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Zeng J, An M, Tian W, Wang K, Du B, Li P. Sacha inchi albumin delays skin-aging by alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and regulating gut microbiota in d-galactose induced-aging mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4470-4480. [PMID: 36919865 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sacha inchi albumin exhibits considerable functional activity with notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties, which could delay skin aging. However, its underlying mechanisms for delaying skin aging have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-skin-aging effect of sacha inchi albumin (SIA) in d-galactose induced-aging mice. RESULTS Sacha inchi albumin improved moisture content, collagen level, and the state of aged skin in rats. Sacha inchi albumin intervention markedly increased the skin antioxidant enzymatic activities including those of glutathione peroxidase, and catalase, but decreased the malondialdehyde content. It also regulated inflammation by reducing the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and increasing the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Administration of SIA also increased the expression level of collagen I and III, increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1, and decreased the expression of metalloproteinases. Sacha inchi albumin can also activate the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad pathway. Meanwhile, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that SIA treatment altered the composition of microbiota, and increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, but decreased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella and Helicobacter, etc. Helicobacter was positively associated with malondialdehyde (MDA) content and was negatively related to IL-6. CONCLUSION Sacha inchi albumin exhibits excellent anti-skin-aging effect, which provide a new insight for the development of functional sacha inchi albumin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zeng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Miaoqing An
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenni Tian
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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2
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Kim YK, Yum KS. Effects of red ginseng extract on gut microbial distribution. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:91-103. [PMID: 35035242 PMCID: PMC8753433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red ginseng extract boosts immunity against inflammation and cancer in the human body. However, studies on the effects of red ginseng extract on the gut microbiome remain unexplored. Methods In 2019, the positive effects and changes in the gut microbiome after administering 1 pack (3 g) of red ginseng extract per day to 53 adults aged 40 to 75 for 24 weeks were investigated. The gut microbial environment changes were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using next-generation sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction technology. Results On comparing and analyzing alpha diversity and beta diversity, the microbial pattern showed significant differences (OTUs p = 0.003, chao1 p < 0.001, Bray-Curtis p = 0.001) before and after ingestion of red ginseng extract, indicating that gut microbial richness increased after ingestion. Moreover, after comparing and analyzing the gut microbiome's differences after red ginseng extract intake, significant differences were noted between three strains at the phylum level and among 57 strains at the genus level. Conclusion This study proposes the potential use of red ginseng extract as a prebiotic after confirming its positive effects, including increasing gut microbiome richness, reducing harm to the gut microbiome, and increasing the number of some strains in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keun-Sang Yum
- Corresponding author. Department of Family Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, 11765, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Reddy CK, Ryu JJ, Kyung S, Lim Y, Park MS, Kang S, Lee CH. Solid-State Fermentation With Aspergillus cristatus Enhances the Protopanaxadiol- and Protopanaxatriol-Associated Skin Anti-aging Activity of Panax notoginseng. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:602135. [PMID: 34975775 PMCID: PMC8718098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A metabolomics approach was used to profile metabolites of Panax notoginseng fermented with Aspergillus cristatus in two ways, liquid-state fermentation (LF-P) and solid-state fermentation (SSF-P) and examine metabolite markers representing antioxidant activity and skin anti-aging. Protopanaxadiol (PPD) and protopanaxatriol (PPT) contents were higher in SSF-P than in LF-P and showed a multiplicative increase over the fermentation period of four days. PPD and PPT levels also correlated with antioxidant and anti-aging effects in skin, based on the mRNA expression of dermal extracellular matrix components. In the bioactivity validation assays, PPD and PPT significantly improved the expression of type-I collagen, fibrillin-1, and elastin in human dermal fibroblasts from both young and old subjects; these were comparable with the effects of the SSF-P extracts. Overall, our results suggest that changes in the metabolites of P. notoginseng fermented with A. cristatus enhance the quality and availability of bioactive compounds associated with skin anti-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea.,Resource Analysis Research Laboratory, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chagam Koteswara Reddy
