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Kim JS, Lee H, Nirmala FS, Jung CH, Kim MJ, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Dihydrodaidzein and 6-hydroxydaidzein mediate the fermentation-induced increase of antiosteoporotic effect of soybeans in ovariectomized mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:3252-3263. [PMID: 30376359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800953r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of soybeans is known to have beneficial effects on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, the effects of soybean fermentation on the bioavailability and the antiosteoporotic effect have not yet been elucidated. To address this question, we fed ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice with a 5% nonfermented raw soybean (RS)- or fermented soybean (FS)-supplemented diet. After 18 wk of treatment, microcomputed tomography showed that FSs significantly increased bone mineral density compared with RSs. This was because of the up-regulation of bone morphogenic protein 2 (Bmp2) and its downstream target osteopontin in bone tissues. We analyzed isoflavone metabolite profiles in the sera of RS- or FS-fed mice and observed that the levels of 19 isoflavone metabolites were significantly increased in the sera of FS-fed mice. Among these metabolites, we observed that both dihydrodaidzein (DHD) and 6-hydroxydaidzein (6-HD) increased osteogenesis via Bmp2 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells and reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells through the inhibition of NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. These data suggest that improved bioavailability of FSs resulted from the production of active metabolites such as DHD and 6-HD after consumption. DHD and 6-HD can be used as potential therapeutics for the amelioration of osteoporotic bone loss.-Kim, J.-S., Lee, H., Nirmala, F. S., Jung, C. H., Kim, M. J., Jang, Y.-J., Ha, T. Y., Ahn, J. Dihydrodaidzein and 6-hydroxydaidzein mediate the fermentation-induced increase of anti-osteoporotic effect of soybeans in ovariectomized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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Hwang IS, Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Go J, Son HJ, Kim DS, Hwang DY. Fermented soybean product (Cheonggukjang) improved some attributes of protein and growth hormone measurements in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutr Res 2014; 34:355-67. [PMID: 24774072 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the administration of Cheonggukjang (CKJ) would exert positive effects on factors implicated with growth in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. To test this hypothesis, we measured specific aspects of bone and organ growth in male SD rats that were treated for 6 weeks with 3 concentrations of CKJ. Although the CKJ extract contained high concentrations of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, no significant differences in body length, organ weights, or femur weight were detected between the CKJ- and vehicle-treated groups. However, thicknesses of the epiphyseal growth plate in the proximal femoral epiphysis and the compact bone in the linea aspera were broadest in the femur of the 2 CKJ-treated groups when compared with the vehicle-treated groups. Furthermore, the levels of growth hormone (GH) and calcium ion were higher in the sera of the high-concentration CKJ-treated groups, whereas the expression level of GH receptor was higher in muscle tissue of all CKJ-treated groups and in the liver tissue of the high-concentration CKJ-treated group. In the GH receptor downstream signaling pathway, the phosphorylation levels of Akt and Erk were expressed differently between liver and muscle tissues upon CKJ treatment. However, the phosphorylation level of STAT5 was very similar to the expression level of the GH receptor in all CKJ-treated groups. These results indicate that CKJ extract may increase the thickness of the epiphyseal growth plate and the compact bone of the femur, elevate GH secretion, and stimulate regulation of the GH receptor downstream signaling pathway in the liver and muscle tissues of SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Sik Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Hwa Kwak
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Joo Son
- Department of Life Science & Environment Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sup Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea.
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