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Ma J, Yu Z, Chen T, Li P, Liu Y, Chen J, Lyu C, Hao X, Zhang J, Wang S, Gao F, Zhang J, Bu S. The effect of Shengmai injection in patients with coronary heart disease in real world and its personalized medicine research using machine learning techniques. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1208621. [PMID: 37781710 PMCID: PMC10537936 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1208621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Shengmai injection is a common treatment for coronary heart disease. The accurate dose regimen is important to maximize effectiveness and minimize adverse reactions. We aim to explore the effect of Shengmai injection in patients with coronary heart disease based on real-world data and establish a personalized medicine model using machine learning and deep learning techniques. Methods: 211 patients were enrolled. The length of hospital stay was used to explore the effect of Shengmai injection in a case-control study. We applied propensity score matching to reduce bias and Wilcoxon rank sum test to compare results between the experimental group and the control group. Important variables influencing the dose regimen of Shengmai injection were screened by XGBoost. A personalized medicine model of Shengmai injection was established by XGBoost selected from nine algorithm models. SHapley Additive exPlanations and confusion matrix were used to interpret the results clinically. Results: Patients using Shengmai injection had shorter length of hospital stay than those not using Shengmai injection (median 10.00 days vs. 11.00 days, p = 0.006). The personalized medicine model established via XGBoost shows accuracy = 0.81 and AUC = 0.87 in test cohort and accuracy = 0.84 and AUC = 0.84 in external verification. The important variables influencing the dose regimen of Shengmai injection include lipid-lowering drugs, platelet-lowering drugs, levels of GGT, hemoglobin, prealbumin, and cholesterol at admission. Finally, the personalized model shows precision = 75%, recall rate = 83% and F1-score = 79% for predicting 40 mg of Shengmai injection; and precision = 86%, recall rate = 79% and F1-score = 83% for predicting 60 mg of Shengmai injection. Conclusion: This study provides evidence supporting the clinical effectiveness of Shengmai injection, and established its personalized medicine model, which may help clinicians make better decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Lyu
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Dalian Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Beijing Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Dalian Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Beijing Medicinovo Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuhong Bu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Leung HY, Yan CTM, Ko KM. Antioxidant and Immunopotentiating Effects of <i>Cordyceps </i> Mycelium Extract, Chicken Essence, and Their Combination in Experimental Models. Chin Med 2021. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2021.121001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Schisandrin B: A Double-Edged Sword in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6171658. [PMID: 27847552 PMCID: PMC5101399 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6171658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver lesions ranging from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high global prevalence of NAFLD has underlined the important public health implications of this disease. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves the abnormal accumulation of free fatty acids, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and a proinflammatory state in the liver. Schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzooctadiene lignan isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (a traditional Chinese herb), was found to possess antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-ER stress, and anti-inflammatory activities in cultured hepatocytes in vitro and in rodent livers in vivo. Whereas a long-term, low dose regimen of Sch B induces an antihyperlipidemic response in obese mice fed a high fat diet, a single bolus high dose of Sch B increases serum/hepatic lipid levels in mice. This differential action of Sch B is likely related to a dose/time-dependent biphasic response on lipid metabolism in mice. The hepatoprotection afforded by Sch B against oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation has been widely reported. The ensemble of results suggests that Sch B may offer potential as a therapeutic agent for NAFLD. The optimal dose and duration of Sch B treatment need to be established in order to ensure maximal efficacy and safety when used in humans.