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeoung Jin Ryu
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kyung
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yonghwan Lim
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Myeong Sam Park
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kang
- COSMAX BTI R&I Center, Pangyo inno valley E, 255 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
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Fan S, Zhang Z, Su H, Xu P, Qi H, Zhao D, Li X. Panax ginseng clinical trials: Current status and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110832. [PMID: 33059260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax Ginseng has been widely used in Asian for thousand years. In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ginseng, more and more ginseng clinical trials (GCTs) have been conducted recently. However, there is a lack of an extensive review summarizing the current status for the quality and quantity of ginseng clinical researches until now. Therefore, clinical trials for ginseng were retrieved from International Clinical Trials Registration Platform and collected through the system retrieval method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses in PubMed, the Web of Science, the Korean Studies Information Service System, and SCOPUS database. We summarized the clinical characteristics of 152 registered ginseng clinical trials (R-GCTs) and119 published ginseng clinical trials (P-GCTs), such as source register, recruitment status, primary purpose, duration, sample size, conditions, and outcomes. Among them, ginseng has mainly been studied in clinical trials in the single-center and less than 200 subjects. In the most GCTs, healthy subjects and patients with various conditions, such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are administrated with ginseng, ginsenosides or the prescriptions containing ginseng for less than 3 months to investigate the protective and therapeutic functions of ginseng. 95 (79.8 %) published articles showed that ginseng has plenty of positive effects. This review could assist the basic researchers and clinical doctors to understand current status and problem of ginseng clinical research, and perhaps could benefit for the reasonable and accurate design of future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Fan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hang Su
- Practice Innovations Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Neurology Department, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4598167. [PMID: 31915506 PMCID: PMC6930799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4598167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a progressive disease affecting around 900 million people worldwide, and in recent years, the mechanism of aging and aging-related diseases has been well studied. Treatments for aging-related diseases have also made progress. For the long-term treatment of aging-related diseases, herbal medicine is particularly suitable for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging and aging-related diseases, including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy and exosome interactions, mitochondrial injury, and telomerase damage, and summarize commonly used herbals and compounds concerned with the development of aging-related diseases, including Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Radix astragali, Lycium barbarum, Rhodiola rosea, Angelica sinensis, Ligusticum chuanxiong, resveratrol, curcumin, and flavonoids. We also summarize key randomized controlled trials of herbal medicine for aging-related diseases during the past ten years. Adverse reactions of herbs were also described. It is expected to provide new insights for slowing aging and treating aging-related diseases with herbal medicine.
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Park KS, Park DH. The effect of Korean Red Ginseng on full-thickness skin wound healing in rats. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:226-235. [PMID: 30976160 PMCID: PMC6438823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax ginseng is regarded as one of the best compounds for promoting health, and it has been used traditionally as a medicinal herb. Recently, Korean Red Ginseng (RG) has been shown to protect skin from aging and wrinkling; it can also relieve atopic dermatitis and allergy symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate RG's effects on the regeneration of the full-thickness skin wounds in rat. METHODS Full-thickness skin wounds were generated in rats, and then RG was administered either orally or topically. The wound-healing effects of RG were investigated by assessing wound size, mRNA expression patterns of genes related to wound healing, histological staining, and measurements of lipid, moisture, and elasticity in skin tissues. RESULTS The wound size was smaller, and tissue regeneration rate was faster in the RG-treated group than that in the control group on days 15 and 20 after initiating treatment. On postoperative day 20, skin lipid and moisture content had increased significantly in the RG-treated group. Significant increases in the gene expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor were found in the RG group during the early stages of wound healing. