1
|
Degalactotigonin, a Steroidal Glycoside from Solanum nigrum, Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest via Inhibiting the EGFR Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3120972. [PMID: 30643798 PMCID: PMC6311251 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Degalactotigonin (1) and three other steroidal compounds solasodine (2), O-acetyl solasodine (3), and soladulcoside A (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum, and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against human pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC1 and MIA-PaCa2) and lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H1975, and NCI-H1299). Only degalactotigonin (1) showed potent cytotoxicity against these cancer cell lines. Compound 1 induced apoptosis in PANC1 and A549 cells. Further study on its mechanism of action in PANC1 cells demonstrated that 1 significantly inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and migration in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of PANC1 cells with degalactotigonin induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Compound 1 induced downregulation of cyclin D1 and upregulation of p21 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and inhibited EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, as well as activation of EGFR downstream signaling molecules such as Akt and ERK.
Collapse
|
2
|
Särkinen T, Poczai P, Barboza GE, van der Weerden GM, Baden M, Knapp S. A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2018; 106:1-223. [PMID: 30072843 PMCID: PMC6070582 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or "Maurella" (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within Solanum L. The pantropical clade consists of 75 currently recognised non-spiny herbaceous and suffrutescent species with simple or branched hairs with or without glandular tips, with a centre of distribution in the tropical Andes. A secondary centre of diversity is found in Africa, where a set of mainly polyploid taxa occur. A yet smaller set of species is found in Australasia and Europe, including Solanum nigrum L., the type of the genus Solanum. Due to the large number of published synonyms, combined with complex morphological variation, our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has remained poor despite detailed morphological studies carried out in conjunction with breeding experiments. Here we provide the first taxonomic overview since the 19th century of the entire group in the Old World, including Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific. Complete synonymy, morphological descriptions, distribution maps and common names and uses are provided for all 19 species occurring outside the Americas (i.e. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and islands of the Pacific). We treat 12 species native to the Old World, as well as 7 taxa that are putatively introduced and/or invasive in the region. The current knowledge of the origin of the polyploid species is summarised. A key to all of the species occurring in the Old World is provided, together with line drawings and colour figures to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field. Preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Särkinen
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Poczai
- Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gloria E. Barboza
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerard M. van der Weerden
- Experimental Garden, Radboud University, Faculty of Science Box 49, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Baden
- Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee WW, Kim WS, Ahn G, Kim KN, Heo SJ, Cho M, Fernando IPS, Kang N, Jeon YJ. Separation of glycine-rich proteins from sea hare eggs and their anti-cancer activity against U937 leukemia cell line. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:329-42. [PMID: 27366143 PMCID: PMC4928013 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sea hare eggs (SE) in U937 cells and its major active components. The aqueous extract of SE (ASE), which contained the highest protein content, dose-dependently inhibited the cancer cell's growth (IC50 value, 10.42 ± 0.5 µg/mL). Additionally, ASE markedly caused DNA damage by inducing apoptotic body formation, DNA fragmentation, and accumulation of sub-G1 DNA contents. ASE induced apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and 9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) by regulating the expression of Bcl-2/Bax. Moreover, among its molecular weight fractions, the > 30 kDa fraction showed the highest cell-growth-inhibitory effects, which was inhibited by heat treatment. Furthermore, the > 30 kDa fraction had markedly higher glycine content than the ASE. The presence of two protein bands at around 16 and 32 kDa was identified. In addition, two fractions, F1 and F2, were obtained using anion-exchange chromatography, with the F1 having an improved cell-growth-inhibitory effect than the > 30 kDa fraction. Taken together, these results suggest that the ASE contains glycine-rich proteins, including the active 16 and 32 kDa proteins, which account for its anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis via regulation of the mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Woo Lee
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suck Kim
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Global Bioresources Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonjae Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - I P Shanura Fernando
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Nalae Kang
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li N, Cao L, Wang YR, Tao XQ, Ding G, Wang ZZ, Xiao W. Induction of Solasonine on Apoptosis of Human Breast Cancer Bcap-37 Cells through Mitochondria-Mediated Pathway. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(16)60026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
5
|
Yuan HL, Liu XL, Dai QC, Song H. Exogenous natural glycoprotein multiple mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:1331-6. [PMID: 25743794 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.4.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural glycoproteins can induce apoptosis of tumor cells and exert anti-tumor activity by immunomodulatory functions, cytotoxic and anti-inflammation effects, and inhibition of endothelial growth factor. Given their prospects as novel agents, sources of natural antitumor glycoproteins have attracted attention and new research directions in glycoprotein biology are gradually shifting to the direction of cancer treatment and prevention of neoplastic disease. In this review, we summarize the latest findings with regard to the tumor suppressor signature of glycoproteins and underlying regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Liang Yuan
- Harbin Commercial University Life Science and Environmental Science Research Center, Harbin, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
