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Rubini D, Gagliardi F, Menditti VS, D’Ambrosio L, Gallo P, D’Onofrio I, Pisani AR, Sardaro A, Rubini G, Cappabianca S, Nardone V, Reginelli A. Genetic profiling in radiotherapy: a comprehensive review. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1337815. [PMID: 39132508 PMCID: PMC11310144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1337815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the pivotal role of radiotherapy in cancer treatment, emphasizing the diverse applications of genetic profiling. The review highlights genetic markers for predicting radiation toxicity, enabling personalized treatment planning. It delves into the impact of genetic profiling on radiotherapy strategies across various cancer types, discussing research findings related to treatment response, prognosis, and therapeutic resistance. The integration of genetic profiling is shown to transform cancer treatment paradigms, offering insights into personalized radiotherapy regimens and guiding decisions in cases where standard protocols may fall short. Ultimately, the review underscores the potential of genetic profiling to enhance patient outcomes and advance precision medicine in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Rubini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Federico Gagliardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida D’Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Sardaro
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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Wang T, Qian L, Zhang P, Du M, Wu J, Peng F, Yao C, Yin R, Yin L, He X. GINS2 promotes the progression of human HNSCC by altering RRM2 expression. Cancer Biomark 2024; 40:171-184. [PMID: 38517779 PMCID: PMC11307040 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GINS2 exerts a carcinogenic effect in multiple human malignancies, while it is still unclear that the potential roles and underlying mechanisms of GINS2 in HNSCC. METHODS TCGA database was used to screen out genes with significant differences in expression in HNSCC. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of GINS2 in HNSCC tissues and cells. GINS2 was detected by qRT-PCR or western blot after knockdown or overexpression. Celigo cell counting, MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometric assay were used to check the ability of proliferation and apoptosis. Bioinformatics and microarray were used to screen out the downstream genes of GINS2. RESULTS GINS2 in HNSCC tissues and cells was up-regulated, which was correlated with poor prognosis. GINS2 gene expression was successfully inhibited and overexpressed in HNSCC cells. Knockdown of GINS2 could inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of GINS2 could enhance cell proliferation and colony formation. Knockdown of RRM2 may inhibit HNSCC cell proliferation, while overexpression of RRM2 rescued the effect of reducing GINS2 expression. CONCLUSION Our study reported the role of GINS2 in HNSCC for the first time. The results demonstrated that in HNSCC cells, GINS2 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis via altering RRM2 expression. Therefore, GINS2 might play a carcinogen in HNSCC, and become a specific promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luxi Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pingchuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyu Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengyun Yao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Incekara O, Acun T. DNAJC9 expression in basal-like and luminal A breast cancer subtypes predicts worse survival. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7275-7282. [PMID: 37422538 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08654-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the role of genetic/epigenetic alterations and the prognostic value of the DNAJC9 gene in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS RT-PCR and Q-RT-PCR methods are used to examine DNAJC9 expression in breast cell lines. Survival ratios of breast cancer patients were evaluated by using bc-GenExMiner. Combined bisulfite restriction analysis and UALCAN in-silico tool were used to assess the methylation level of the DNAJC9 promoter. Mutations were searched with the help of Sanger Cosmic database and direct sequencing. RESULTS DNAJC9 mRNA expression is significantly higher in basal-like, HER2-Enriched (HER2-E), luminal A and luminal B breast cancer subtypes compared to normal breast-like samples based on DNA microarray datasets (P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in RNA-seq datasets, except for the luminal A breast cancer subtype (P > 0.1). We did not find any mutation at the core promoter region of DNAJC9 in breast cancer and normal cell lines. Mutations of DNAJC9 are infrequent in clinical samples (<%1). DNAJC9 promoter region is hypomethylated in tumor and normal samples. DNAJC9 expression is unfavorable for survival in basal-like and luminal A breast cancer subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Mutations or promoter hypomethylation do not appear to have a role in high DNAJC9 gene expression in breast cancer. DNAJC9 expression could be suggested as a novel biomarker in basal-like and luminal A breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Incekara
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Tolga Acun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Pinarbasi-Degirmenci N, Sur-Erdem I, Akcay V, Bolukbasi Y, Selek U, Solaroglu I, Bagci-Onder T. Chronically Radiation-Exposed Survivor Glioblastoma Cells Display Poor Response to Chk1 Inhibition under Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137051. [PMID: 35806055 PMCID: PMC9266388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant primary brain tumor, and a cornerstone in its treatment is radiotherapy. However, tumor cells surviving after irradiation indicates treatment failure; therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms regulating radiotherapy response is of utmost importance. In this study, we generated clinically relevant irradiation-exposed models by applying fractionated radiotherapy over a long time and selecting irradiation-survivor (IR-Surv) glioblastoma cells. We examined the transcriptomic alterations, cell cycle and growth rate changes and responses to secondary radiotherapy and DNA damage response (DDR) modulators. Accordingly, IR-Surv cells exhibited slower growth and partly retained their ability to resist secondary irradiation. Concomitantly, IR-Surv cells upregulated the expression of DDR-related genes, such as CHK1, ATM, ATR, and MGMT, and had better DNA repair capacity. IR-Surv cells displayed downregulation of hypoxic signature and lower induction of hypoxia target genes, compared to naïve glioblastoma cells. Moreover, Chk1 inhibition alone or in combination with irradiation significantly reduced cell viability in both naïve and IR-Surv cells. However, IR-Surv cells’ response to Chk1 inhibition markedly decreased under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, we demonstrate the utility of combining DDR inhibitors and irradiation as a successful approach for both naïve and IR-Surv glioblastoma cells as long as cells are refrained from hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Pinarbasi-Degirmenci
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Ilknur Sur-Erdem
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
| | - Vuslat Akcay
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
| | - Yasemin Bolukbasi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ugur Selek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey; (Y.B.); (U.S.)