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 showed significant increases in gene expression levels on day 20. CONCLUSION The results suggested that RG may promote healing of full-thickness skin wounds in rats. They also provided basic insights into the effects of RG on skin regeneration, supporting its use as a dressing material for wound treatment and its development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dae-Hwan Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Wang L, Chen H, Jiang Y, Liu Z, Wang Q, Zheng X. Simultaneous Determination of 11 High-Polarity Components from Fructus Corni: A Quantitative LC-MS/MS Method for Improved Quality Control. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:56-64. [PMID: 29036589 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructus Corni, the dried ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc (Cornaceae), is widely used in traditional medicine. Pharmacological studies to date have attributed many biological effects to the high-polarity components. However, current quality control methods focus on only several iridoid glycoside components, and, of note, there is no comprehensive method available to simultaneously quantify the high-polarity components in Fructus Corni. Here, a simple, sensitive and robust liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously determine 11 high-polarity constituents (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, gallic acid, sweroside, cornin, loganin, morroniside, 7α-O-methylmorroniside, 7β-O-methylmorroniside, 7α-O-ethylmorroniside and 7β-O-ethylmorroniside, cornuside) of Fructus Corni. This method showed good specificity, linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9907), repeatability (RSD < 5.98%) and recovery (93.24 ~ 112.92%, RSD < 9.06%). This validated method was successfully employed to assess the component variation of crude Fructus Corni of three regional origins as well as after processing. In particular, the iridoid isomers were, for the first time, included as the quality markers for Fructus Corni. We propose that this method may provide a new and powerful tool for achieving comprehensive quality control of Fructus Corni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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Yang Y, Ren C, Zhang Y, Wu X. Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:708-720. [PMID: 29344412 PMCID: PMC5758347 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an irreversible physiological process that affects all humans. Numerous theories have been proposed to regarding the process from a Western medicine perspective; however, ancient Chinese medicine practices and theories have increasingly gained attention, particularly ginseng, a grass that has been studied for the anti-aging properties of its active constituents. This review seeks to analyze current data on ginseng and its anti-aging properties. The plant species, characteristics, and active ingredients will be introduced. The main part of this review is focused on ginseng and its active components with regards to their effects on prolonging lifespan, the regulation of multiple organ systems including cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and skin, as well as the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The molecular mechanisms of these properties elucidated via various studies are summarized as further evidence of the anti-aging effects of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - XiaoDan Wu
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Lee Y, Kim SN, Hong YD, Park BC, Na Y. Panax ginseng extract antagonizes the effect of DKK‑1-induced catagen-like changes of hair follicles. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1194-1200. [PMID: 28849028 PMCID: PMC5593495 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that Panax ginseng (PG) has various pharmacological effects such as anti-aging and anti-inflammation. In a previous study, the authors identified that PG extract induced hair growth by means of a mechanism similar to that of minoxidil. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of PG extract on Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1)-induced catagen-like changes in hair follicles (HFs) was investigated in addition to the underlying mechanism of action. The effects of PG extract on cell proliferation, anti-apoptotic effect, and hair growth were observed using cultured outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes and human HFs with or without DKK-1 treatment. The PG extract significantly stimulated proliferation and inhibited apoptosis, respectively, in ORS keratinocytes. PG extract treatment affected the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2 and Bax. DKK-1 inhibited hair growth, and PG extract dramatically reversed the effect of DKK-1 on ex vivo human hair organ culture. PG extract antagonizes DKK-1-induced catagen-like changes, in part, through the regulation of apoptosis-related gene expression in HFs. These findings suggested that PG extract may reduce hair loss despite the presence of DKK-1, a strong catagen inducer via apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Lee
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Na Kim
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, Dankook Medical College, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjoo Na
- Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729, Republic of Korea
