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NanoBiT System and Hydrofurimazine for Optimized Detection of Viral Infection in Mice-A Novel in Vivo Imaging Platform. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165863. [PMID: 32824188 PMCID: PMC7461499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter genes are used to visualize intracellular biological phenomena, including viral infection. Here we demonstrate bioluminescent imaging of viral infection using the NanoBiT system in combination with intraperitoneal injection of a furimazine analogue, hydrofurimazine. This recently developed substrate has enhanced aqueous solubility allowing delivery of higher doses for in vivo imaging. The small high-affinity peptide tag (HiBiT), which is only 11 amino-acids in length, was engineered into a clinically used oncolytic adenovirus, and the complementary large protein (LgBiT) was constitutively expressed in tumor cells. Infection of the LgBiT expressing cells with the HiBiT oncolytic virus will reconstitute NanoLuc in the cytosol of the cell, providing strong bioluminescence upon treatment with substrate. This new bioluminescent system served as an early stage quantitative viral transduction reporter in vitro and also in vivo in mice, for longitudinal monitoring of oncolytic viral persistence in infected tumor cells. This platform provides novel opportunities for studying the biology of viruses in animal models.
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2
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Chen YS, Huang TH, Liu CL, Chen HS, Lee MH, Chen HW, Shen CR. Locally Targeting the IL-17/IL-17RA Axis Reduced Tumor Growth in a Murine B16F10 Melanoma Model. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:273-285. [PMID: 30079767 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 and the cells that produce it within the tumor microenvironment appear to promote tumor development and are associated with survival in cancer patients. Here we investigated the role of the IL-17/IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA) axis in regulating melanoma progression and evaluated the therapeutic potential of blocking the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway. First, recombinant mouse IL-17 (γmIL-17) treatment significantly increased proliferation of mouse B16F10 cells and human A375 and A2058 cells. Silencing IL-17RA by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) in B16F10 cells reduced the γmIL-17-elicited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and significantly reduced vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase production. Remarkably, knockdown of IL-17RA led to a significantly decreased capability of B16F10 cells to form tumors in vivo, similar to that in IL-17-deficient mice. Finally, local application of an adenovirus delivering a shRNA against IL-17RA mRNA not only significantly suppressed tumor development, but also enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing the interferon γ-expressing T cells and not T regulatory cells. Our results highlight the critical role of the IL-17/IL-17RA pathway in tumor progression and imply that targeting IL-17RA represents a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- 3 School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,4 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Lin Liu
- 5 College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,6 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Shan Chen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Hua Lee
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- 7 National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC.,8 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- 1 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,2 Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,9 Department of Ophthalmology, Lin-Kou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,10 Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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3
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Tassler S, Wölk C, Janich C, Dobner B, Brezesinski G. Lysine-based amino-functionalized lipids for gene transfection: the protonation state in monolayers at the air-liquid interface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:20271-20280. [PMID: 28726909 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03107f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids are considered as non-viral carriers for genetic material used in gene therapy. They have no carcinogenic potential and cause low immune response compared to existing viral systems. The protonation degree of these cationic lipids is a crucial parameter for the binding behavior of polynucleotides (e.g., DNA). Newly synthesized peptide-mimic lysine-based amino-functionalized lipids have been investigated in 2D models as monolayers at the air-liquid interface. Standard surface pressure - area isotherms have been measured to prove the layer stability. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TRXF) has been used as a surface sensitive analytical method to estimate the amount of counterions at the head groups. Using a standard sample as a reference, the protonation degree of these cationic lipids can be quantified on buffers with different pH values. It is found that the protonation degree depends linearly on the packing density of the lipid monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tassler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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4