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ihsan Solaroglu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34450, Turkey; (N.P.-D.); (V.A.)
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (I.S.-E.); (T.B.-O.)
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Chen TW, Chang KP, Cheng CC, Chen CY, Hong SW, Sie ZL, Cheng HW, Yen WC, Huang Y, Liu SC, Wang CI. Characterization of Recurrent Relevant Genes Reveals a Novel Role of RPL36A in Radioresistant Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225623. [PMID: 34830778 PMCID: PMC8616119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radioresistance is one of the major factors contributing to radiotherapy failure in OSCC. By systematically comparing the prognostic values of all genes in TCGA-OSCC patients with and without radiotherapy, radioresistance-associated genes were identified. Higher RPL36A transcript levels were found to be associated with a poor prognosis only in OSCC patients with radiotherapy in the cohort of TCGA and another independent Taiwanese cohort. RPL36A was then shown to be involved in the regulation of DNA damage, cell cycle and apoptosis, leading to radioresistance. Thus, such integrated studies are expected to be greatly beneficial for the development of new therapeutic interventions for radioresistant OSCC in the future. Abstract Radioresistance is one of the major factors that contributes to radiotherapy failure in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). By comparing the prognostic values of 20,502 genes expressed in patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-OSCC cohort with (n = 162) and without radiotherapy (n = 118), herein identified 297 genes positively correlated with poor disease-free survival in OSCC patients with radiotherapy as the potential radioresistance-associated genes. Among the potential radioresistance-associated genes, 36 genes were upregulated in cancerous tissues relative to normal tissues. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that 60S ribosomal protein L36a (RPL36A) was the most frequently detected gene involved in radioresistance-associated gene-mediated biological pathways. Then, two independent cohorts (n = 162 and n = 136) were assessed to confirm that higher RPL36A transcript levels were significantly associated with a poor prognosis only in OSCC patients with radiotherapy. Mechanistically, we found that knockdown of RPL36A increased radiosensitivity via sensitizing cells to DNA damage and promoted G2/M cell cycle arrest followed by augmenting the irradiation-induced apoptosis pathway in OSCC cells. Taken together, our study supports the use of large-scale genomic data for identifying specific radioresistance-associated genes and suggests a regulatory role for RPL36A in the development of radioresistance in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wen Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-P.C.); (H.-W.C.); (W.-C.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Cheng
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Wen Hong
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Zong-Lin Sie
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (Z.-L.S.)
| | - Hsing-Wen Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-P.C.); (H.-W.C.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.-P.C.); (H.-W.C.); (W.-C.Y.)
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (C.-I.W.); Tel.: +886-3-4227151 (ext. 27754) (S.-C.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3032) (C.-I.W.)
| | - Chun-I Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (S.-W.H.); (Z.-L.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (C.-I.W.); Tel.: +886-3-4227151 (ext. 27754) (S.-C.L.); +886-3-2118800 (ext. 3032) (C.-I.W.)
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Yang H, Chen W, Ma J, Zhao J, Li D, Cao Y, Liu P. Silver Nanotriangles and Chemotherapeutics Synergistically Induce Apoptosis in Glioma Cells via a ROS-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:7791-7803. [PMID: 33116501 PMCID: PMC7567550 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s267120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The synergistic effect of nanomaterials and chemotherapeutics provides a novel strategy for the treatment of tumors. Silver nanotriangles (AgNTs) exhibited some unique properties in nanomedicine. Studies on the synergy of silver-based nanomaterials and anti-tumor drugs against gliomas are rare. Materials and Methods Chitosan-coated AgNTs were prepared, followed by characterization using transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The anti-glioma effect of cyclophosphamide (CTX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OXA), doxorubicin (DOX) or gemcitabine (GEM) combined with AgNTs in different glioma cell lines (U87, U251 and C6) was assessed by the MTT assay to screen out a drug with the most broad-spectrum and strongest synergistic anti-glioma activity. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The possible underlying mechanisms of the synergy were further investigated with ROS scavenger and specific inhibitors of C-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathways. Results The synthesized AgNTs were mainly triangular and truncated triangular with an average edge length of 125 nm. A synergistic anti-glioma effect of AgNTs combined with CTX was not observed, and the synergism between AgNTs and 5-FU was cell type-specific. AgNTs combined with OXA, DOX or GEM displayed synergistic effects in various glioma cell lines, and the combination of AgNTs and GEM showed the strongest synergistic activity. A decrease in cell viability, loss of the MMP and an increase in apoptosis rate induced by this synergy could be significantly attenuated by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine and JNK inhibitor SP600125. Conclusion Our results suggested that the combination of AgNTs and GEM possessed broad-spectrum and potent synergistic anti-glioma activity, resulting from cell apoptosis mediated by a ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway in which JNK might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiquan Yang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Radiotherapy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Li
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Cao
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Imani S, Deng Y, Pathak JL, Wen Q, Chen Y, Wu J. Targeting IFN/STAT1 Pathway as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Radioresistance. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6037-6050. [PMID: 32606809 PMCID: PMC7321691 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-mediated activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling is crucial for cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Several preclinical studies have reported that the IFN/STAT1 pathway mediates radioresistance in the tumor microenvironment by shielding the immune responses and activating survival signaling pathways. This review focuses on the oncogenic function of the IFN/STAT1 pathway, emphasizing the major signaling pathway in radiation sensitization. Furthermore, it highlights the possibility of mediatory roles of the IFN/STAT1 pathway as a prognostic therapeutic target in the modulation of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MicroRNA involved in the regulation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway is also discussed. A better understanding of radiation-induced IFN/STAT1 signaling will open new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as define new approaches to enhance radio-immunotherapy efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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