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Izadfar F, Belyani S, Pormohammadi M, Alizadeh S, Hashempor M, Emadi E, Sangsefidi ZS, Jalilvand MR, Abdollahi S, Toupchian O. The effects of grapes and their products on immune system: a review. Immunol Med 2023; 46:158-162. [PMID: 37158605 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2207896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system plays a significant role in preventing and controlling diseases. Some studies reported the beneficial effects of grapes and their products on immunity. However, their results are controversial. This review aimed to discuss the effects of grapes and their products on immune system and their mechanisms of action. Although various in-vio and in-vitro studies and some human studies suggested that grapes and their products may help to improve the immune system's function, clinical trials in this area are limited and inconsistent.In conclusions, although, consumption of grapes and their products may help to having a healthy immune syste, further studies particularly human studies are required to clarify the precise effects of them and their mechanisms regarding immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Izadfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Saba Belyani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Masomeh Pormohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Simin Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehrara Hashempor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Elaheh Emadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesYazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Jalilvand
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
| | - Omid Toupchian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical SciencesBojnurd, Iran
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2
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Rajabalizadeh R, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. Medicinal herbs in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3691-3708. [PMID: 35841194 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development entangles with mutation and selection for cells that progressively increase capacity for proliferation and metastasis at the cellular level. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the standard treatments to manage several types of cancer. Chemotherapy is toxic for both normal and cancer cells and can induce unfavorable conditions, such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), that reduce patients' quality of life. Emesis after chemotherapy is categorized into two classes acute and delayed. Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been used in various cultures to manage stomachache, vomiting, and nausea. In this manuscript, the antiemetic mechanisms of several herbal medicines and their preparations such as Zingiber officinale (5-HT, NK-1 receptor and muscarinic antagonist activity), Mentha spicata (5-HT antagonist activity), Scutellaria baicalensis (antioxidant activity), Persumac (useful in delayed phase through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-contractile properties) and Rikkunshito (supportive in acute and delayed phase through 5-HT receptor antagonist activity) have been reviewed to show their potential effects on decreasing CINV and attract scientists attention to formulate more herbal medicine to alleviate CINV in cancer patients. However, it is crucial to say that additional high-quality investigations are required to firmly verify the clinical effectiveness and safety of each plant/compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rajabalizadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Mohamedshah Z, Hayes M, Chadwick-Corbin S, Neilson AP, Ferruzzi MG. Bioaccessibility, gut microbial metabolism and intestinal transport of phenolics from 100% Concord grape juice and whole grapes are similar in a simulated digestion and fecal fermentation model. Food Funct 2022; 13:4315-4330. [PMID: 35297910 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic rich 100% grape juice has been associated with many health benefits, but its place in dietary guidance is controversial relative to whole fruit. Direct comparisons of phenolic profiles and bioavailability between these food forms are needed. Phenolic bioaccessibility and metabolism from Concord (CG) and Niagara (NG) grapes and corresponding 100% juices were investigated using an in vitro digestion coupled with anaerobic gut fermentation model. Intestinal transport of resulting bioaccessible phenolics and microbial metabolites was estimated using a Caco-2 cell model. Total bioaccessible phenolics from both upper and lower digestion were similar (P > 0.05) between NG (400.9 ± 26.3 μmol per 100 g) and NGJ (349.5 ± 8.3 μmol per 100 g) and significantly different (P < 0.05) between CG (417.2 ± 24.4 μmol per 100 g) and CGJ (294.3 ± 45.4 μmol per 100 g) total cellular transport of phenolics was similar (P > 0.05) between whole grapes (89.4 ± 5.3 μmol per 100 g for CG, and 71.8 ± 2.4 μmol per 100 g for NG) and 100% juices (88.0 ± 5.6 μmol per 100 g for CGJ, and 85.3 ± 9.4 μmol per 100 g for NGJ). Differences were observed between the location of phenolic metabolism, bioaccessibility and subsequent cellular transport of individual phenolics between grapes and juice matrices. Specifically, greater amounts of phenolics were transported from grape juices than whole grapes from the upper tract. However, cumulative bioaccessibility and transport from upper and lower GI digestion/fermentation together indicates that the absorbable phenolics from 100% grape juice is similar to that of whole grapes, suggesting that phenolic-mediated health benefits from consumption of whole fruit and juice may be similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Micaela Hayes
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Sydney Chadwick-Corbin
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Andrew P Neilson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA. .,Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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4