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A spermine conjugated stearic acid-g-chitosan oligosaccharide polymer with different types of amino groups for efficient p53 gene therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 145:695-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death and morbidity in men in the Western world. Tumor progression is dependent on functioning androgen receptor signaling, and initial administration of antiandrogens and hormone therapy (androgen-deprivation therapy) prevent growth and spread. Tumors frequently develop escape mechanisms to androgen-deprivation therapy and progress to castration-resistant late-stage metastatic disease that, in turn, inevitably leads to resistance to all current therapeutics, including chemotherapy. In spite of the recent development of more effective inhibitors of androgen–androgen receptor signaling such as enzalutamide and abiraterone, patient survival benefits are still limited. Oncolytic adenoviruses have proven efficacy in prostate cancer cells and cause regression of tumors in preclinical models of numerous drug-resistant cancers. Data from clinical trials demonstrate that adenoviral mutants have limited toxicity to normal tissues and are safe when administered to patients with various solid cancers, including prostate cancer. While efficacy in response to adenovirus administration alone is marginal, findings from early-phase trials targeting local-ized and metastatic prostate cancer suggest improved efficacy in combination with cytotoxic drugs and radiation therapy. Here, we review recent progress in the development of multimodal oncolytic adenoviruses as biological therapeutics to improve on tumor elimination in prostate cancer patients. These optimized mutants target cancer cells by several mechanisms including viral lysis and by expression of cytotoxic transgenes and immune-stimulatory factors that activate the host immune system to destroy both infected and noninfected prostate cancer cells. Additional modifications of the viral capsid proteins may support future systemic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Sweeney
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
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6
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Ulbrich K, Holá K, Šubr V, Bakandritsos A, Tuček J, Zbořil R. Targeted Drug Delivery with Polymers and Magnetic Nanoparticles: Covalent and Noncovalent Approaches, Release Control, and Clinical Studies. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5338-431. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1120] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karel Ulbrich
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Šubr
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovsky Square 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tuček
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17 Listopadu 1192/12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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Wu J, Chen KDA, Gao M, Chen G, Jin SF, Zhuang FC, Wu XH, Jiang YS, Li JB. Genetic stability of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine vector seed library expressing human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 proteins. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1161-1165. [PMID: 25780403 PMCID: PMC4353792 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to understand the genetic stability of a master seed bank (MSB) and a working seed bank (WSB) of an adenovirus vector vaccine expressing the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E6 and E7 fusion proteins (Ad-HPV16E6E7). Microscopic examination and viral infectious efficacy were used to measure the infectious titers of the Ad-HPV16E6E7 MSB and WSB. Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the stability of the Ad-HPV16E6E7 target gene insertion, while western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression levels of the Ad-HPV16E6E7 target protein. A C57BL/6 mouse TC-1 tumor cell growth inhibition model was used to evaluate the biological effect of Ad-HPV16E6E7 administration. The infectious titers of the Ad-HPV16E6E7 MSB and WSB were 6.31×109 IU/ml and 3.0×109 IU/ml, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of the inserted target genes and target proteins were found to be stable. In the mouse TC-1 tumor inhibition analysis, when the virus titers of the Ad-HPV16E6E7 MSB and WSB were 109 IU/ml, the tumor inhibition rate was 100%, which was significantly different when compared with the control group (χ2MSB=20.00 and χ2WSB=20.00; P<0.01). Therefore, the Ad-HPV16E6E7 vaccine seed bank is genetically stable and meets the requirements for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Ke-DA Chen
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Meng Gao
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Su-Feng Jin
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Cheng Zhuang
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wu
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Shui Jiang
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Li
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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Xu W, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Hu Z, Wang CH, Morgan M, Wu Y, Hutten R, Xiao X, Stock S, Guise T, Prabhakar BS, Brendler C, Seth P. Ad5/48 hexon oncolytic virus expressing sTGFβRIIFc produces reduced hepatic and systemic toxicities and inhibits prostate cancer bone metastases. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1504-1517. [PMID: 24791939 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We are interested in developing oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) bone metastases. A key limitation of Adenovirus 5 (Ad5) is that upon systemic administration, it produces major liver and systemic toxicities. To address this issue, a chimaeric Ad5/48 adenovirus mHAd.sTβRFc was created. Seven hypervariable regions of Ad5 hexon present in Ad5-based Ad.sTβRFc expressing soluble transforming growth factor beta receptor II-Fc fusion protein (sTGβRIIFc), were replaced by those of Ad48. mHAd.sTβRFc, like Ad.sTβRFc, was replication competent in the human PCa cells, and produced high levels of sTGβRIIFc expression. Compared to Ad.sTβRFc, the systemic delivery of mHAd.sTβRFc in nude mice resulted in much reduced systemic toxicity, and reduced liver sequestration. Ad.sTβRFc produced significant liver necrosis, and increases in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 levels, while mHAd.sTβRFc produced much reduced responses of these markers. Intravenous delivery of Ad.sTβRFc or mHAd.sTβRFc (5 × 10(10) viral particles/mouse) in nude mice bearing PC-3-luc PCa bone metastases produced inhibition of bone metastases. Moreover, a larger dose of the mHAd.sTβRFc (4 × 10(11) viral particles /mouse) was also effective in inhibiting bone metastases. Thus, mHAd.sTβRFc could be developed for the treatment of PCa bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuefeng Yang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Zebin Hu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Surgery, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Melanie Morgan