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Cho SH, Lee HY, Kim S. Assessment of the Toxicity and the Stability of Saeng Mak San by Using Repeated Intravenous Injections in Sprague-Dawley Rats. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:231-238. [PMID: 27695632 PMCID: PMC5043087 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study used repeated intravenous injections of Saeng Maek San (SMS) injection in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to assess the toxicity and the stability of SMS Methods: Six-week-old male and female SD rats reared by Orient bio Inc were chosen for this pilot study. They were randomly split into four groups: Group 1 (G1), the control group (0.3 mL of normal saline solution/day/animal), and Groups 2, 3 and 4 (G2, G3 and G4), the experimental groups (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mL/day/animal of SMS), respectively. Each animal received an intravenous injection of SMS once a day for four weeks. Clinical signs, body weight changes, and food consumption were monitored during the observation period, and urinalysis and hematology were conducted after four weeks of SMS or saline administration. Results: No deaths occurred in any of the four groups during the observation period. Compared to the control group, male and female rats in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day) showed hemoglobinuria, but the low-dosage group (G2, 0.1 mL/animal/day) showed no significant changes in the clinical signs test. No significant changes due to SMS were observed in the experimental groups regarding body weight changes, food consumption urinalysis, or hematology. Conclusion: During this study, no mortalities were observed in any of the experimental groups and no hemoglobinuria was observed in the low dosage group (0.1 mL/animal/day) while it was intermittently observed in groups 3 and 4 (0.2 and 0.3 mL/animal/day). Thus, we suggest that the no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is 0.1 mL/animal/day in male and female SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Cho
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- 1 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungchul Kim
- 2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hospital of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang W, Zhi D, Ren H, Wang D, Wang X, Zhang Z, Fei D, Zhu H, Li H. Shengmai Formula Ameliorates Pathological Characteristics in AD C. elegans. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1291-1302. [PMID: 26886750 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Shengmai (SM) formula, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, is composed of Panax ginseng (Pg), Ophiopogon japonicus (Oj), and Schisandra Chinesis (Sc). SM has been clinically used to treat heart failure and ischemic heart disease. Although SM formula has been reported to be potential for fighting against Alzheimer's disease (AD) by previous works, there are many gaps in our knowledge on its usage in AD treatment on an organism level and will then need to be further clarified. In this study, transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans expressing human Aβ1-42 are used to evaluate SM formula efficacy to treat AD phenotype and to investigate its underlying mechanism. The results showed that SM formula ameliorated AD pathological characteristics of paralysis behavior and chemotaxis defect in transgenic C. elegans. With SM treatment, the number of Aβ deposits decreased, the levels of gene expressions of hsp16-2, hsp16-41, ace-1, ace-2, and TNFA1P1 homolog genes were down-regulated. Our results also showed that Oj exhibited more stronger effect on delaying paralysis in worms than Pg and Sc did, and synergistic action was observed between Pg and Oj, and Sc further enhanced the activity of Pg/Oj combination on delaying paralysis behavior. Further, SM with herbs of Pg, Oj, and Sc at a dose proportion of 9:9:6 exhibited superior therapeutic efficacy in comparison with herbs at other dose proportions. After SM formula extracted by ethanol, it delayed AD symptoms on a wider dose from 0.2 to 10.0 mg/mL with no toxic effect. These results provided more evidence for SM formula being potential to be used to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dejuan Zhi
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhanxin Zhang
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dongqing Fei
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Gansu High Throughput Screening and Creation Center for Health Products, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Wong HS, Chen JH, Leong PK, Leung HY, Chan WM, Ko KM. β-sitosterol protects against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity but not gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats via the induction of mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling. Molecules 2014; 19:17649-62. [PMID: 25361427 PMCID: PMC6271253 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191117649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings have demonstrated that β-sitosterol (BSS), an active component of Cistanches Herba, protected against oxidant injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and in rat hearts by enhancing mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling, possibly through the intermediacy of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. We therefore hypothesized that BSS pretreatment can also confer tissue protection against oxidant injury in other vital organs such as liver and kidney of rats. In this study, the effects of BSS pretreatment on rat models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) hepatotoxicity and gentamicin nephrotoxicity were investigated. The findings showed that BSS pretreatment protected against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, but not gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats. The hepatoprotection afforded by BSS was associated with the improvement in mitochondrial glutathione redox status, presumably through the glutathione reductase-mediated enhancement in mitochondrial glutathione redox cycling. The hepatoprotection afforded by BSS was also accompanied by the improved mitochondrial functional ability in rat livers. The inability of BSS to protect against gentamicin nephrotoxicity was likely due to the relatively low bioavailability of BSS in rat kidneys. BSS may serve as potential mitohormetic agent for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced injury in livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Shan Wong
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ji-Hang Chen
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pou-Kuan Leong
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hoi-Yan Leung
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wing-Man Chan