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zou L, Cao H, Ni X, Xiao J. Dietary proanthocyanidins on gastrointestinal health and the interactions with gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6285-6308. [PMID: 35114875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PAC) on improving gastrointestinal physiological functions. This review aims to present a comprehensive perspective by focusing on structural properties, interactions and gastrointestinal protection of PAC. In brief, the main findings of this review are summarized as follows: (1) Structural features are critical factors in determining the bioavailability and subsequent pharmacology of PAC; (2) PAC and/or their bacterial metabolites can play a direct role in the gastrointestinal tract through their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties; (3) PAC can reduce the digestion, absorption, and bioavailability of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids by interacting with them or their according enzymes and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract; (4). PAC showed a prebiotic-like effect by interacting with the microflora in the intestinal tract, and the enhancement of PAC on a variety of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. could be associated with potential benefits to human health. In conclusion, the potential effects of PAC in prevention and alleviation of gastrointestinal diseases are remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Vahapoglu B, Erskine E, Gultekin Subasi B, Capanoglu E. Recent Studies on Berry Bioactives and Their Health-Promoting Roles. Molecules 2021; 27:108. [PMID: 35011338 PMCID: PMC8747047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with the increased knowledge about the positive health effects of food bioactives, the eating habits of many individuals have changed to obtain higher nutritional benefits from foods. Fruits are among the most preferred food materials in this regard. In particular, berry fruits are important sources in the diet in terms of their high nutritional content including vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Berry fruits have remedial effects on several diseases and these health-promoting impacts are associated with their phenolic compounds which may vary depending on the type and variety of the fruit coupled with other factors including climate, agricultural conditions, etc. Most of the berries have outstanding beneficial roles in many body systems of humans such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems. Furthermore, they are effective on some metabolic disorders and several types of cancer. In this review, the health-promoting effects of bioactive compounds in berry fruits are presented and the most recent in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies are discussed from a food science and nutrition point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Vahapoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Ezgi Erskine
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
| | - Busra Gultekin Subasi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
- Hafik Kamer Ornek Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey; (B.V.); (E.E.); (B.G.S.)
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Yang Y, Cuenca J, Wang N, Liang Z, Sun H, Gutierrez B, Xi X, Arro J, Wang Y, Fan P, Londo J, Cousins P, Li S, Fei Z, Zhong GY. A key 'foxy' aroma gene is regulated by homology-induced promoter indels in the iconic juice grape 'Concord'. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:67. [PMID: 32337050 PMCID: PMC7166211 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-0304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
'Concord', the most well-known juice grape with a parentage of the North American grape species Vitis labrusca L., possesses a special 'foxy' aroma predominantly resulted from the accumulation of methyl anthranilate (MA) in berries. This aroma, however, is often perceived as an undesirable attribute by wine consumers and rarely noticeable in the common table and wine grape species V. vinifera. Here we discovered homology-induced promoter indels as a major genetic mechanism for species-specific regulation of a key 'foxy' aroma gene, anthraniloyl-CoA:methanol acyltransferase (AMAT), that is responsible for MA biosynthesis. We found the absence of a 426-bp and/or a 42-bp sequence in AMAT promoters highly associated with high levels of AMAT expression and MA accumulation in 'Concord' and other V. labrusca-derived grapes. These promoter variants, all with direct and inverted repeats, were further confirmed in more than 1,300 Vitis germplasm. Moreover, functional impact of these indels was validated in transgenic Arabidopsis. Superimposed on the promoter regulation, large structural changes including exonic insertion of a retrotransposon were present at the AMAT locus in some V. vinifera grapes. Elucidation of the AMAT genetic regulation advances our understanding of the 'foxy' aroma trait and makes it genetically trackable and amenable in grapevine breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhen Yang
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY USA
| | - José Cuenca
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY USA
- Present Address: Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nian Wang
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY USA
- Present Address: College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Benjamin Gutierrez
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY USA
| | - Xiaojun Xi
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY USA
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Arro
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, Geneva, NY USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peige Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jason Londo
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY USA
| | | | - Shaohua Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Sciences and Enology, Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
- US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, NY USA
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7
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Mohamedshah Z, Chadwick-Corbin S, Wightman JD, Ferruzzi MG. Comparative assessment of phenolic bioaccessibility from 100% grape juice and whole grapes. Food Funct 2020; 11:6433-6445. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00792g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Concord and Niagara grape juice have comparable or greater absolute bioaccessibility of major classes of phenolic compounds compared to masticated whole grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar Mohamedshah
- Plants for Human Health Institute
- North Carolina State University
- Kannapolis
- USA
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences
| | | | | | - Mario G. Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute
- North Carolina State University
