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Robert S, Roman Ortiz NI, LaRocca CJ, Ostrander JH, Davydova J. Oncolytic Adenovirus for the Targeting of Paclitaxel-Resistant Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:567. [PMID: 38675909 PMCID: PMC11054319 DOI: 10.3390/v16040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant systemic therapies effectively reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, but therapy resistance can develop in some patients due to breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Oncolytic adenovirus (OAd) represents a promising therapeutic approach as it can specifically target cancer cells. However, its potential to target BCSCs remains unclear. Here, we evaluated a Cox-2 promoter-controlled, Ad5/3 fiber-modified OAd designed to encode the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) in breast cancer models. To confirm the potential of OAds to target BCSCs, we employed BCSC-enriched estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) paclitaxel-resistant (TaxR) cells and tumorsphere assays. OAd-hNIS demonstrated significantly enhanced binding and superior oncolysis in breast cancer cells, including ER+ cells, while exhibiting no activity in normal mammary epithelial cells. We observed improved NIS expression as the result of adenovirus death protein deletion. OAd-hNIS demonstrated efficacy in targeting TaxR BCSCs, exhibiting superior killing and hNIS expression compared to the parental cells. Our vector was capable of inhibiting tumorsphere formation upon early infection and reversing paclitaxel resistance in TaxR cells. Importantly, OAd-hNIS also destroyed already formed tumorspheres seven days after their initiation. Overall, our findings highlight the promise of OAd-hNIS as a potential tool for studying and targeting ER+ breast cancer recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Robert
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | | | - Christopher J. LaRocca
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Julie Hanson Ostrander
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Institute of Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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2
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The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as theranostic gene: potential role in pre-clinical therapy of extra-thyroidal malignancies. Clin Transl Imaging 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-023-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Vorobjeva IV, Zhirnov OP. Modern approaches to treating cancer with oncolytic viruses. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-91-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. This serves as a powerful incentive to search for new effective cancer treatments. Development of new oncolytic viruses capable of selectively destroying cancer cells is one of the modern approaches to cancer treatment. The advantage of this method – the selective lysis of tumor cells with the help of viruses – leads to an increase in the antitumor immune response of the body, that in turn promotes the destruction of the primary tumor and its metastases. Significant progress in development of this method has been achieved in the last decade. In this review we analyze the literature data on families of oncolytic viruses that have demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect against malignant neoplasms in various localizations. We discuss the main mechanisms of the oncolytic action of viruses and assess their advantages over other methods of cancer therapy as well as the prospects for their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Vorobjeva
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology
| | - O. P. Zhirnov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology; The Russian-German Academy of Medical and Biotechnological Sciences
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4
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Adenovirus Type 6: Subtle Structural Distinctions from Adenovirus Type 5 Result in Essential Differences in Properties and Perspectives for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101641. [PMID: 34683934 PMCID: PMC8540711 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors are the most frequently used agents for gene therapy, including oncolytic therapy and vaccine development. It’s hard to overestimate the value of adenoviruses during the COVID-19 pandemic as to date four out of four approved viral vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are developed on adenovirus platform. The vast majority of adenoviral vectors are based on the most studied human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5), however, its immunogenicity often hampers the clinical translation of HAdV-C5 vectors. The search of less seroprevalent adenovirus types led to another species C adenovirus, Adenovirus type 6 (HAdV-C6). HAdV-C6 possesses high oncolytic efficacy against multiple cancer types and remarkable ability to induce the immune response towards carrying antigens. Being genetically very close to HAdV-C5, HAdV-C6 differs from HAdV-C5 in structure of the most abundant capsid protein, hexon. This leads to the ability of HAdV-C6 to evade the uptake by Kupffer cells as well as to distinct opsonization by immunoglobulins and other blood proteins, influencing the overall biodistribution of HAdV-C6 after systemic administration. This review describes the structural features of HAdV-C6, its interaction with liver cells and blood factors, summarizes the previous experiences using HAdV-C6, and provides the rationale behind the use of HAdV-C6 for vaccine and anticancer drugs developments.
