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Kupai A, Nakahara H, Voss KM, Hirano MS, Rodriguez A, Lackey DL, Murayama JF, Mathieson CJ, Shan B, Horton EC, Curtis GH, Huang J, Hille MB. Phosphorylation of serine residues S252, S268/S269, and S879 in p120 catenin activates migration of presomitic mesoderm in gastrulating zebrafish embryos. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1952-1967. [PMID: 35706088 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadherin-associated protein p120 catenin regulates cell adhesion and migration in cell cultures and is required for axial elongation in embryos. Its roles in adhesion and cell migration are regulated by phosphorylation. We determined the effects of phosphorylation of six serine and three threonine residues in p120 catenin during zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryogenesis. RESULTS We knocked down endogenous p120 catenin-δ1 with an antisense RNA-splice-site morpholino (Sp-MO) causing defects in axis elongation. These defects were rescued by co-injections of mRNAs for wildtype mouse p120 catenin-δ1-3A or various mutated forms. Several mRNAs containing serine or threonine codons singly or doubly mutated to phosphomimetic glutamic acid rescued, and some nonphosphorylatable mutants did not. CONCLUSIONS We discovered that phosphorylation of serine residue S252 or S879 is required for convergent extension of zebrafish embryos, since rescue occurred only when these residues were mutated to glutamic acid. In addition, the phosphorylation of either S268 or S269 is required, not both, consistent with the presence of only a single one of these residues in two isoforms of zebrafish and Xenopus laevis. In summary, phosphorylation of multiple serine and threonine residues of p120 catenin activates migration of presomitic mesoderm of zebrafish embryos facilitating elongation of the dorsal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Kupai
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroko Nakahara
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen M Voss
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew S Hirano
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alexis Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Apex Systems, Santa Clara, California, USA
| | - Donna L Lackey
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,PACT Pharma, 2 Corporate Drive, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James F Murayama
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,DDS Private Practice, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | - Chase J Mathieson
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Science, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Botao Shan
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emma C Horton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Grace H Curtis
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Merrill B Hille
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Seebach J, Klusmeier N, Schnittler H. Autoregulatory "Multitasking" at Endothelial Cell Junctions by Junction-Associated Intermittent Lamellipodia Controls Barrier Properties. Front Physiol 2021; 11:586921. [PMID: 33488392 PMCID: PMC7815704 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) junctions are key structures controlling tissue homeostasis in physiology. In the last three decades, excellent studies have addressed many aspects of this complex and highly dynamic regulation, including cell signaling, remodeling processes of the proteins of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and gap junctions, the cytoskeleton, and post-transcriptional modifications, transcriptional activation, and gene silencing. In this dynamic process, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) provides the core structure of EC junctions mediating the physical adhesion of cells as well as the control of barrier function and monolayer integrity via remodeling processes, regulation of protein expression and post-translational modifications. In recent years, research teams have documented locally restricted dynamics of EC junctions in which actin-driven protrusions in plasma membranes play a central role. In this regard, our research group showed that the dynamics of VE-cadherin is driven by small (1-5 μm) actin-mediated protrusions in plasma membranes that, due to this specific function, were named "junction-associated intermittent lamellipodia" (JAIL). JAIL form at overlapping, adjacent cells, and exactly at this site new VE-cadherin interactions occur, leading to new VE-cadherin adhesion sites, a process that restores weak or lost VE-cadherin adhesion. Mechanistically, JAIL formation occurs locally restricted (1-5 μm) and underlies autoregulation in which the local VE-cadherin concentration is an important parameter. A decrease in the local concentration of VE-cadherin stimulates JAIL formation, whereas an increase in the concentration of VE-cadherin blocks it. JAIL mediated VE-cadherin remodeling at the subjunctional level have been shown to be of crucial importance in angiogenesis, wound healing, and changes in permeability during inflammation. The concept of subjunctional regulation of EC junctions is strongly supported by permeability assays, which can be employed to quantify actin-driven subjunctional changes. In this brief review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge and concepts of subjunctional regulation in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Seebach
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Klusmeier
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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Brumbaugh K, Liao WC, Houchins JP, Cooper J, Stoesz S. Phosphosite-Specific Antibodies: A Brief Update on Generation and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1554:1-40. [PMID: 28185181 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6759-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate addition is a posttranslational modification of proteins, and this modification can affect the activity and other properties of intracellular proteins. Different animal species can be used to generate phosphosite-specific antibodies as either polyclonals or monoclonals, and each approach offers its own benefits and disadvantages. The validation of phosphosite-specific antibodies requires multiple techniques and tactics to demonstrate their specificity. These antibodies can be used in arrays, flow cytometry, and imaging platforms. The specificity of phosphosite-specific antibodies is vital for their use in proteomics and profiling of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Brumbaugh
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA.
