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Yousefi M, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM. Insights to potential antihypertensive activity of berry fruits. Phytother Res 2020; 35:846-863. [PMID: 32959938 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease and causes widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although several antihypertensive drugs have been proposed for management of high blood pressure, changing lifestyle, including diet, has attracted interest recently. In this sense, consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, has been assigned as an efficient therapeutics. Berry fruits contain various bioactive compounds with potential health implications such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. The main mechanisms responsible for antihypertensive activity mainly arise from the activity of flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins, as well as fibers. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of studies regarding the effect of berry fruits on the hypertensive animals and humans. The mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure by each group of compounds have been highlighted. It can be concluded that berries' bioactive compounds are efficient in mitigation of hypertension through improvement of vascular function, angiotensin-converting enzyme's (ACE) inhibitory activity, increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and nitric oxide (NO) production, besides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. These fruits can be considered as potential sources of invaluable compounds for development of antihypertensive foods and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yousefi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shadnoush
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Debnath SC, An D. Antioxidant properties and structured biodiversity in a diverse set of wild cranberry clones. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01493. [PMID: 31011649 PMCID: PMC6465588 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild germplasm with elevated antioxidants are a useful resource for using directly and in a breeding program. In a study with 136 wild clones and two cranberry cultivars, phenolic, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents varied 2.79, 2.70 and 17.46 times, respectively. The antioxidant activity ranged from 1.17 ± 0.01 to 2.53 ± 0.05 mg/g and varied 2.16 times. Seventy-five of wild clones and the cultivar Franklin were grouped into five distinct classes by molecular structure analysis using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) and EST-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers. Grouping with DNA markers did not coincide with that of based on antioxidant properties. Present study indicates that genetic diversity analysis combined with antioxidant properties of wild germplasm play a significant role for conservation and in selecting diverse genotypes for future berry crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir C Debnath
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Dong An
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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PROESTOS CHARALAMPOS. Superfoods: Recent Data on their Role in the Prevention of Diseases. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.6.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
By the term functional food we mean food, processed or not, which on the basis of scientific studies can contribute to the achievement of specific operational objectives within the human body and play an important role in the direction of prevention degenerative diseases and health promotion. The possible beneficial properties of functional foods are due to their content in bioactive ingredients, with specific biological properties and effects within the human body. Some examples of processed functional foods are calcium - enriched milk, enriched juices with ω-3 fatty acids, yoghurt with probiotic organisms and phytosterol-enriched margarines. At the same time, constantly new scientific findings confirm the potential beneficial properties of different conventional food, such as tea, blueberries, pomegranate,berries, hippophaes and many others, which are known by the term "superfoods". Recently, the appearance of a multitude of chronic degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis and cancer, has led to ways of defending human health through the adoption of appropriate dietary patterns. Hence, functional foods, provided that they fit inside hygiene and balanced nutrition, are suggested as a potential solution tore inforcing the prevention strategy, avoiding the need for therapy, with the aim of promoting the health of the population. This is the reason why there is an ever-increasing trend particularly in Europe and USA. Also, improved accessibility knowledge and information from consumers, promotes an increased search for information about their beneficial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHARALAMPOS PROESTOS
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Food Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771, Athens, Greece
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Khajevand-Khazaei MR, Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Hosseini M, Gholami L, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Rutin, a quercetin glycoside, alleviates acute endotoxemic kidney injury in C57BL/6 mice via suppression of inflammation and up-regulation of antioxidants and SIRT1. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:307-313. [PMID: 29920283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication following severe sepsis, its incidence is increasing, and it is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Rutin is a glycoside of the bioflavonoid quercetin with various protective effects due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. In this research, we tried to assess the protective effect of rutin administration in a model of AKI in C57BL/6 mice. For induction of AKI, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected once (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and rutin was p.o. given at doses of 50 or 200 mg/kg. Treatment of LPS-challenged group with rutin lowered serum level of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), restored to some extent renal oxidative stress-related indices such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. In addition, rutin brought back renal nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6, and caspase 3 activity to their control levels. Moreover, protective effect of rutin was in accordance to a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, rutin is capable to mitigate LPS-induced AKI via appropriate modulation of renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
The contemporary scientific community has presently recognized flavonoids to be a unique class of therapeutic molecules due to their diverse therapeutic properties. Of these, rutin, also known as vitamin P or rutoside, has been explored for a number of pharmacological effects. Tea leaves, apples, and many more possess rutin as one of the active constituents. Today, rutin has been observed for its nutraceutical effect. The present review highlights current information and health-promoting effects of rutin. Along with this, safety pharmacology issues and SAR of the same have also been discussed.