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5
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Robertson MG, Eidenschink BB, Iguchi E, Zakharkin SO, LaRocca CJ, Tolosa EJ, Truty MJ, Jacobsen K, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Davydova J. Cancer imaging and therapy utilizing a novel NIS-expressing adenovirus: The role of adenovirus death protein deletion. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:659-668. [PMID: 33816784 PMCID: PMC7985464 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Encoding the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) by an adenovirus (Ad) is a promising strategy to facilitate non-invasive imaging and radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer. However, insufficient levels of NIS expression in tumor cells have limited its clinical translation. To optimize Ad-based radiotherapy and imaging, we investigated the effect of Ad death protein (ADP) deletion on NIS expression. We cloned two sets of oncolytic NIS-expressing Ads that differed only in the presence or absence of ADP. We found that ADP expression negatively affected NIS membrane localization and inhibited radiotracer uptake. ADP deletion significantly improved NIS-based imaging in pancreatic cancer models including patient-derived xenografts, where effective imaging was possible for up to 6 weeks after a single virus injection. This study demonstrates that improved oncolysis may hinder the therapeutic effect of oncolytic viruses designed to express NIS. In vivo studies in combination with 131I showed potential for effective radiotherapy. This also highlights the need for further investigation into optimal timing of 131I administration and suggests that repeated doses of 131I should be considered to improve efficacy in clinical trials. We conclude that ADP deletion is essential for effective NIS-based theranostics in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Bruce Eidenschink
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Missouri at Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Eriko Iguchi
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Ezequiel J Tolosa
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kari Jacobsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Martin E Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julia Davydova
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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6
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Wu H, Mei YF. An oncolytic adenovirus 11p vector expressing adenovirus death protein in the E1 region showed significant apoptosis and tumour-killing ability in metastatic prostate cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1957-1974. [PMID: 30956777 PMCID: PMC6443017 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The usefulness for cancer therapy of replication-competent adenoviral vectors expressing therapeutic genes from the E3 region has been evaluated, but few reports have described replication-competent adenoviruses with insertions at the E1 region in the full viral genome. We investigated in different prostate cancer cells the oncolytic efficacy of the replication-competent adenovirus 11p vectors expressing adenovirus death (RCAd11pADP) and red fluorescence (RCAd11pRFP) proteins from the upstream E1 region. ADP/RFP gene expression was 2-3 logs higher in PC3 and DU145 cells than in LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells. E1A protein expression in PC3 and DU145 cells was notably increased after infection with the RCAd11pADP or RCAd11pRFP vector compared with the Ad11pwt virus. Toxicity assays revealed 2-5-fold greater oncolytic effects of RCAd11pADP compared to Ad11pwt. Although all three viruses suppressed subcutaneous PC3 tumour growth in nude mice, RCAd11pRFP had greater oncolytic effects than did the Ad11pwt virus, and RCAd11pADP exhibited significant anti-tumour effects via apoptosis in a xenograft model. Interestingly, the apoptosis triggered by RCAd11pADP was markedly enhanced in comparison to that by the vector expressing ADP from E3 region. Taken together, our findings suggest that RCAd11pADP can potentially be used for the treatment of prostate metastases in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ya-Fang Mei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Wu ZJ, Tang FR, Ma ZW, Peng XC, Xiang Y, Zhang Y, Kang J, Ji J, Liu XQ, Wang XW, Xin HW, Ren BX. Oncolytic Viruses for Tumor Precision Imaging and Radiotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:204-222. [PMID: 29179583 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2003 in China, Peng et al. invented the recombinant adenovirus expressing p53 (Gendicine) for clinical tumor virotherapy. This was the first clinically approved gene therapy and tumor virotherapy drug in the world. An oncolytic herpes simplex virus expressing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Talimogene laherparepvec) was approved for melanoma treatment in the United States in 2015. Since then, oncolytic viruses have been attracting more and more attention in the field of oncology, and may become novel significant modalities of tumor precision imaging and radiotherapy after further improvement. Oncolytic viruses carrying reporter genes can replicate and express genes of interest selectively in tumor cells, thus improving in vivo noninvasive precision molecular imaging and radiotherapy. Here, the latest developments and molecular mechanisms of tumor imaging and radiotherapy using oncolytic viruses are reviewed, and perspectives are given for further research. Various types of tumors are discussed, and special attention is paid to gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi J Wu
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Feng R Tang
- 4 Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore , Create Tower, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Wu Ma
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- 5 Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine , Guangzhou, China .,6 School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Kang
- 7 The Navy General Hospital Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center , Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- 8 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Q Liu
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- 1 Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
| | - Bo X Ren
- 2 Department of Medical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China .,3 The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yangtze University , Jingzhou, China
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8
