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Scalable Cardiac Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Specific Growth Factors and Small Molecules. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 163:39-69. [PMID: 29071404 DOI: 10.1007/10_2017_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The envisioned routine application of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) for therapies and industry-compliant screening approaches will require efficient and highly reproducible processes for the mass production of well-characterized CM batches.On their way toward beating CMs, hPSCs initially undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition into a primitive-streak (PS)-like population that later gives rise to all endodermal and mesodermal lineages, including cardiovascular progenies (CVPs). CVPs are multipotent and possess the capability to give rise to all major cell types of the heart, including CMs, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells. This article provides an historical overview and describes the stepwise development of protocols that typically result in the appearance of beating CMs within 7-12 days of hPSC differentiation.We describe the development of directed and closely controlled cardiomyogenic differentiation, which now enables the induction of >90% CM purity without further lineage enrichment. Although secreted lineage specifiers (revealed from developmental biology) were initially used, we outline the advantages of chemical pathway modulators, as defined by more recent screening approaches. Subsequently, we discuss the use of defined culture media for upscaling the production of hPSC-CMs in controlled bioreactors and how this, in principle, unlimited source of human CMs can be used to progress heart regeneration and stimulate the drug discovery pipeline. Graphical Abstract.
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Ottersbach A, Mykhaylyk O, Heidsieck A, Eberbeck D, Rieck S, Zimmermann K, Breitbach M, Engelbrecht B, Brügmann T, Hesse M, Welz A, Sasse P, Wenzel D, Plank C, Gleich B, Hölzel M, Bloch W, Pfeifer A, Fleischmann BK, Roell W. Improved heart repair upon myocardial infarction: Combination of magnetic nanoparticles and tailored magnets strongly increases engraftment of myocytes. Biomaterials 2017; 155:176-190. [PMID: 29179133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell replacement in the heart is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of post-infarct heart failure. Direct intramyocardial injection of cells proved to be the most effective application route, however, engraftment rates are very low (<5%) strongly hampering its efficacy. Herein we combine magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) loading of EGFP labeled embryonic cardiomyocytes (eCM) and embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ES-CM) with application of custom designed magnets to enhance their short and long-term engraftment. To optimize cellular MNP uptake and magnetic force within the infarct area, first numerical simulations and experiments were performed in vitro. All tested cell types could be loaded efficiently with SOMag5-MNP (200 pg/cell) without toxic side effects. Application of a 1.3 T magnet at 5 mm distance from the heart for 10 min enhanced engraftment of both eCM and ES-CM by approximately 7 fold at 2 weeks and 3.4 fold (eCM) at 8 weeks after treatment respectively and also strongly improved left ventricular function at all time points. As underlying mechanisms we found that application of the magnetic field prevented the initial dramatic loss of cells via the injection channel. In addition, grafted eCM displayed higher proliferation and lower apoptosis rates. Electron microscopy revealed better differentiation of engrafted eCM, formation of cell to cell contacts and more physiological matrix formation in magnet-treated grafts. These results were corroborated by gene expression data. Thus, combination of MNP-loaded cells and magnet-application strongly increases long-term engraftment of cells addressing a major shortcoming of cardiomyoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Ottersbach
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/ Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Alexandra Heidsieck
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IME.TUM), Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Dietmar Eberbeck
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Breitbach
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Britta Engelbrecht
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Brügmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Armin Welz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/ Experimental Oncology, Klinikum München rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Gleich
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IME.TUM), Boltzmannstr. 11, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Roell
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Sigmund Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Resveratrol Enhances Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells through Inhibiting Canonical WNT Signal Pathway and Enhancing Serum Response Factor-miR-1 Axis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:2524092. [PMID: 26798354 PMCID: PMC4699094 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2524092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) (RSV) is a natural polyphenol with protective effects over cardiac tissues and can affect cell survival and differentiation in cardiac stem cells transplantation. However, whether this agent can affect cardiomyocytes (CMs) differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is not yet clear. This study explored whether RSV can affect CMs differentiation of human iPSCs. Under embryoid bodies (EBs) condition, the effect of RSV on the change of pluripotent markers, endoderm markers, mesoderm markers, and ectoderm markers was measured using qRT-PCR. Under CM differentiation culture, the effect of RSV on CM specific markers was also measured. The regulative role of RSV over canonical Wnt signal pathway and serum response factor- (SRF-) miR-1 axis and the functions of these two axes were further studied. Results showed that RSV had no effect on the self-renewal of human iPSCs but could promote mesoderm differentiation. Under CM differentiation culture, RSV could promote CM differentiation of human iPSCs through suppressing canonical Wnt signal pathway and enhancing SRF-miR-1 axis.
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