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Wu
- Image Processing Lab, Center for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan Hutten
- Image Processing Lab, Center for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA
| | - Stuart Stock
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Theresa Guise
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles Brendler
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Surgery, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Prem Seth
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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9
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Han L, Zhao J, Liu J, Duan XL, Li LH, Wei XF, Wei Y, Liang XJ. A universal gene carrier platform for treatment of human prostatic carcinoma by p53 transfection. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3110-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Sorace AG, Warram JM, Mahoney M, Zinn KR, Hoyt K. Enhancement of adenovirus delivery after ultrasound-stimulated therapy in a cancer model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2374-81. [PMID: 24063960 PMCID: PMC4006627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of adenovirus (Ad) delivery to target tissues has the potential to advance the translation of cancer gene therapy. Ultrasound (US)-stimulated therapy uses microbubbles (MBs) exposed to low-intensity US energy to improve localized delivery. We hypothesize that US-stimulated gene therapy can improve Ad infection in a primary prostate tumor through enhanced tumor uptake and retention of the Ad vector. In vitro studies were performed to analyze the degree of Ad infectivity after application of US-stimulated gene therapy. A luciferase-based Ad on a ubiquitous cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (Ad5/3-CMV-Luc) was used in an animal model of prostate cancer (bilateral tumor growth) to evaluate Ad transduction efficiency after US-stimulated therapy. Bioluminescence imaging was employed for in vivo analysis to quantify Ad infection within the tumor. In vitro studies revealed no difference in Ad transduction between groups receiving US-stimulated therapy using high, low or sham US intensity exposures at various multiplicities of infection (MOIs) (p = 0.80). In vivo results indicated that tumors receiving US-stimulated therapy after intra-tumoral injection of Ad5/3-CMV-Luc (1 × 10(6) plaque-forming units) exhibited a 95.1% enhancement in tumor delivery compared with control tumors receiving sham US (p = 0.03). US-stimulated therapy has significant potential to immediately affect Ad-based cancer gene therapy by improving virus bioavailability in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason M. Warram
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marshall Mahoney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kurt R. Zinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Adenovirus-mediated sensitization to the cytotoxic drugs docetaxel and mitoxantrone is dependent on regulatory domains in the E1ACR1 gene-region. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46617. [PMID: 23056370 PMCID: PMC3463540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses have shown promising efficacy in clinical trials targeting prostate cancers that frequently develop resistance to all current therapies. The replication-selective mutants AdΔΔ and dl922–947, defective in pRb-binding, have been demonstrated to synergise with the current standard of care, mitoxantrone and docetaxel, in prostate cancer models. While expression of the early viral E1A gene is essential for the enhanced cell killing, the specific E1A-regions required for the effects are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that replicating mutants deleted in small E1A-domains, binding pRb (dl1108), p300/CBP (dl1104) and p400/TRRAP or p21 (dl1102) sensitize human prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU145, 22Rv1) to mitoxantrone and docetaxel. Through generation of non-replicating mutants, we demonstrate that the small E1A12S protein is sufficient to potently sensitize all prostate cancer cells to the drugs even in the absence of viral replication and the E1A transactivating domain, conserved region (CR) 3. Furthermore, the p300/CBP-binding domain in E1ACR1 is essential for drug-sensitisation in the absence (AdE1A1104) but not in the presence of the E1ACR3 (dl1104) domain. AdE1A1104 also failed to increase apoptosis and accumulation of cells in G2/M. All E1AΔCR2 mutants (AdE1A1108, dl922–947) and AdE1A1102 or dl1102 enhance cell killing to the same degree as wild type virus. In PC-3 xenografts in vivo the dl1102 mutant significantly prolongs time to tumor progression that is further enhanced in combination with docetaxel. Neither dl1102 nor dl1104 replicates in normal human epithelial cells (NHBE). These findings suggest that additional E1A-deletions might be included when developing more potent replication-selective oncolytic viruses, such as the AdΔCR2-mutants, to further enhance potency through synergistic cell killing in combination with current chemotherapeutics.