NAWAB AKBAR, THAKUR VIJAYS, YUNUS MOHAMMAD, MAHDI ABBASALI, GUPTA SANJAY. Selective cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by a polyphenol-rich extract of Solanum nigrum. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:277-84. [PMID: 22076244 PMCID: PMC3981642 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer is associated with escape of tumor cells from cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Agents capable of selectively eliminating cancer cells by cell cycle arrest and/or induction of apoptosis offer a highly desirable approach. Here we demonstrate that a polyphenolic extract derived from ripe berries of Solanum nigrum (SN) differentially causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various human prostate cancer cells without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Virally transformed normal human prostate epithelial PZ-HPV-7 cells and their cancer counterpart CA-HPV-10 cells, were used to evaluate the growth-inhibitory effects of the SN extract. SN treatment (5-20 µg/ml) of PZ-HPV-7 cells resulted in growth inhibitory responses of low magnitude. In sharp contrast, SN treatment of CA-HPV-10 cells increased cytotoxicity, decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis. Similar results were noted in the human prostate cancer LNCaP, 22Rv1, DU145 and PC-3 cell lines, where significant reductions in cell viability and induction of apoptosis was observed in all these cells, an effect independent of disease stage and androgen association. Cell cycle analysis revealed that SN treatment (5-20 µg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent G2/M phase arrest and subG1 accumulation in the CA-HPV-10 but not in the PZ-HPV-7 cell line. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that the SN extract is capable of selectively inhibiting cellular proliferation and accelerating apoptotic events in prostate cancer cells. SN may be developed as a promising therapeutic and/or preventive agent against prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- AKBAR NAWAB
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - VIJAY S. THAKUR
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - MOHAMMAD YUNUS
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - ABBAS ALI MAHDI
- Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - SANJAY GUPTA
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vieira PM, Paula JR, Chen-Chen L. Solanum paniculatum L. Leaf and Fruit Extracts: Assessment of Modulation of Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity by Micronucleus Test in Mice. J Med Food 2010; 13:1424-30. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pabline Marinho Vieira
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Realino Paula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lee Chen-Chen
- Department of General Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang HC, Syu KY, Lin JK. Chemical composition of Solanum nigrum linn extract and induction of autophagy by leaf water extract and its major flavonoids in AU565 breast cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8699-8708. [PMID: 20681660 DOI: 10.1021/jf101003v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solanum nigrum Linn (SN) belongs to the Solanaceae family, is a plant growing widely in south Asia, and has been used in traditional folk medicine. It is believed to have antipyretic, diuretic, anticancer, and hepatoprotective effects. During the summertime, this plant has been heavily used to supplement beverages to quench thirst on hot days in Taiwan and several southern Asian countries. In this study, the polyphenols and anthocyanidin in various parts of the SN plant were analyzed by HPLC. The leaves were found to be richer in polyphenols than stem and fruit. SN leaves contained the highest concentration of gentisic acid, luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, and m-coumaric acid. However, the anthocyanidin existed only in the purple fruits. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the leaf, stem, or fruit extract was evaluated against cancer cell lines and normal cells. The results showed that AU565 breast cancer cells were more sensitive to the extract. Furthermore, the results demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect of SN leaf extract on AU565 cells that was mediated via two different mechanisms depending on the exposure concentrations. A low dose of SN leaf extract induced autophagy but not apoptosis. Higher doses (>100 microg/mL) of SN leaf extract could inhibit the level of p-Akt and cause cell death due to the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. However, these findings indicate that SN leaf extract induced cell death in breast cells via two distinct antineoplastic activities, the abilities to induce apoptosis and autophagy, therefore suggesting that it may provide a useful remedy to treat breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee SJ, Lim KT. Cell death signal by glycine- and proline-rich plant glycoprotein is transferred from cytochrome c and nuclear factor kappa B to caspase 3 in Hep3B cells. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 19:166-74. [PMID: 17588735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the apoptotic effects of glycine- and proline-rich glycoprotein [Solanum nigrum Linne (SNL) glycoprotein, 150-kDa] isolated from SNL, which has been used as an antipyretic and anticancer agent in Korean herbal medicine. We found that SNL glycoprotein has obviously cytotoxic and apoptotic effects at 80 microg/ml of SNL glycoprotein for 4 h in Hep3B cells (hepatocellular carcinoma cells). In mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, SNL glycoprotein has abilities to stimulate release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, activations of caspase-9 and caspase-3, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species in Hep3B cells. In nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB)-mediated apoptosis pathway, the results showed that SNL glycoprotein dose-dependently blocked DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB, activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of inducible nitric oxide (NO). Interestingly, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (for NF-kappaB inhibitor) and Nomega-nitro-l-arginine methylester hydrochloride (for NO inhibitor) effectively stimulated the caspase-3 activation and induced apoptosis in Hep3B cells. These results indicate that SNL glycoprotein transfers its cell death signal from cytochrome c to caspase 3 by inhibiting NF-kappaB and iNOS activation in Hep3B cells. Here, we speculate that SNL glycoprotein is one of the chemotherapeutic agents to modulate mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signals in Hep3B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Jung Lee
- Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 500-757, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zakaria ZA, Gopalan HK, Zainal H, Mohd Pojan NH, Morsid NA, Aris A, Sulaiman MR. Antinociceptive, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Effects of Solanum nigrum Chloroform Extract in Animal Models. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:1171-8. [PMID: 17077618 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study was carried out to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of chloroform extract of Solanum nigrum leaves using various animal models. METHODS The extract was prepared by soaking (1:20; w/v) the air-dried powdered leaves (20 g) in chloroform for 72 hrs followed by evaporation (40 degrees C) under reduced pressure to dryness (1.26 g) and then dissolved (1:50; w/v) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The supernatant, considered as the stock solution with dose of 200 mg/kg, was diluted using DMSO to 20 and 100 mg/kg, and all doses were administered (s.c.; 10 ml/kg) in mice/rats 30 min prior to tests. RESULTS The extract exhibited significant (p<0.05) antinociceptive activity when assessed using the abdominal constriction, hot plate and formalin tests. The extract also produced significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities when assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema and brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia tests. Overall, the activities occurred in a dose-independent manner. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the lipid-soluble extract of S. nigrum leaves possessed antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties and confirmed the traditional claims.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Universiti Industri Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|