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Investigating the Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on the Viability of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps in Rats. Ann Plast Surg 2017; 79:e1-e6. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Fibrosis by Suppressing the TGF- β1/Smad Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6510198. [PMID: 28421197 PMCID: PMC5379083 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6510198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small airway fibrosis is a key pathological process accompanying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and includes fibroblast/myofibroblast transdifferentiation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Ginsenoside Rg1, one of the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng, has been shown to exert an antifibrotic effect in many tissues. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism and whether ginsenoside Rg1 can exert an effect on small airway fibrosis. We investigated the anti-small airway fibrosis effects of ginsenoside Rg1 in human embryonic lung fibroblasts and in COPD rats. We found that ginsenoside Rg1 effectively reduced the degree of pulmonary fibrosis, decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I, and matrix metalloproteinase 9, and maintained the ratio of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Importantly, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly attenuated cigarette smoke extract-induced upregulation of transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β receptor I, phospho-Smad2, and phospho-Smad3. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 mimicked the effect of SB525334, a TGF-β receptor I-Smad2/3 inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may suppress cigarette smoke-induced airway fibrosis in pulmonary fibroblasts and COPD rats by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Kwon SB, An S, Kim MJ, Kim KR, Choi YM, Ahn KJ, An IS, Cha HJ. Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate and epidermal growth factor synergistically restore extracellular matrix in human dermal fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:741-748. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Pham QL, Jang HJ, Kim KB. Anti‑wrinkle effect of fermented black ginseng on human fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:681-686. [PMID: 28098856 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed by the repeated steaming and drying of fresh ginseng followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is known to possess anti‑oxidative effects. Skin wrinkle formation is associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to determine whether FBG possesses anti‑wrinkle activity using human fibroblasts (HS68). According to the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guidelines for the evaluation of the efficacy of functional anti‑wrinkle cosmetics, we attempted to elucidate the effects of FBG on type I procollagen, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑1, MMP‑2, MMP‑9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‑2 (TIMP‑2). In addition, the eye irritation potential of FBG was examined using the EpiOcular‑EIT kit. Our results revealed that FBG was not cytotoxic at concentrations <10 µg/ml. It was considered as safe for the eyes at concentrations of up to 100 µg/ml. Treatment with FBG at concentrations from 0.3 to 10 µg/ml significantly (P<0.05) increased the type I procollagen expression levels from 117.61±1.51 to 129.95±4.47% in the human fibroblasts. By contrast, FBG significantly (P<0.05) decreased the MMP‑1 expression level from 18.41±4.95 to 27.41±3.96%. FBG at 3 µg/ml also increased the expression of TIMP‑2 up to 154.55%. However, FBG at 10 µg/ml decreased the expression levels of MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 to 45.15 and 66.65%, respectively. These results suggest that FBG has potential anti‑wrinkle effects as a potential ingredient in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Lien Pham
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
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Ye Y, Sun-Waterhouse D, You L, Abbasi AM. Harnessing food-based bioactive compounds to reduce the effects of ultraviolet radiation: a review exploring the link between food and human health. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
- Department of Environmental Sciences; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT); Park Road ChakShahzad Islamabad 22060 Pakistan
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15
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Hahn HJ, Kim KB, Bae S, Choi BG, An S, Ahn KJ, Kim SY. Pretreatment of Ferulic Acid Protects Human Dermal Fibroblasts against Ultraviolet A Irradiation. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:740-748. [PMID: 27904274 PMCID: PMC5125956 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.6.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 90%~99% of ultraviolet A (UVA) ray reaches the Earth's surface. The deeply penetrating UVA rays induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress such as photoproducts, senescence, and cell death. Thus, UVA is considered a primary factor that promotes skin aging. Objective Researchers investigated whether pretreatment with ferulic acid protects human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) against UVA-induced cell damages. Methods HDF proliferation was analyzed using the water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. Cell cycle distribution and intracellular ROS levels were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Senescence was evaluated using a senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay, while Gadd45α promoter activity was analyzed through a luciferase assay. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A and C, matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3, as well as p21 and p16 were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle arrest were detected in cells that were irradiated with UVA only. Pretreatment with ferulic acid significantly increased the proliferation and cell cycle progression in HDFs. Moreover, ferulic acid pretreatment produced antioxidant effects such as reduced DCF intensity, and affected SOD1 and CAT mRNA expression. These effects were also demonstrated in the analysis of cell senescence, promoter activity, expression of senescent markers, and DNA repair. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ferulic acid exerts protective effects on UVA-induced cell damages via anti-oxidant and stress-inducible cellular mechanisms in HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Bbeum Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Gon Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi SJ, Lee SN, Kim K, Joo DH, Shin S, Lee J, Lee HK, Kim J, Kwon SB, Kim MJ, Ahn KJ, An IS, An S, Cha HJ. Biological effects of rutin on skin aging. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:357-63. [PMID: 27220601 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin, a quercetin glycoside is a member of the bioflavonoid family which is known to possess antioxidant properties. In the present study, we aimed to confirm the anti‑aging effects of rutin on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human skin. We examined the effects of rutin using a cell viability assay, senescence-associated-β-galactosidase assay, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in vitro. To examine the effects of rutin in vivo, rutin‑containing cream was applied to human skin. A double-blind clinical study was conducted in 40 subjects aged between 30-50 years and divided into control and experimental groups. The test material was applied for 4 weeks. After 2 and 4 weeks, dermal density, skin elasticity, the length and area of crow's feet, and number of under-eye wrinkles following the application of either the control or the rutin-containing cream were analyzed. Rutin increased the mRNA expression of collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) and decreased the mRNA expression of matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) in HDFs. We verified that ROS scavenging activity was stimulated by rutin in a dose‑dependent manner and we identified that rutin exerted protective effects under conditions of oxidative stress. Furthermore, rutin increased skin elasticity and decreased the length, area and number of wrinkles. The consequences of human aging are primarily visible on the skin, such as increased wrinkling, sagging and decreased elasticity. Overall, this study demonstrated the biological effects of rutin on ROS-induced skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jin Choi
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Nae Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Karam Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Joo
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shanghun Shin
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongju Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- GeneCellPharm Incorporated, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Kwon
- GeneCellPharm Incorporated, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- GeneCellPharm Incorporated, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Pezdirc K, Hutchesson M, Whitehead R, Ozakinci G, Perrett D, Collins CE. Can dietary intake influence perception of and measured appearance? A systematic review. Nutr Res 2014; 35:175-97. [PMID: 25600848 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Appearance-based interventions have had some success in reducing smoking and sun exposure. Appearance may also motivate dietary behavior change if it was established that dietary improvement had a positive impact on appearance. The aims of this review are to evaluate the current evidence examining the relationship between dietary intake and appearance and to determine the effectiveness of dietary interventions on perceived or actual appearance. An electronic search of English-language studies up to August 2012 was conducted using Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO databases. Studies that included participants aged at least 18 years, that observed or altered dietary intake from actual food or dietary supplement use, and assessed appearance-related outcomes were considered eligible. Data from 27 studies were extracted and assessed for quality using standardized tools. Nineteen studies were assessed as being of "positive" and 4 of "neutral" quality. All observational studies (n = 4741 participants) indicated that there was a significant association between various aspects of dietary intake and skin coloration and skin aging. The majority (16 studies, 769 participants) evaluated the effect of dietary supplements on skin appearance among women. Only 1 study examined the effect of actual food intake on appearance. Significant improvements in at least 1 actual or perceived appearance-related outcome (facial wrinkling, skin elasticity, roughness, and skin color) following dietary intervention were shown as a result of supplementation. Further studies are needed in representative populations that examine actual food intake on appearance, using validated tools in well-designed high-quality randomized control trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Pezdirc
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Melinda Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ross Whitehead
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - Gozde Ozakinci
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - David Perrett
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, Fife, Scotland
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Australia.