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Hu Z, Gupta J, Zhang Z, Gerseny H, Berg A, Chen YJ, Zhang Z, Du H, Brendler CB, Xiao X, Pienta KJ, Guise T, Lee C, Stern PH, Stock S, Seth P. Systemic delivery of oncolytic adenoviruses targeting transforming growth factor-β inhibits established bone metastasis in a prostate cancer mouse model. Hum Gene Ther 2012; 23:871-82. [PMID: 22551458 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined whether Ad.sTβRFc and TAd.sTβRFc, two oncolytic viruses expressing soluble transforming growth factor-β receptor II fused with human Fc (sTGFβRIIFc), can be developed to treat bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Incubation of PC-3 and DU-145 prostate tumor cells with Ad.sTβRFc and TAd.sTβRFc produced sTGFβRIIFc and viral replication; sTGFβRIIFc caused inhibition of TGF-β-mediated SMAD2 and SMAD3 phosphorylation. Ad(E1-).sTβRFc, an E1(-) adenovirus, produced sTGFβRIIFc but failed to replicate in tumor cells. To examine the antitumor response of adenoviral vectors, PC-3-luc cells were injected into the left heart ventricle of nude mice. On day 9, mice were subjected to whole-body bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Mice bearing hind-limb tumors were administered viral vectors via the tail vein on days 10, 13, and 17 (2.5×10(10) viral particles per injection per mouse, each injection in a 0.1-ml volume), and subjected to BLI and X-ray radiography weekly until day 53. Ad.sTβRFc, TAd.sTβRFc, and Ad(E1-).sTβRFc caused significant inhibition of tumor growth; however, Ad.sTβRFc was the most effective among all the vectors. Only Ad.sTβRFc and TAd.sTβRFc inhibited tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Histomorphometric and synchrotron micro-computed tomographic analysis of isolated bones indicated that Ad.sTβRFc induced significant reduction in tumor burden, osteoclast number, and trabecular and cortical bone destruction. These studies suggest that Ad.sTβRFc and TAd.sTβRFc can be developed as potential new therapies for prostate cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Hu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Abstract
Promising results have been reported from numerous studies with replication-selective oncolytic adenoviral mutants as novel treatments for a variety of cancers. Most of these studies were performed in cancer cell lines, dissociated tumor tissue, or animal models, and the predictive utility for efficacy and safety in the clinical setting is unclear. Indeed, the outcome of many clinical trials with viral mutants that demonstrated high efficacy preclinically has so far been disappointing, necessitating better test models. To this end, we developed a methodology using primary human cancer specimens for evaluation of cytotoxicity ex vivo including colorectal liver metastasis, ovarian, breast, colon, and prostate carcinomas. Under optimized culture conditions, primary human tumor tissue remained viable for up to 48 h, enabling evaluation of viral mutants in tissue with intact morphology. This assay may have great utility to investigate novel viral mutants and to identify treatment sensitive cancers by assessing specific oncolytic mutants in individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Abstract
This review discusses gene therapy as a new treatment paradigm where genetic material is introduced into cells for therapeutic benefit. The genetic material is the 'drug'. It can have a transient or ongoing effect depending on whether or not the introduced genetic material becomes part of the host cell DNA. Different delivery and gene technologies are chosen by investigators to maximise gene delivery to, and expression within, the target cells appropriate for the disease indication. The presence and expression of the introduced genetic material is monitored by molecular means so that treatment efficacy can be assessed via changes in surrogate and/or actual markers of disease. Of interest to the pathologist will be the approaches being developed for the disease indications highlighted and the monitoring of treatment efficacy.