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Panek WK, Kane JR, Young JS, Rashidi A, Kim JW, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS. Hitting the nail on the head: combining oncolytic adenovirus-mediated virotherapy and immunomodulation for the treatment of glioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89391-89405. [PMID: 29179527 PMCID: PMC5687697 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis and the median survival 14.6 months. Immunomodulatory proteins and oncolytic viruses represent two treatment approaches that have recently been developed for patients with glioblastoma that could extend patient survival and result in better treatment outcomes for patients with this disease. Together, these approaches could potentially augment the treatment efficacy and strength of these anti-tumor therapies. In addition to oncolytic activities, this combinatory approach introduces immunomodulation locally only where cancerous cells are present. This thereby results in the change of the tumor microenvironment from immune-suppressive to immune-vulnerable via activation of cytotoxic T cells or through the removal of glioma cells immune-suppressive capability. This review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of adenoviral oncolytic therapy, and highlights the genetic modifications that result in more effective and targeted viral agents. Additionally, the mechanism of action of immune-activating agents is described and the results of previous clinical trials utilizing these treatments in other solid tumors are reviewed. The feasibility, synergy, and limitations for treatments that combine these two approaches are outlined and areas for which more work is needed are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Julius W Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Chira S, Jackson CS, Oprea I, Ozturk F, Pepper MS, Diaconu I, Braicu C, Raduly LZ, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Progresses towards safe and efficient gene therapy vectors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30675-703. [PMID: 26362400 PMCID: PMC4741561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of genetic engineering at the beginning of the 1970′s opened the era of biomedical technologies, which aims to improve human health using genetic manipulation techniques in a clinical context. Gene therapy represents an innovating and appealing strategy for treatment of human diseases, which utilizes vehicles or vectors for delivering therapeutic genes into the patients' body. However, a few past unsuccessful events that negatively marked the beginning of gene therapy resulted in the need for further studies regarding the design and biology of gene therapy vectors, so that this innovating treatment approach can successfully move from bench to bedside. In this paper, we review the major gene delivery vectors and recent improvements made in their design meant to overcome the issues that commonly arise with the use of gene therapy vectors. At the end of the manuscript, we summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of common gene therapy vectors and we discuss possible future directions for potential therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Carlo S Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Iulian Oprea
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferhat Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canik Başari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos-Zsolt Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Abstract
Introduction: Oncolytic viruses are experimental cancer therapies being translated to the clinic. They are unique in their ability to amplify within the body, therefore requiring careful monitoring of viral replication and biodistribution. Traditional monitoring strategies fail to recapitulate the dynamic nature of oncolytic virotherapy. Consequently, clinically relevant, noninvasive, high resolution strategies are needed to effectively track virotherapy in real time. Areas covered: The expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) reporter gene is tightly coupled to viral genome replication and mediates radioisotope concentration, allowing noninvasive molecular nuclear imaging of active viral infection with high resolution. This provides insight into replication kinetics, biodistribution, the impact of vector design, administration, and dosing on therapeutic outcomes, and highlights the heterogeneity of spatial distribution and temporal evolution of infection. NIS-mediated imaging in clinical trials confirms the feasibility of this technology to noninvasively and longitudinally observe oncolytic virus infection, replication, and distribution. Expert opinion: NIS-mediated imaging provides detailed functional and molecular information on the evolution of oncolytic virus infection in living animals. The use of NIS reporter gene imaging has rapidly advanced to provide unparalleled insight into the spatial and temporal context of oncolytic infection which will be integral to optimization of oncolytic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Miller
- a Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA.,b Mayo Graduate School, Center for Clinical and Translational Science , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA
| | - Stephen J Russell
- a Mayo Clinic, Department of Molecular Medicine , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA.,c Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology , Rochester , MN 55905 , USA
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11
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Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Kim KH, Matthews QL, Krieger SS, Parry JJ, Nguyen KN, Akers WJ, Achilefu S, Rogers BE, Alvarez RD, Curiel DT. Monitoring of biodistribution and persistence of conditionally replicative adenovirus in a murine model of ovarian cancer using capsid-incorporated mCherry and expression of human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 gene. Mol Imaging 2014; 13:7290.2014.00024. [PMID: 25249483 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant limiting factor to the human clinical application of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd)-based virotherapy is the inability to noninvasively monitor these agents and their potential persistence. To address this issue, we proposed a novel imaging approach that combines transient expression of the human somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype 2 reporter gene with genetic labeling of the viral capsid with mCherry fluorescent protein. To test this dual modality system, we constructed the Ad5/3Δ24pIXcherry/SSTR CRAd and validated its capacity to generate fluorescent and nuclear signals in vitro and following intratumoral injection. Analysis of 64Cu-CB-TE2A-Y3-TATE biodistribution in mice revealed reduced uptake in tumors injected with the imaging CRAd relative to the replication-incompetent, Ad-expressing SSTR2 but significantly greater uptake compared to the negative CRAd control. Optical imaging demonstrated relative correlation of fluorescent signal with virus replication as determined by viral genome quantification in tumors. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography studies demonstrated that we can visualize radioactive uptake in tumors injected with imaging CRAd and the trend for greater uptake by standardized uptake value analysis compared to control CRAd. In the aggregate, the plasticity of our dual imaging approach should provide the technical basis for monitoring CRAd biodistribution and persistence in preclinical studies while offering potential utility for a range of clinical applications.