- Kannapolis
- USA
- Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences
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8
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Govers C, Berkel Kasikci M, van der Sluis AA, Mes JJ. Review of the health effects of berries and their phytochemicals on the digestive and immune systems. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:29-46. [PMID: 29087531 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are generally considered beneficial to health. This health-promoting potential has mainly been ascribed to berries' phytochemical and vitamin content, and little attention has been paid to the potential benefits of berries for the digestive tract, despite this being the first point of contact. In vivo studies that described the health effects of berries on individual parts of the digestive tract (ie, the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, microbiome, and immune system) were reviewed. Immune effects were included because a large part of the immune system is located in the intestine. Beneficial health effects were mainly observed for whole berry extracts, not individual berry components. These effects ranged from support of the immune system and beneficial microbiota to reduction in the number and size of premalignant and malignant lesions. These results demonstrate the potency of berries and suggest berries can serve as a strong adjuvant to established treatments or therapies for a variety of gastrointestinal and immune-related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Muzeyyen Berkel Kasikci
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Addie A van der Sluis
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan J Mes
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Hosseini B, Berthon BS, Saedisomeolia A, Starkey MR, Collison A, Wark PAB, Wood LG. Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and immune cell populations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:136-155. [PMID: 29931038 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of a range of chronic diseases. A diet high in fruit and vegetables may help to reduce inflammation, as fruit and vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, which may improve immune function. OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence, we executed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of fruit and/or vegetable intake on inflammatory biomarkers and immune cells in humans with different diseases and conditions. Design Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to March 2018. RESULTS Eighty-three studies were included. Of these, 71 (86%) were clinical trials, and 12 were observational studies (n = 10 cross-sectional and n = 2 cohort). Amongst the observational research, n = 10 studies found an inverse association between intakes of fruit or vegetables and inflammatory biomarkers. Similarly, the majority of the intervention studies (68%, n = 48) reported beneficial effects of fruit or vegetable intake on ≥1 biomarker of systemic or airway inflammation. A meta-analysis of included studies showed that fruit or vegetable intake decreased circulating levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05) and increased the γδ-T cell population (P < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, this review suggests that higher intakes of fruit and vegetables lead to both a reduction in proinflammatory mediators and an enhanced immune cell profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafshe Hosseini
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bronwyn S Berthon
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malcolm R Starkey
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Peter A B Wark
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Lisa G Wood
- Grow Up Well Priority Research Centre and Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs and, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Mansoor KA, Qadan F, Schmidt M, Qinna NA, Badr M, Matalka KZ. A Functional Food Mixture "Protector" Reinforces the Protective Immune Parameters against Viral Flu Infection in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060743. [PMID: 29890620 PMCID: PMC6024812 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Viral influenza infection causes serious health issues especially when an outbreak occurs. Although influenza virus vaccines are available and each year manufactures modify the vaccine depending on the expected mutated strain, it is still far from satisfactory, mainly in young children and older adults. Therefore, a product that can support and shape the immune system to protect against viral flu infections is highly essential. Methods: A functional food water-soluble mixture of pomegranate, red grape, dates, olive fruit, figs, and ginger extracts, termed herein “Protector”, was prepared and tested in stimulating/modulating the production of specific cytokines, and hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) antibodies following viral flu vaccination in mice. Results: A single intraperitoneal or multiple oral administration for 1–7 days of “Protector” significantly increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-12 in blood, spleen, and lungs of mice. When “Protector” was orally administered for one week following a single vaccine injection (primary immunization) or for two weeks (one week apart) following double vaccine injections (secondary immunization), mice significantly produced higher titers of HAI antibodies. This increase in HAI antibodies was associated with Pillow-inducing significant and different changes in vaccine-induced IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-6 and IL-22 following primary and secondary immunizations. Conclusions: “Protector” administration reinforces the protective immune parameters against viral flu infection. Therefore, after performing preclinical toxicology studies and ensuring its safety, “Protector” should be considered a potential product to be tested in clinical trials to conclude its efficacy in reducing the devastating effects of flu infection in humans and its outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenza A Mansoor
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Fadi Qadan
- Herbresearch Germany, Wartbergweg 15, D-86874 Mattsies, Germany.
| | - Mathias Schmidt
- Herbresearch Germany, Wartbergweg 15, D-86874 Mattsies, Germany.
| | - Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Amman, Jordan.
| | - Mujtaba Badr
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Amman, Jordan.