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Poon F, Kang S, Chien AL. Mechanisms and treatments of photoaging. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2014; 31:65-74. [PMID: 25351668 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging is frequently encountered in a dermatologic practice. This systematic literature review aims to explore the etiology of photoaging and address the evidence behind its current management. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, UpToDate, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Articles were limited to those relating to photoaging. There are two major approaches in the current management of photoaging. This includes strategies to prevent against ultraviolet damage (e.g. sunscreen) and medications that attempt to reverse existing skin damage (topical retinoids and 5-fluorouracil). There has been a large growth in the variety of treatment options in recent years. While it is important for such growth to continue, prevention via sensible photoprotection methods still remains the best current management option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Poon
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Gene expression profiling of Lucilia sericata larvae extraction/secretion-treated skin wounds. Gene 2014; 550:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Cho S. The Role of Functional Foods in Cutaneous Anti-aging. J Lifestyle Med 2014; 4:8-16. [PMID: 26064850 PMCID: PMC4390761 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2014.4.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral supplementation of micronutrients, or functional foods, to prevent aging has gained much attention and popularity as society ages and becomes more affluent, and as science reveals the pathological mechanisms of aging. Aging of the skin combines biologic aging and extrinsic aging caused predominantly by sunlight and other environmental toxins. Anti-aging functional foods exert their influence mostly through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby abrogating collagen degradation and/or increasing procollagen synthesis. Clinical evidence supporting a role in preventing cutaneous aging is available for oral supplements such as carotenoids, polyphenols, chlorophyll, aloe vera, vitamins C and E, red ginseng, squalene, and omega-3 fatty acids. Collagen peptides and proteoglycans are claimed to provide building blocks of the dermal matrix. This review summarizes the current study findings of these functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Boramae Hospital ; Laboratory of Cutaneous Aging and Hair Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital ; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Proksch E, Schunck M, Zague V, Segger D, Degwert J, Oesser S. Oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides reduces skin wrinkles and increases dermal matrix synthesis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 27:113-9. [PMID: 24401291 DOI: 10.1159/000355523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of food supplements has been found to modulate skin functions and can therefore be useful in the treatment of skin aging. However, there is only a limited number of clinical studies supporting these claims. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the effectiveness of the specific bioactive collagen peptide (BCP) VERISOL® on eye wrinkle formation and stimulation of procollagen I, elastin and fibrillin biosynthesis in the skin was assessed. A hundred and fourteen women aged 45-65 years were randomized to receive 2.5 g of BCP or placebo, once daily for 8 weeks, with 57 subjects being allocated to each treatment group. Skin wrinkles were objectively measured in all subjects, before starting the treatment, after 4 and 8 weeks as well as 4 weeks after the last intake (4-week regression phase). A subgroup was established for suction blister biopsies analyzing procollagen I, elastin and fibrillin at the beginning of the treatment and after 8 weeks of intake. The ingestion of the specific BCP used in this study promoted a statistically significant reduction of eye wrinkle volume (p < 0.05) in comparison to the placebo group after 4 and 8 weeks (20%) of intake. Moreover a positive long-lasting effect was observed 4 weeks after the last BCP administration (p < 0.05). Additionally, after 8 weeks of intake a statistically significantly higher content of procollagen type I (65%) and elastin (18%) in the BCP-treated volunteers compared to the placebo-treated patients was detected. For fibrillin, a 6% increase could be determined after BCP treatment compared to the placebo, but this effect failed to reach the level of statistical significance. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the oral intake of specific bioactive collagen peptides (Verisol®) reduced skin wrinkles and had positive effects on dermal matrix synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Proksch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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22
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Song KC, Chang TS, Lee H, Kim J, Park JH, Hwang GS. Processed Panax ginseng, Sun Ginseng Increases Type I Collagen by Regulating MMP-1 and TIMP-1 Expression in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:61-7. [PMID: 23717105 PMCID: PMC3659568 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, effects of sun ginseng (SG) on the collagen synthesis and the proliferation of dermal fibroblast were investigated. Collagen synthesis was measured by assaying procollagen type I C-peptide production. In addition, the level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was assessed by western blot analysis. SG suppressed the MMP-1 protein level in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, SG dose-dependently increased tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1 production in fibroblasts. SG increased type I collagen production directly and/or indirectly by reducing MMP-1 and stimulating TIMP-1 production in human dermal fibroblasts. SG dose-dependently induced fibroblast proliferation and this, in turn, can trigger more collagen production. These results suggest that SG may be a potential pharmacological agent with anti-aging properties in cultured human skin fibroblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Choon Song