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de Vrij J, Dautzenberg IJC, van den Hengel SK, Magnusson MK, Uil TG, Cramer SJ, Vellinga J, Verissimo CS, Lindholm L, Koppers-Lalic D, Hoeben RC. A cathepsin-cleavage site between the adenovirus capsid protein IX and a tumor-targeting ligand improves targeted transduction. Gene Ther 2011; 19:899-906. [PMID: 22011643 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses have a great potential as anticancer agents. One strategy to improve their tumor-cell specificity and anti-tumor efficacy is to include tumor-specific targeting ligands in the viral capsid. This can be achieved by fusion of polypeptide-targeting ligands with the minor capsid protein IX. Previous research suggested that protein IX-mediated targeting is limited by inefficient release of protein IX-fused ligands from their cognate receptors in the endosome. This thwarts endosomal escape of the virus particles. Here we describe that the targeted transduction of tumor cells is augmented by a cathepsin-cleavage site between the protein IX anchor and the HER2/neu-binding ZH Affibody molecule as ligand. The cathepsin-cleavage site did not interfere with virus production and incorporation of the Affibody molecules in the virus capsid. Virus particles harboring the cleavable protein IX-ligand fusion in their capsid transduced the HER2/neu-positive SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma cells with increased efficiency in monolayer cultures, three-dimensional spheroid cultures and in SKOV-3 tumors grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken eggs. These data show that inclusion of a cathepsin-cleavage sequence between protein IX and a high-affinity targeting ligand enhances targeted transduction. This modification further augments the applicability of protein IX as an anchor for coupling tumor-targeting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Magnusson MK, Kraaij R, Leadley RM, De Ridder CMA, van Weerden WM, Van Schie KAJ, Van der Kroeg M, Hoeben RC, Maitland NJ, Lindholm L. A transductionally retargeted adenoviral vector for virotherapy of Her2/neu-expressing prostate cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 23:70-82. [PMID: 21875358 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, is limited. One of the many problems is that the virus infects many different cell types in the body, resulting in high toxicity, whereas the target cancer cells are often less prone to wild-type Ad infection. Our aim was to develop genetically de- and retargeted Ad vectors to reduce off-target effects and increase target infection for prostate cancer. We have previously reported an Ad5 vector specific for the cancer-associated receptor Her2/neu, created by inserting Her2/neu-reactive Affibody(®) molecules (ZH) into the HI loop of a coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor binding-ablated fiber (Ad[ZH/1]). In addition to virus retargeting to Her2/neu, this virus was further modified from wild-type Ad by changing the RGD motif in the penton base to EGD and by substitution of the KKTK motif in the third shaft repeat to RKSK, resulting in the vector Ad[ZH/3]. The ZH-containing vectors could be produced to high titers and were specific for their target, resulting in efficient infection and killing of Her2/neu-positive androgen-dependent PC346C prostate cancer cells in vitro. Here we show that the oncolytic Ad[ZH/3] vector significantly prolonged survival time and reduced serum prostate-specific antigen levels in an orthotopic prostate tumor model in nude mice to the same extent as wild-type Ad5. Our results show that Her2/neu targeting using Ad-based vectors for prostate cancer is feasible and may serve as a basis for the development of gene therapy of human prostate cancer as well as other Her2/neu-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Jiang ZK, Sato M, Wei LH, Kao C, Wu L. Androgen-independent molecular imaging vectors to detect castration-resistant and metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6250-60. [PMID: 21933883 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific promoters are frequently employed in gene-mediated molecular imaging and therapeutic vectors to diagnose and treat castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) that emerges from hormone ablation therapy. Many of the conventional prostate-specific promoters rely on the androgen axis to drive gene expression. However, considering the cancer heterogeneity and varying androgen receptor status, we herein evaluated the utility of prostate-specific enhancing sequence (PSES), an androgen-independent promoter in CRPC. The PSES is a fused enhancer derived from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen gene regulatory region. We augmented the activity of PSES by the two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system to drive the expression of imaging reporter genes for either bioluminescent or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The engineered PSES-TSTA system exhibits greatly elevated transcriptional activity, androgen independency, and strong prostate specificity, verified in cell culture and preclinical animal experimentations. These advantageous features of PSES-TSTA elicit superior gene expression capability for CRPC in comparison with the androgen-dependent PSA promoter-driven system. In preclinical settings, we showed robust PET imaging capacity of PSES-TSTA in a castrated prostate xenograft model. Moreover, intravenous administrated PSES-TSTA bioluminescent vector correctly identified tibial bone marrow metastases in 9 of 9 animals, whereas NaF- and FDG-PET was unable to detect the lesions. Taken together, this study showed the promising utility of a potent, androgen-independent, and prostate cancer-specific expression system in directing gene-based molecular imaging in CRPC, even in the context of androgen deprivation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Karen Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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18