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Leong PK, Leung HY, Chan WM, Chen JH, Wong HS, Ma CW, Zou SY, Ko KM. Acute and Long-Term Treatments with an Herbal Formula V-Vital Capsule Increase Exercise Endurance Capacity in Weight-Loaded Swimming Mice. Chin Med 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2014.53019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Zeng L, Tan J, Lu W, Lu T, Hu Z. The potential role of small heat shock proteins in mitochondria. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2312-9. [PMID: 23917209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism, calcium homeostasis, redox signaling and cell fates. Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated, and mitochondrial dysfunction is frequently associated with severe human pathologies. Small heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones that play major roles in development, stress responses, and diseases, and have been envisioned as targets for therapy. The mechanisms that lie behind the cytoprotection of small heat shock proteins are related to the regulation of mitochondrial functions. This review recapitulates the current knowledge of the expression of various small heat shock proteins in mitochondria and discusses their implication in the role of mitochondria and their regulation. Based on their involvement in mitochondrial normal physiology and pathology, a better understanding of their roles and regulation will pave the way for innovative approaches for the successful treatment of a range of stress-related syndromes whose etiology is based upon dysfunction of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
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Lu SW, Zhang AH, Sun H, Yan GL, Han Y, Wu XH, Wang XJ. Ultra-performance liquid-chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for rapid analysis of pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and excretion of schisandrin after oral administration of Shengmaisan. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:1657-63. [PMID: 23852935 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the in vivo behaviors of the main components in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) fomulae. The plasma pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of the main component-schisandrin in rats after oral administration of a classical TCM prescription, shengmaisan (SMS), were studied by a developed and validated UPLC-MS/MS method. The separation of schisandrin was achieved on a UPLC HSS T3 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min by linear gradient elution. The MS/MS detection was carried out by monitoring the fragmentation of m/z 415.22 → 384.26 for schisandrin on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The result showed that the method was suitable for the quantification of schisandrin in plasma, tissue and excreta samples with satisfactory selectivity, precision, accuracy, sensitivity, linearity and recovery. Pharmacokinetic results showed a rapid absorption phase with the mean Tmax of 0.17 h and a relatively slow elimination proceeding with a half-life (T1/2 ) of 5.24 ± 1.28 h. The tissue distribution showed the maximum concentration distributions of schisandrin after oral administration of SMS were in the order of small intestine > large intestine > lung > liver > kidney > spleen > heart > brain. Only 0.005-0.006% of schisandrin was recovered in feces and was not detected in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wen Lu
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Key Lab of Chinmedomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, 150040, China
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Shengmai injection, a traditional chinese patent medicine, for intradialytic hypotension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:703815. [PMID: 23476700 PMCID: PMC3582050 DOI: 10.1155/2013/703815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a global public health problem. A rising number of IDH sufferers resort to Chinese patent medicine, Shengmai Injection (SMI) in China. The objectives of present study are to assess the effectiveness and safety of SMI as an adjunct therapy for IDH. A systematic search of 6 medical databases was performed up to December 2011. Randomized trials involving SMI adjuvant therapy versus conventional therapy were identified. RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. Ten randomized clinical trials with 437 participants were identified. Methodological quality was considered inadequate in all trials. Compared with conventional therapy, SMI adjunct therapy showed significant effects in improving the clinic effective rate (P < 0.01), decreasing the incidence of IDH episode (P < 0.01), decreasing the frequency of nursing interventions (P < 0.01), and increasing diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). There was no statistical significance in the improvement of mean arterial pressure (P = 0.22) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.08) between two groups. Four studies had mentioned adverse events, but no serious adverse effects were reported in any of the included trials. In conclusion, SMI adjunct therapy appears to be potentially effective in treatment of IDH and is generally safe. However, further rigorous designed trials are needed.
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Chiu PY, Lam PY, Leung HY, Leong PK, Ma CW, Tang QT, Ko KM. Co-treatment with Shengmai San-derived herbal product ameliorates chronic ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:17-23. [PMID: 21204648 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Wei Kang Su (WKS) is an antioxidant-enriched herbal product manufactured on the basis of Shengmai San, a well-known traditional Chinese herbal formula. In the present study, we investigated the effects of WKS co-treatment on chronic ethanol toxicity in rats. WKS co-treatment protected against chronic ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by the suppression of plasma enzyme activities and reactive oxygen metabolite levels, as well as the inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial malondialdehyde production in chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats. The hepatoprotection afforded by WKS co-treatment in chronic ethanol-intoxicated rats was associated with a reversal of altered hepatic mitochondrial antioxidant status and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation capacity, as well as heat shock protein 25/70 production. Therefore, WKS may offer the prospect of preventing ethanol-associated liver damage by increasing the resistance of mitochondria to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Yee Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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