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Fang M, Yu Z, Zhang W, Cao J, Liu W. Friction coefficient calibration of corn stalk particle mixtures using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Al-Zube LA, Robertson DJ, Edwards JN, Sun W, Cook DD. Measuring the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:99. [PMID: 29151845 PMCID: PMC5680773 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compressional modulus of elasticity is an important mechanical property for understanding stalk lodging, but this property is rarely available for thin-walled plant stems such as maize and sorghum because excised tissue samples from these plants are highly susceptible to buckling. The purpose of this study was to develop a testing protocol that provides accurate and reliable measurements of the compressive modulus of elasticity of the rind of pith-filled plant stems. The general approach was to relying upon standard methods and practices as much as possible, while developing new techniques as necessary. RESULTS Two methods were developed for measuring the compressional modulus of elasticity of pith-filled node-node specimens. Both methods had an average repeatability of ± 4%. The use of natural plant morphology and architecture was used to avoid buckling failure. Both methods relied up on spherical compression platens to accommodate inaccuracies in sample preparation. The effect of sample position within the test fixture was quantified to ensure that sample placement did not introduce systematic errors. CONCLUSIONS Reliable measurements of the compressive modulus of elasticity of pith-filled plant stems can be performed using the testing protocols presented in this study. Recommendations for future studies were also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loay A. Al-Zube
- Division of Engineering, New York University-Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
| | - Daniel J. Robertson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, MS 0902, Moscow, Idaho 83844-0902 USA
| | - Jean N. Edwards
- Division of Engineering, New York University-Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wenhuan Sun
- Division of Engineering, New York University-Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Douglas D. Cook
- Division of Engineering, New York University-Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Sun L, Singh S, Joo M, Vega-Sanchez M, Ronald P, Simmons BA, Adams P, Auer M. Non-invasive imaging of cellulose microfibril orientation within plant cell walls by polarized Raman microspectroscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:82-90. [PMID: 26137889 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose microfibrils represent the major scaffold of plant cell walls. Different packing and orientation of the microfibrils at the microscopic scale determines the macroscopic properties of cell walls and thus affect their functions with a profound effect on plant survival. We developed a polarized Raman microspectroscopic method to determine cellulose microfibril orientation within rice plant cell walls. Employing an array of point measurements as well as area imaging and subsequent Matlab-assisted data processing, we were able to characterize the distribution of cellulose microfibril orientation in terms of director angle and anisotropy magnitude. Using this approach we detected differences between wild type rice plants and the rice brittle culm mutant, which shows a more disordered cellulose microfibril arrangement, and differences between different tissues of a wild type rice plant. This novel non-invasive Raman imaging approach allows for quantitative assessment of cellulose fiber orientation in cell walls of herbaceous plants, an important advancement in cell wall characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Sun
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Michael Joo
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Miguel Vega-Sanchez
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | - Pamela Ronald
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Biological and Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National laboratories, Livermore, California
| | - Paul Adams
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California.,Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Manfred Auer
- Technology Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, California. .,Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720.
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