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12
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Kimura J, Ono HA, Kosaka T, Nagashima Y, Hirai S, Ohno S, Aoki K, Julia D, Yamamoto M, Kunisaki C, Endo I. Conditionally replicative adenoviral vectors for imaging the effect of chemotherapy on pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:1083-90. [PMID: 23679574 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis after complete macroscopic resection combined with chemotherapy. Even after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, R0 resection is often not possible. Moreover, current imaging techniques cannot reliably distinguish viable cancer cells from scar tissue at the resectional margin. We investigated the use of a conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd), Ad5/3Cox2CRAd-ΔE3ADP-Luc, for imaging the effects of chemotherapy. The CRAd infectivity of pancreatic cancer cells was enhanced by a chimeric Ad5/3 fiber, E1A expression was under the control of the Cox2 promoter, and the luciferase gene was inserted adjacent to the adenovirus death protein (ADP) gene. Subcutaneous xenografts of the pancreatic cancer cell line MiaPaCa-2 were established in 24 BALB/c nu/nu mice. When xenografts reached a diameter of 4-6 mm (day 1), the mice were injected i.p. with either PBS (group A; n = 12) or 1000 mg/kg gemcitabine (group B; n = 12), weekly. On days 19, 26, 33, and 40, CRAd were injected intratumorally into three mice in groups A and B. Bioluminescence was imaged 72 h after CRAd injection, and gross tumor volumes were measured then tumors were removed for ex vivo histopathology using H&E and Ki-67 staining. Correlations between gross tumor volume, pathological evaluation of the percentage of viable tumor area, and CRAd bioluminescence were analyzed. Bioluminescence correlated closely with the percentage of viable tumor area (R = 0.96), but not with gross tumor volume (R = 0.31). Therefore, CRAds might be reliable imaging tools for monitoring chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer, and could improve our ability to distinguish viable tumor cells from scar tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kimura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-city University, Yokohama, Japan
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13
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Effect of increased viral replication and infectivity enhancement on radioiodide uptake and oncolytic activity of adenovirus vectors expressing the sodium iodide symporter. Cancer Gene Ther 2013; 20:195-200. [PMID: 23412431 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory has investigated replicating adenovirus-human sodium iodide symporter (Ad-hNIS) vectors in a combinatorial oncolytic approach known as radiovirotherapy. However, hNIS-mediated iodide sequestration requires an intact cell membrane, and the enhancement of infectivity may alter the radioiodide accumulation in vivo. To assess these effects, we constructed Ad-NIS vectors expressing NIS from the major late promoter. Viral tropism was altered using a hybrid Ad5/3 fiber, and rates of viral spread altered through expression of the Ad death protein (ADP). The hybrid 5/3 fiber enhanced Ad-mediated cytolysis and radioisotope uptake in vitro. Replicating ADP-lacking viral vectors showed levels of uptake similar to non-replicating vectors that declined as cells lysed. ADP expression enhanced the rate of cell lysis and viral release, but reduced the peak and duration of radioiodide uptake. SPECT-computed tomography imaging showed the Ad5/3-noADP-hNIS vector induced significantly more isotope uptake than other vector structures, indicating that viral spread may not always make up for the reduced NIS expression as in our work with prostate cancer. These results indicate that replicating, infectivity-enhanced Ad-NIS vectors provide superior overall efficacy, but also indicate that the effect of replication speed requires tumor and model-specific testing.
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