| | - Wen-Chie Liao
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - J P Houchins
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - Jeff Cooper
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
| | - Steve Stoesz
- Bio-Techne, Inc., 614 McKinley Place NE, Minneapolis, MN, 55413, USA
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4
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Hong JY, Oh IH, McCrea PD. Phosphorylation and isoform use in p120-catenin during development and tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:102-14. [PMID: 26477567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
P120-catenin is essential to vertebrate development, modulating cadherin and small-GTPase functions, and growing evidence points also to roles in the nucleus. A complexity in addressing p120-catenin's functions is its many isoforms, including optional splicing events, alternative points of translational initiation, and secondary modifications. In this review, we focus upon how choices in the initiation of protein translation, or the earlier splicing of the RNA transcript, relates to primary sequences that harbor established or putative regulatory phosphorylation sites. While certain p120 phosphorylation events arise via known kinases/phosphatases and have defined outcomes, in most cases the functional consequences are still to be established. In this review, we provide examples of p120-isoforms as they relate to phosphorylation events, and thereby to isoform dependent protein-protein associations and downstream functions. We also provide a view of upstream pathways that determine p120's phosphorylation state, and that have an impact upon development and disease. Because other members of the p120 subfamily undergo similar processing and phosphorylation, as well as related catenins of the plakophilin subfamily, what is learned regarding p120 will by extension have wide relevance in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- The Catholic University of Korea, Catholic High Performance Cell Therapy Center, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Vandenbroucke St Amant E, Tauseef M, Vogel SM, Gao XP, Mehta D, Komarova YA, Malik AB. PKCα activation of p120-catenin serine 879 phospho-switch disassembles VE-cadherin junctions and disrupts vascular integrity. Circ Res 2012; 111:739-49. [PMID: 22798526 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.269654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adherens junctions (AJs) are the primary intercellular junctions in microvessels responsible for endothelial barrier function. Homophilic adhesion of vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin forms AJs, which are stabilized by binding of p120-catenin (p120). p120 dissociation from VE-cadherin results in loss of VE-cadherin homotypic interaction and AJ disassembly; however, the signaling mechanisms regulating p120 dissociation from VE-cadherin are not understood. OBJECTIVE To address the mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC)-α function in increasing endothelial permeability, we determined the role of PKCα phosphorylation of p120 in mediating disruption of AJ integrity. METHODS AND RESULTS We showed that PKCα phosphorylation of p120 at serine (S)879 in response to thrombin or lipopolysaccharide challenge reduced p120 binding affinity for VE-cadherin and mediated AJ disassembly secondary to VE-cadherin internalization. In studies in mouse lung vessels, expression of the phosphodeficient S879A-p120 mutant prevented the increase in vascular permeability induced by activation of the thrombin receptor PAR-1. CONCLUSIONS PKCα phosphorylation of p120 at S879 is a critical phospho-switch mediating disassociation of p120 from VE-cadherin that results in AJ disassembly. Therefore, blocking PKCα-mediated p120 phosphorylation represents a novel targeted anti-inflammatory strategy to prevent disruption of vascular endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vandenbroucke St Amant
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 835 S Wolcott Ave, M/C 86, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Brumbaugh K, Johnson W, Liao WC, Lin MS, Houchins JP, Cooper J, Stoesz S, Campos-Gonzalez R. Overview of the generation, validation, and application of phosphosite-specific antibodies. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 717:3-43. [PMID: 21370022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-024-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a universal key posttranslational modification that affects the activity and other properties of intracellular proteins. Phosphosite-specific antibodies can be produced as polyclonals or monoclonals in different animal species, and each approach offers its own benefits and disadvantages. The validation of phosphosite-specific antibodies requires multiple techniques and tactics to demonstrate their specificity. These antibodies can be used in arrays, flow cytometry, and imaging platforms. The specificity of phosphosite-specific antibodies is key for their use in proteomics and profiling of disease.
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8
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PDGF receptor activation induces p120-catenin phosphorylation at serine 879 via a PKCalpha-dependent pathway. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:39-49. [PMID: 18950621 PMCID: PMC2925109 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2008.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
p120-catenin (p120) is required for cadherin stability and is thought to have a central role in modulating cell-cell adhesion. Several lines of evidence suggest that S/T phosphorylation may regulate p120 activity, but the upstream kinases involved have not been established, nor has a discreet measurable function been assigned to an individual site. To approach these issues, we have generated p120 phospho-specific monoclonal antibodies to several individual phosphorylation sites and are using them to pinpoint upstream kinases and signaling pathways that control p120 activity. Protein Kinase C (PKC) has been implicated as a signaling intermediate in several cadherin-associated cellular activities. Signaling events that activate PKC induce rapid phosphorylation at p120 Serine 879 (S879), suggesting that p120 activity is regulated, in part, by one or more PKC isoforms. Here, we find that physiologic activation of a G-protein coupled receptor (i.e., endothelin receptor), as well as several Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, induce rapid and robust p120 phosphorylation at S879, suggesting that these pathways crosstalk to cadherin complexes via p120. Using Va2 cells and PDGF stimulation, we show for the first time that PDGFR-mediated phosphorylation at this site is dependent on PKCalpha, a conventional PKC isoform implicated previously in disruption of adherens junctions.
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