- Lab of Cell Differentiation Research, College of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Korea
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23
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Lee HS, Kim MR, Park Y, Park HJ, Chang UJ, Kim SY, Suh HJ. Fermenting red ginseng enhances its safety and efficacy as a novel skin care anti-aging ingredient: in vitro and animal study. J Med Food 2013; 15:1015-23. [PMID: 23126662 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-aging potential and skin safety of red ginseng (RG) and fermented red ginseng (FRG) using Lactobacillus brevis for use as cosmetic ingredients. Concentrations of uronic acid, polyphenols, and flavonoids, and antioxidant activities were greater in FRG compared to RG. The contents of total ginsenosides were not significantly different. However, the ginsenoside metabolite content was higher in FRG (14,914.3 μg/mL) compared to RG (5697.9 μg/mL). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC(50)) of FRG was 27.63 μg/mL, and more potent compared with RG (34.14 μg/mL), (P<.05). The elastase inhibitory activity (IC(50)) of FRG was 117.07 μg/mL also higher compared with RG (157.90 μg/mL). In a primary skin irritation test, 10% RG and 10% FRG were classified as practically nonirritating materials. In a skin sensitization test, the RG group showed a sensitization rate of 100% and its mean evaluation score of irritation was 1.4, whereas the FRG group showed 20% and 0.2%, respectively. By fermentation of RG, FRG has increased contents of ginsenoside metabolites, such as Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, compound K, Rh1, F2, Rg2, and flavonoids content. Therefore, FRG offers increased anti-wrinkle efficacy, whitening efficacy, and reduced toxicological potency compared to RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Sun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Sahu RK, Roy A, Matlam M, Deshmukh VK, Dwivedi J, Jha AK. Review on Skin Aging and Compilation of Scientific Validated Medicinal Plants, Prominence to Flourish a Better Research Reconnoiters in Herbal Cosmetic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/rjmp.2013.1.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bak MJ, Jun M, Jeong WS. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of the red ginseng essential oil in H(2)O(2)-treated hepG2 cells and CCl(4)-treated mice. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2314-2330. [PMID: 22408456 PMCID: PMC3292025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant mechanisms of red ginseng essential oil (REO) in cells as well as in an animal model. REO was prepared by a supercritical CO(2) extraction of waste-products generated after hot water extraction of red ginseng. In HepG2 cells, REO diminished the H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidative stress and also restored both the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Administration of REO inhibited the phosphorylation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and p38. In mice, the CCl(4)-mediated elevation of serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase as well as the induction of hepatic lipid peroxidation were decreased by REO administration. REO treatments also resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme expression in the liver. Moreover, increased phosphorylations of MAPKs were inhibited after REO administration. Overall, REO seems to protect the liver from oxidative stress through the activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes via inhibition of MAPKs pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Bak
- Institute for Phytochemical-Drug Interactions, Department of Food & Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- Institute for Phytochemical-Drug Interactions, Department of Food & Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 621-749, Korea; E-Mail:
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26
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Effects of ginsenoside Rb₁ on skin changes. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:946242. [PMID: 22505819 PMCID: PMC3303758 DOI: 10.1155/2012/946242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng roots (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) have been used traditionally for the treatment, especially prevention, of various diseases in China, Korea, and Japan. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest ginseng roots to have pharmacological effects in patients with life-style-related diseases such as non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The topical use of ginseng roots to treat skin complaints including atopic suppurative dermatitis, wounds, and inflammation is also described in ancient Chinese texts; however, there have been relatively few studies in this area. In the present paper, we describe introduce the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rb1 isolated from Red ginseng roots on skin damage caused by burn-wounds using male Balb/c mice (in vivo) and by ultraviolet B irradiation using male C57BL/6J and albino hairless (HR-1) mice (in vivo). Furthermore, to clarify the mechanisms behind these pharmacological actions, human primary keratinocytes and the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT were used in experiments in vitro.