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Dittrich M, Heinze M, Wölk C, Funari SS, Dobner B, Möhwald H, Brezesinski G. Structure-Function Relationships of New Lipids Designed for DNA Transfection. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2328-37. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhang Z, Krimmel J, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Seth P. Systemic delivery of a novel liver-detargeted oncolytic adenovirus causes reduced liver toxicity but maintains the antitumor response in a breast cancer bone metastasis model. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:1137-42. [PMID: 21480822 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We are interested in developing oncolytic adenoviruses for the treatment of bone metastasis of cancer. A key limitation of systemic delivery of oncolytic adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) is that the majority of the virus is taken up by the liver, causing liver damage and systemic toxicity. Given that Ad5 hexon binding with blood coagulation factor X is a key factor in liver sequestration, and that a rare serotype, Ad48, has a diminished capacity to bind with factor X, we have generated mHAd.luc2, a novel hexon-chimeric oncolytic adenovirus. To create mHAd.luc2, seven hypervariable regions of Ad5 hexon were substituted with the corresponding regions from Ad48. Compared with Ad5-based oncolytic virus Ad.luc2, intravenous injection of mHAd.luc2 into nude mice resulted in significantly reduced liver uptake. A single high dose (1.0×10(11) viral particles/mouse) of Ad.luc2 resulted in 100% animal death by day 3; whereas none of the mice died in the mHAd.luc2 group. Liver enzyme and liver pathology studies indicated that mHAd.luc2 induced significantly less liver toxicity compared with Ad.luc2. Both mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 exhibited similar binding with breast tumor cells, whereas in the presence of factor X, mHAd.luc2 binding was reduced. Both mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 had nearly equal replication potential in breast cancer cells in vitro. Intravenous injection of mHAd.luc2 and Ad.luc2 into nude mice bearing bone metastases resulted in uptake of the viruses into skeletal tumors, and induced significant inhibition of established bone metastases. Thus, liver-detargeted oncolytic adenovirus can be developed for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Zhang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Medicine, NorthShore Research Institute, an affiliate of the University of Chicago, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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21
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Radhakrishnan S, Miranda E, Ekblad M, Holford A, Pizarro MT, Lemoine NR, Halldén G. Efficacy of oncolytic mutants targeting pRb and p53 pathways is synergistically enhanced when combined with cytotoxic drugs in prostate cancer cells and tumor xenografts. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 21:1311-25. [PMID: 20497039 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses have proven safety records with promising clinical outcomes. However, strategies to improve efficacy are still required. Here we report greatly improved antitumor efficacy for both attenuated (dl1520) and highly potent (dl922–947) oncolytic mutants in combination with the current standard of care for late-stage hormone-independent prostate cancers, mitoxantrone or docetaxel. In agreement with previous reports, dl922–947 had superior potency compared with dl1520 both as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic drugs. The dl922–947 mutant caused significant synergistic cell killing in both drug-insensitive and -sensitive prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, respectively, when combined with docetaxel or mitoxantrone. The magnitude of the synergistic response was greatest for dl1520 whereas overall efficacy was greatest for dl922–947, and the latter was also more efficacious in vivo in prostate cancer models. In DU145 and PC3 cells increased viral uptake (up to 9- and 8-fold, respectively), E1A expression, and altered cell cycle progression contributed to the synergistic cell killing. A similar trend was also detected in LNCaP cells. Potent E1A expression was essential for the response. In murine xenograft models (DU145 and PC3) tumor growth inhibition was improved when suboptimal doses of docetaxel and viral mutants were combined. These findings demonstrate that the efficacy of highly potent oncolytic mutants such as dl922–947 that target the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) pathway could be further enhanced even with low drug doses, and support the deletion of the E1ACR2 region in future candidate adenoviruses for treatment of hormone-independent prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Molecular Oncology and Imaging, Institute of Cancer, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Fillat C, Jose A, Bofill-Deros X, Mato-Berciano A, Maliandi MV, Sobrevals L. Pancreatic cancer gene therapy: from molecular targets to delivery systems. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:368-95. [PMID: 24212620 PMCID: PMC3756366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous identification of molecular changes deregulating critical pathways in pancreatic tumor cells provides us with a large number of novel candidates to engineer gene-targeted approaches for pancreatic cancer treatment. Targets—both protein coding and non-coding—are being exploited in gene therapy to influence the deregulated pathways to facilitate cytotoxicity, enhance the immune response or sensitize to current treatments. Delivery vehicles based on viral or non-viral systems as well as cellular vectors with tumor homing characteristics are a critical part of the design of gene therapy strategies. The different behavior of tumoral versus non-tumoral cells inspires vector engineering with the generation of tumor selective products that can prevent potential toxic-associated effects. In the current review, a detailed analysis of the different targets, the delivery vectors, the preclinical approaches and a descriptive update on the conducted clinical trials are presented. Moreover, future possibilities in pancreatic cancer treatment by gene therapy strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fillat
- Programa Gens i Malaltia, Centre de Regulació Genòmica-CRG, UPF, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.
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