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Nielsen KN, Steffensen MA, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. Priming of CD8 T cells by adenoviral vectors is critically dependent on B7 and dendritic cells but only partially dependent on CD28 ligation on CD8 T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1223-32. [PMID: 24951814 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have long been forerunners in the development of effective CD8 T cell-based vaccines; therefore, it is imperative that we understand the factors controlling the induction of robust and long-lasting transgene-specific immune responses by these vectors. In this study, we investigated the organ sites, molecules, and cell subsets that play a critical role in the priming of transgene-specific CD8 T cells after vaccination with a replication-deficient adenoviral vector. Using a human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vector and genetically engineered mice, we found that CD8(+) and/or CD103(+) dendritic cells in the draining lymph node played a critical role in the priming of Ad5-induced CD8 T cell responses. Moreover, we found that CD80/86, but not CD28, was essential for efficient generation of both primary effectors and memory CD8 T cells. Interestingly, the lack of CD28 expression resulted in a delayed primary response, whereas memory CD8 T cells generated in CD28-deficient mice appeared almost normal in terms of both phenotype and effector cytokine profile, but they exhibited a significantly reduced proliferative capacity upon secondary challenge while retaining immediate in vivo effector capabilities: in vivo cytotoxicity and short-term in vivo protective capacity. Overall, our data point to an absolute requirement for professional APCs and the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80/86 for efficient CD8 T cell priming by adenoviral vectors. Additionally, our results suggest the existence of an alternative receptor for CD80/86, which may substitute, in part, for CD28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N Nielsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria A Steffensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan P Christensen
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan R Thomsen
- Department of International Health, Immunology, and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zirger JM, Puntel M, Bergeron J, Wibowo M, Moridzadeh R, Bondale N, Barcia C, Kroeger KM, Liu C, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Immune-mediated loss of transgene expression from virally transduced brain cells is irreversible, mediated by IFNγ, perforin, and TNFα, and due to the elimination of transduced cells. Mol Ther 2012; 20:808-19. [PMID: 22233583 PMCID: PMC3321600 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2011.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune response to viral vectors reduces vector-mediated transgene expression from the brain. It is unknown, however, whether this loss is caused by functional downregulation of transgene expression or death of transduced cells. Herein, we demonstrate that during the elimination of transgene expression, the brain becomes infiltrated with CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and that these T cells are necessary for transgene elimination. Further, the loss of transgene-expressing brain cells fails to occur in the absence of IFNγ, perforin, and TNFα receptor. Two methods to induce severe immune suppression in immunized animals also fail to restitute transgene expression, demonstrating the irreversibility of this process. The need for cytotoxic molecules and the irreversibility of the reduction in transgene expression suggested to us that elimination of transduced cells is responsible for the loss of transgene expression. A new experimental paradigm that discriminates between downregulation of transgene expression and the elimination of transduced cells demonstrates that transduced cells are lost from the brain upon the induction of a specific antiviral immune response. We conclude that the anti-adenoviral immune response reduces transgene expression in the brain through loss of transduced cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Zirger
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Josee Bergeron
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mia Wibowo
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rameen Moridzadeh
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Niyati Bondale
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kurt M Kroeger
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Deceased
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Current address: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Current address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Board of Governors' Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Current address: Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Current address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Tuve S, Liu Y, Tragoolpua K, Jacobs JD, Yumul RC, Li ZY, Strauss R, Hellström KE, Disis ML, Roffler S, Lieber A. In situ adenovirus vaccination engages T effector cells against cancer. Vaccine 2009; 27:4225-39. [PMID: 19481312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is limited because of central and peripheral immune tolerance towards tumor-antigens. We propose a novel approach based on the fact that the immune system has not evolved tolerance towards adenoviruses (Ads) and that Ads have not evolved efficient mechanisms for immune-escape. The host-response to intratumoral Ad-vector injection in mice that were immunologically tolerant to neu-positive syngeneic mammary-cancer (MMC) was investigated. Intratumoral injection with replication-deficient, transgene-devoid Ad induced immune responses at two different anatomical sites: the tumor-draining lymph nodes and the tumor microenvironment. The lymph nodes supported the generation of both neu- and Ad-specific T effector cells, while inside the tumor microenvironment only Ad-specific T cells expanded. Importantly, Ad-specific T cells were anti-tumor-reactive despite the presence of active regulatory T cell-mediated immune tolerance inside MMC tumors and anti-tumor efficacy of Ad was increased by pre-immunization against Ad despite the production of Ad-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tuve
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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