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11
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Granato D, Magalhães Carrapeiro MD, Fogliano V, van Ruth SM. Effects of geographical origin, varietal and farming system on the chemical composition and functional properties of purple grape juices: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Li C, Feng F, Xiong X, Li R, Chen N. Exercise coupled with dietary restriction reduces oxidative stress in male adolescents with obesity. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:663-668. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1183807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Crowe-White K, Parrott JS, Stote KS, Gutschall M, Benson-Davies S, Droke E, O'Neil CE, Wolfram T, Ziegler P. Metabolic impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on antioxidant/oxidant status and lipid profiles of adults: An Evidence-Based review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:152-162. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Scott Parrott
- Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Scientific Nutrition, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kim S. Stote
- Health Sciences, State University of New York, Empire State College, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Gutschall
- Department of Nutrition and Health Care Management, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sue Benson-Davies
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Health & Nutritional Sciences, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Droke
- South Dakota State University, Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota, USA
| | - Carol E. O'Neil
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Taylor Wolfram
- Evidence-based Practice, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paula Ziegler
- Senior Director, Research/Evidence Analysis, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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14
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Di Lorenzo C, Sousa LPD, Pastor RF, Colombo F, Frigerio G, Restani P. Beneficial effects of non-alcoholic grape-derived products on human health: A literature review. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20150504002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Peluso I, Miglio C, Morabito G, Ioannone F, Serafini M. Flavonoids and Immune Function in Human: A Systematic Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 55:383-95. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.656770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Bovine colostrum enhances natural killer cell activity and immune response in a mouse model of influenza infection and mediates intestinal immunity through toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Nutr Res 2014; 34:318-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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Antioxidant activity of grape products and characterization of components by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-013-9160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Nantz MP, Rowe CA, Muller C, Creasy R, Colee J, Khoo C, Percival SS. Consumption of cranberry polyphenols enhances human γδ-T cell proliferation and reduces the number of symptoms associated with colds and influenza: a randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study. Nutr J 2013; 12:161. [PMID: 24330619 PMCID: PMC3878739 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our main objective was to evaluate the ability of cranberry phytochemicals to modify immunity, specifically γδ-T cell proliferation, after daily consumption of a cranberry beverage, and its effect on health outcomes related to cold and influenza symptoms. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel intervention. Subjects drank a low calorie cranberry beverage (450 ml) made with a juice-derived, powdered cranberry fraction (n = 22) or a placebo beverage (n = 23), daily, for 10 wk. PBMC were cultured for six days with autologous serum and PHA-L stimulation. Cold and influenza symptoms were self-reported. Results The proliferation index of γδ-T cells in culture was almost five times higher after 10 wk of cranberry beverage consumption (p <0.001). In the cranberry beverage group, the incidence of illness was not reduced, however significantly fewer symptoms of illness were reported (p = 0.031). Conclusions Consumption of the cranberry beverage modified the ex vivo proliferation of γδ-T cells. As these cells are located in the epithelium and serve as a first line of defense, improving their function may be related to reducing the number of symptoms associated with a cold and flu. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01398150.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susan S Percival
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Box 110370, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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19
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Amoutzopoulos B, Löker GB, Samur G, Cevikkalp SA, Yaman M, Köse T, Pelvan E. Effects of a traditional fermented grape-based drink 'hardaliye' on antioxidant status of healthy adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:3604-3610. [PMID: 23553618 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidative effects of the traditional grape-based beverage, hardaliye, were investigated with a 40-day randomized controlled clinical trial on 89 healthy adults. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: high hardaliye (HH), low hardaliye (LH) and control group. HH and LH groups consumed 500 mL and 250 mL hardaliye per day, respectively, and the control group did not consume any hardaliye. Dien conjugate (DC), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and homocysteine concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples collected at baseline and after intervention. RESULTS Significant decreases in DC, MDA and homocysteine concentrations were observed in HH and LH groups (P < 0.001) after intervention, whereas the control group showed no change. The reduction in homocysteine was significantly different between HH and LH groups (P < 0.001), except for DC and MDA. TAC and vitamin C were slightly increased; however, the change was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Dietary supplementation with hardaliye affect the MDA, DC and homocysteine levels in blood, possibly due to the presence of antioxidant compounds. Dose response was only observed for homocysteine. Further studies need to be performed to assess the effects on antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birdem Amoutzopoulos
- Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, 41470, Kocaeli, Turkey
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20
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A Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacities of Concord, Purple, Red, and Green Grapes Using the CUPRAC Assay. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:257-64. [PMID: 26784463 PMCID: PMC4665517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering how popular grapes are in terms of their antioxidant benefits, we compared concord, purple, red, and green grapes for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and carbohydrate concentration. All grapes were acquired from commercial sources and samples of each were separated into skinned and not skinned groups. Each whole grape and the skins were individually homogenized and then separated into pulp and supernatant fractions. Each fraction was analyzed for total TAC and carbohydrates. The concord grapes and purple grapes had significantly higher TAC in the homogenates than did the red or green grapes. The concord grapes and green grapes had significantly higher TAC in the pulp than in the cytosol whereas the red and purple grapes had approximately the same amount. The majority of the TAC of the purple and red grapes was in the skin whereas the concord and green grapes had approximately the same TAC in the skin and pulp. The concord and purple grapes had the highest TAC when compared to the red and green grapes, whereas the red and green grapes had approximately the same total TAC.
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21
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Snyder AB, Sweeney CF, Rodriguez-Saona LE, Giusti MM. Rapid authentication of concord juice concentration in a grape juice blend using Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis. Food Chem 2013; 147:295-301. [PMID: 24206721 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Concord grape juice is associated with many health benefits, and so it can be sold at a premium price. However, there is currently no method to verify the percent composition of Concord grape juice in grape juice blends. In order to guard against potential adulteration, a rapid method for authentication is required. Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was used to develop a model which predicts the percent composition of Concord grape juice. The model was based on a training set of 64 samples with Concord concentrations ranging from 50% to 100%. Data was collected on an external validation set with a standard error of prediction of 5.6% using 7 factors. The results suggest the feasibility of using FT-IR coupled with chemometrics as a production-scale tool for authentication claims of Concord in grape juice blends, protecting consumers and businesses against deceptive labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail B Snyder
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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22
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Dalla Corte CL, de Carvalho NR, Amaral GP, Puntel GO, Silva LFA, Retamoso LT, Royes LFF, Bresciani GB, da Cruz IB, Rocha JB, Barrio Lera JP, Soares FA. Antioxidant effect of organic purple grape juice on exhaustive exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:558-65. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the potential protective effect of organic purple grape juice (PGJ) on oxidative stress produced by an exhaustive exercise bout in rats. To test this hypothesis, rats were acutely treated with organic PGJ (Vitis labrusca) and subsequently submitted to an exhaustive exercise bout. Parameters of oxidative stress, such as thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels, 2′,7′,-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) oxidation, and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels (NP-SH) in the brain, skeletal muscle, and blood, were evaluated. Enzyme activity of Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) in the brain, skeletal muscle, and blood were also assayed. Statistical analysis showed that the exhaustive exercise bout increased TBARS levels and DCFH-DA oxidation, and decreased NP-SH levels in rat tissue. Ca2+-ATPase activity was increased in groups exposed to both exercise and PGJ treatment. The results indicate that organic PGJ intake was able to protect against the oxidative damage caused by an exhaustive exercise bout in different rat tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane L. Dalla Corte
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Nélson R. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P. Amaral
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Gustavo O. Puntel
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando A. Silva
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro T. Retamoso
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando F. Royes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B. Bresciani
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivana B.M. da Cruz
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - João B.T. Rocha
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Juan Pablo Barrio Lera
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), Universidad de León, León, Castilla y León, 24071, Spain
| | - Félix A.A. Soares
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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23
