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Lazar J, Antal-Szalmas P, Kurucz I, Ferenczi A, Jozsi M, Tornyi I, Muller M, Fekete JT, Lamont J, FitzGerald P, Gall-Debreceni A, Kadas J, Vida A, Tardieu N, Kieffer Y, Jullien A, Guergova-Kuras M, Hempel W, Kovacs A, Kardos T, Bittner N, Csanky E, Szilasi M, Losonczy G, Szondy K, Galffy G, Csada E, Szalontai K, Somfay A, Malka D, Cottu P, Bogos K, Takacs L. Large-Scale Plasma Proteome Epitome Profiling is an Efficient Tool for the Discovery of Cancer Biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100580. [PMID: 37211046 PMCID: PMC10319867 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Current proteomic technologies focus on the quantification of protein levels, while little effort is dedicated to the development of system approaches to simultaneously monitor proteome variability and abundance. Protein variants may display different immunogenic epitopes detectable by monoclonal antibodies. Epitope variability results from alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications, processing, degradation, and complex formation and possesses dynamically changing availability of interacting surface structures that frequently serve as reachable epitopes and often carry different functions. Thus, it is highly likely that the presence of some of the accessible epitopes correlates with function under physiological and pathological conditions. To enable the exploration of the impact of protein variation on the immunogenic epitome first, here, we present a robust and analytically validated PEP technology for characterizing immunogenic epitopes of the plasma. To this end, we prepared mAb libraries directed against the normalized human plasma proteome as a complex natural immunogen. Antibody producing hybridomas were selected and cloned. Monoclonal antibodies react with single epitopes, thus profiling with the libraries is expected to profile many epitopes which we define by the mimotopes, as we present here. Screening blood plasma samples from control subjects (n = 558) and cancer patients (n = 598) for merely 69 native epitopes displayed by 20 abundant plasma proteins resulted in distinct cancer-specific epitope panels that showed high accuracy (AUC 0.826-0.966) and specificity for lung, breast, and colon cancer. Deeper profiling (≈290 epitopes of approximately 100 proteins) showed unexpected granularity of the epitope-level expression data and detected neutral and lung cancer-associated epitopes of individual proteins. Biomarker epitope panels selected from a pool of 21 epitopes of 12 proteins were validated in independent clinical cohorts. The results demonstrate the value of PEP as a rich and thus far unexplored source of protein biomarkers with diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Lazar
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary; Biosystems Immunolab Zrt., Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Peter Antal-Szalmas
- Biosystems Immunolab Zrt., Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Kurucz
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary; Biosystems Immunolab Zrt., Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - Mihaly Jozsi
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Complement Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Tornyi
- Biosystems Immunolab Zrt., Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - John Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Janos Kadas
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Vida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tamas Kardos
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Bittner
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Csanky
- Department of Pulmonology, Miskolc Semmelweis Hospital and University Hospital, Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Maria Szilasi
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klara Szondy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Galffy
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Csada
- Csongrád County Hospital of Chest Diseases, Deszk, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Somfay
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Deszk, Hungary
| | - David Malka
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Cottu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Krisztina Bogos
- National Koranyi Institute for Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Takacs
- Biosystems International Kft., Debrecen, Hungary; Biosystems Immunolab Zrt., Debrecen, Hungary; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Biosystems International SAS, Evry, France.
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Lischke T, Hegemann A, Gurka S, Vu Van D, Burmeister Y, Lam KP, Kershaw O, Mollenkopf HJ, Mages HW, Hutloff A, Kroczek RA. Comprehensive analysis of CD4+ T cells in the decision between tolerance and immunity in vivo reveals a pivotal role for ICOS. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:234-44. [PMID: 22661090 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have established a comprehensive in vivo mouse model for the CD4(+) T cell response to an "innocuous" versus "dangerous" exogenous Ag and developed an in vivo test for tolerance. In this model, specific gene-expression signatures, distinctive upregulation of early T cell-communication molecules, and differential expansion of effector T cells (Teff) and regulatory T cells (Treg) were identified as central correlates of T cell tolerance and T cell immunity. Different from essentially all other T cell-activation molecules, ICOS was found to be induced in the immunity response and not by T cells activated under tolerogenic conditions. If expressed, ICOS did not act as a general T cell costimulator but selectively caused a massive expansion of effector CD4(+) T cells, leaving the regulatory CD4(+) T cell compartment largely undisturbed. Thus, ICOS strongly contributed to the dramatic change in the balance between Ag-specific Teff and Treg from ∼1:1 at steady state to 21:1 at the height of the immune response. This newly defined role for the balance of Teff to Treg, together with its known key function in T cell help for B cells, establishes ICOS as a central mediator of immunity. Given its exceptionally selective induction on CD4(+) T cells under inflammatory, but not tolerogenic, conditions, ICOS emerges as a pivotal effector molecule in the early decision between tolerance and immunity to exogenous Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Lischke
- Molecular Immunology, Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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