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Eftekhari MH, Allaei M, Khosropanah S, Rajaeifard A, Sohrabi Z. Cranberry Supplement and Metabolic Risk Factors in Obese and Overweight Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjhr-37255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Novotny JA, Baer DJ, Khoo C, Gebauer SK, Charron CS. Cranberry juice consumption lowers markers of cardiometabolic risk, including blood pressure and circulating C-reactive protein, triglyceride, and glucose concentrations in adults. J Nutr 2015; 145:1185-93. [PMID: 25904733 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.203190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic risk is the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, or stroke, which are leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the potential of low-calorie cranberry juice (LCCJ) to lower cardiometabolic risk. METHODS A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study was conducted with controlled diets. Thirty women and 26 men (mean baseline characteristics: 50 y; weight, 79 kg; body mass index, 28 kg/m(2)) completed an 8-wk intervention with LCCJ or a flavor/color/energy-matched placebo beverage. Twice daily volunteers consumed 240 mL of LCCJ or the placebo beverage, containing 173 or 62 mg of phenolic compounds and 6.5 or 7.5 g of total sugar per 240-mL serving, respectively. RESULTS Fasting serum triglycerides (TGs) were lower after consuming LCCJ and demonstrated a treatment × baseline interaction such that the participants with higher baseline TG concentrations were more likely to experience a larger treatment effect (1.15 ± 0.04 mmol/L vs. 1.25 ± 0.04 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.027). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was lower for individuals consuming LCCJ than for individuals consuming the placebo beverage [ln transformed values of 0.522 ± 0.115 ln(mg/L) vs. 0.997 ± 0.120 ln(mg/L), P = 0.0054, respectively, and equivalent to 1.69 mg/L vs. 2.71 mg/L back-transformed]. LCCJ lowered diastolic blood pressure (BP) compared with the placebo beverage (69.2 ± 0.8 mm Hg for LCCJ vs. 71.6 ± 0.8 mm Hg for placebo; P = 0.048). Fasting plasma glucose was lower (P = 0.03) in the LCCJ group (5.32 ± 0.03 mmol/L) than in the placebo group (5.42 ± 0.03 mmol/L), and LCCJ had a beneficial effect on homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for participants with high baseline values (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION LCCJ can improve several risk factors of CVD in adults, including circulating TGs, CRP, and glucose, insulin resistance, and diastolic BP. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01295684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - David J Baer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Christina Khoo
- Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville-Middleborough, MA
| | - Sarah K Gebauer
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
| | - Craig S Charron
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD; and
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Varshney S, Shankar K, Beg M, Balaramnavar VM, Mishra SK, Jagdale P, Srivastava S, Chhonker YS, Lakshmi V, Chaudhari BP, Bhatta RS, Saxena AK, Gaikwad AN. Rohitukine inhibits in vitro adipogenesis arresting mitotic clonal expansion and improves dyslipidemia in vivo. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1019-32. [PMID: 24646949 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m039925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a common feature pharmacophore model using known antiadipogenic compounds (CFPMA). We identified rohitukine, a reported chromone anticancer alkaloid as a potential hit through in silico mapping of the in-house natural product library on CFPMA. Studies were designed to assess the antiadipogenic potential of rohitukine. Rohitukine was isolated from Dysoxylum binacteriferum Hook. to ⬧95% purity. As predicted by CFPMA, rohitukine was indeed found to be an antiadipogenic molecule. Rohitukine inhibited lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation in a concentration- and exposure-time-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Rohitukine downregulated expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), FAS, and glucose transporter 4. It also suppressed mRNA expression of LPL, sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 1c, FAS, and aP2, the downstream targets of PPARγ. Rohitukine arrests cells in S phase during mitotic clonal expansion. Rohitukine was bioavailable, and 25.7% of orally administered compound reached systemic circulation. We evaluated the effect of rohitukine on dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet in the hamster model. Rohitukine increased hepatic expression of liver X receptor α and decreased expression of SREBP-2 and associated targets. Rohitukine decreased hepatic and gonadal lipid accumulation and ameliorated dyslipidemia significantly. In summary, our strategy to identify a novel antiadipogenic molecule using CFPMA successfully resulted in identification of rohitukine, which confirmed antiadipogenic activity and also exhibited in vivo antidyslipidemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salil Varshney
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Kripa Shankar
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Muheeb Beg
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Vishal M Balaramnavar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Mishra
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Pankaj Jagdale
- Regulatory Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Shishir Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Vijai Lakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Chowk Area, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Bhushan P Chaudhari
- Regulatory Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India
| | - Rabi Shankar Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
| | - Anil Nilkanth Gaikwad
- Division of Pharmacology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
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Blumberg JB, Camesano TA, Cassidy A, Kris-Etherton P, Howell A, Manach C, Ostertag LM, Sies H, Skulas-Ray A, Vita JA. Cranberries and their bioactive constituents in human health. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:618-32. [PMID: 24228191 PMCID: PMC3823508 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.004473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observational and clinical studies have raised interest in the potential health effects of cranberry consumption, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The profile of cranberry bioactives is distinct from that of other berry fruit, being rich in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) in contrast to the B-type PACs present in most other fruit. Basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives, although further molecular studies are necessary. Human studies on the health effects of cranberry products have focused principally on urinary tract and cardiovascular health, with some attention also directed to oral health and gastrointestinal epithelia. Evidence suggesting that cranberries may decrease the recurrence of urinary tract infections is important because a nutritional approach to this condition could lower the use of antibiotic treatment and the consequent development of resistance to these drugs. There is encouraging, but limited, evidence of a cardioprotective effect of cranberries mediated via actions on antioxidant capacity and lipoprotein profiles. The mixed outcomes from clinical studies with cranberry products could result from interventions testing a variety of products, often uncharacterized in their composition of bioactives, using different doses and regimens, as well as the absence of a biomarker for compliance to the protocol. Daily consumption of a variety of fruit is necessary to achieve a healthy dietary pattern, meet recommendations for micronutrient intake, and promote the intake of a diversity of phytochemicals. Berry fruit, including cranberries, represent a rich source of phenolic bioactives that may contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Blumberg
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Penny Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Amy Howell
- Rutgers University, Marucci Center for Blueberry Cranberry Research, Chatsworth, NJ
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, UMR1019 Nutrition Humaine, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France
| | - Luisa M. Ostertag
- Department of Nutrition, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Helmut Sies
- Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Dusseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Ann Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Joseph A. Vita
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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