumor. Although serotype 5 adenoviral vectors (Ads) have been used successfully in clinical trials for GBM, the capacity of Ads to infect human glioma cells and the expression of adenoviral receptors in GBM cells have been challenged. In this report, we studied the expression of three molecules that have been shown to mediate adenoviral entry into cells, i.e., coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), integrin alphavbeta3 (INT), and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI), in rodent glioma cell lines and low-passage primary cultures and cell lines from human GBM. We correlated levels of expression of CAR, INT, and MHCI with transduction efficiency elicited by several high-capacity helper-dependent adenoviral vectors (HC-Ads). Expression levels of adenoviral receptors were variable among the different GBM cells studied. HC-Ad-mediated therapeutic gene expression was efficient, ranging between 20 and 80% of the total target cells expressing the encoded transgenes. Our results show no correlation between the levels of CAR, INT, or MHCI molecules and the levels of transgene expression or the number of GBM cells transduced. We conclude that expression levels of adenoviral receptors do not predict their transduction efficiency or biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - James F. Curtin
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wei-Dong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kurt M. Kroeger
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hasmik Agadjanian
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Donna Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Ng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, Room 5090, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- *To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: +1 310 423 7308. E-mail:
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