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Mukherjee PK, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK. Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 19:64-73. [PMID: 22115797 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging involves degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in both the epidermal and dermal layers, it leaves visible signs on the surface of skin and the physical properties of the skin are modified. Chronological aging is due to passage of time, whereas premature aging occurred due to some environmental factors on skin produces visible signs such as irregular dryness, dark/light pigmentation, sallowness, severe atrophy, telangiectases, premalignant lesions, laxity, leathery appearance and deep wrinkling. There are several synthetic skincare cosmetics existing in the market to treat premature aging and the most common adverse reactions of those include allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic and photo-allergic reactions. Recent trends in anti-aging research projected the use of natural products derived from ancient era after scientific validation. Ample varieties of phytomolecules such as aloin, ginsenoside, curcumin, epicatechin, asiaticoside, ziyuglycoside I, magnolol, gallic acid, hydroxychavicol, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, etc. scavenges free radicals from skin cells, prevent trans-epidermal water loss, include a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contribute to protect skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin. Present era of treating aging skin has become technologically more invasive; but herbal products including botanicals are still relevant and combining them with molecular techniques outlined throughout this review will help to maximize the results and maintain the desired anti-skin aging benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Yang Y, Xu S, Xu Q, Liu X, Gao Y, Steinmetz A, Wang N, Wang T, Qiu G. Protective effect of dammarane sapogenins against chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2011; 236:729-35. [PMID: 21652604 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the most common way to treat malignancies, but myelosuppression, one of its common side-effects, is a formidable problem. The present study described the protective role of dammarane sapogenins (DS), an active fraction from oriental ginseng, on myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) in mice. DS was orally administered at different dosages (37.5, 75, and 150 mg/kg) for 10 d after CP administration (200 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The results showed that DS increased the number of white blood cells (WBC) on day 3 and day 7 (P < 0.05), such that WBC levels were increased by 105.7 ± 29.5% at 75 mg/kg of DS on day 3 (P < 0.05, compared with the CP group). Similar results were observed in red blood cells and platelets in DS-treated groups. The colony-forming assay demonstrated that the depressed numbers of CFU-GM (colony-forming unit-granulocyte and macrophage), CFU-E (colony-forming unit-erythroid), BFU-E (burst-forming unit-erythroid), CFU-Meg (colony-forming unit-megakaryocyte) and CFU-GEMM (colony-forming unit-granulocyte, -erythrocyte, -monocyte and -megakaryocyte) induced by CP were significantly reversed after DS treatment. Moreover, the ameliorative effect of DS on myelosuppression was also observed in the femur by hematoxylin/eosin staining. In DS-treated groups, ConA-induced splenocyte proliferation was enhanced significantly at all the doses (37.5, 75, 150 mg/kg) on day 3 at the rate of 50.3 ± 8.0%, 77.6 ± 8.5% and 44.5 ± 8.4%, respectively, while lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation was increased mainly on day 7 (P < 0.01), with an increased rate of 39.8 ± 5.6%, 34.9 ± 6.6% and 38.3 ± 7.3%, respectively. The thymus index was also markedly increased by 70.4% and 36.6% at 75 mg/kg on days 3 and 7, respectively, as compared with the CP group. In summary, DS has a protective function against CP-induced myelosuppression. Its mechanism might be related to stimulating hematopoiesis recovery, as well as enhancing the immunological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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