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Lawless LJ, Threlfall RT, Meullenet JF, Howard LR. Applying a Mixture Design for Consumer Optimization of Black Cherry, Concord Grape and Pomegranate Juice Blends. J SENS STUD 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J.R. Lawless
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
- Sensory Spectrum, Inc.; New Providence NJ
| | - Renee T. Threlfall
- Institute of Food Science and Engineering; University of Arkansas; 2650 North Young Fayetteville AR 72704
| | - Jean-François Meullenet
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
- Sensory Spectrum, Inc.; New Providence NJ
| | - Luke R. Howard
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR
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24
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Lutz M, Cajas Y, Henríquez C. Phenolics content and antioxidant capacity of Chilean grapes cv. País and Cabernet Sauvignon. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2011.633244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Defining the nature of human γδ T cells: a biographical sketch of the highly empathetic. Cell Mol Immunol 2012; 10:21-9. [PMID: 23085947 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2012.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The elusive task of defining the character of γδ T cells has been an evolving process for immunologists since stumbling upon their existence during the molecular characterization of the α and β T cell receptor genes of their better understood brethren. Defying the categorical rules used to distinctly characterize lymphocytes as either innate or adaptive in nature, γδ T cells inhabit a hybrid world of their own. At opposing ends of the simplified spectrum of modes of antigen recognition used by lymphocytes, natural killer and αβ T cells are particularly well equipped to respond to the 'missing self' and the 'dangerous non-self', respectively. However, between these two reductive extremes, we are chronically faced with the challenge of making peace with the 'safe non-self' and dealing with the inevitable 'distressed self', and it is within this more complex realm γδ T cells excel thanks to their highly empathetic nature. This review gives an overview of the latest insights revealing the unfolding story of human γδ T cells, providing a biographical sketch of these unique lymphocytes in an attempt to capture the essence of their fundamental nature and events that influence their life trajectory. What hangs in their balance is their nuanced ability to differentiate the friends from the foe and the pathological from the benign to help us adapt swiftly and efficiently to life's many stresses.
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26
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Modem S, Dicarlo SE, Reddy TR. Fresh Garlic Extract Induces Growth Arrest and Morphological Differentiation of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:177-86. [PMID: 23050048 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912458581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables is often associated with a reduced risk of developing cancer, particularly breast cancer. Considering that 1 in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in the course of her lifetime, dietary manipulation could have a major impact on the incidence of breast cancer. We report here that fresh extracts of garlic (not boiled) arrested the growth and altered the morphology of MCF7 breast cancer cells. Deregulated levels of E-cadherin, cytokeratin8/18, and β-catenin correlated with the altered phenotype. We propose that early down-regulation of cyclin D1, reduced phosphorylation of ERK1, and increased phosphorylation of eIF2-α triggered the phenotypical changes. Reduced expression of hsp27 and sam68 and elevated levels of Rb and p21 further contributed to the sustained growth reduction. These findings provide a better understanding of the cellular responses to dietary supplements and provide potential options to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini Modem
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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27
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Spettel S, Chughtai B, Feustel P, Kaufman A, Levin RM, De E. A prospective randomized double-blind trial of grape juice antioxidants in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn 2012; 32:261-5. [PMID: 22907790 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Many patients take alternative medications for their lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) either in addition or as a substitute for traditional therapies, despite a lack of clinical data. Grapes products are hypothesized to improve bladder function due to their antioxidant and membrane-protective actions. There is increasing evidence that progression of obstructed bladder dysfunction is related to bladder ischemia, reperfusion injury and free radical damage. We prospectively studied a standardized grape product on urinary symptoms. METHODS Men >45 years with significant LUTS were randomized to 240 ml daily of either 100% Concord grape juice or placebo. Participants were followed with validated questionnaires for LUTS, erectile dysfunction, and quality of life in addition to PSA, uroflow, and serum and urinary antioxidant levels. The primary endpoint was change in LUTS in Male International Continence Symptom score. The secondary endpoint was correlation between the level of antioxidants and changes in symptom scores. RESULTS One hundred thirteen participations were randomized with 96 completing the 3-month follow-up. There was no difference in the primary endpoint between the groups. (ISCmale score improved by a mean of 1.6 points in both groups.) There was no statistical difference between groups by PSA or secondary questionnaires. A statistical significance was found between uroflow rates. Linear regression analysis gave no correlation between antioxidants (serum or urine) and changes in symptom scores or grape juice consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our study did not demonstrate any difference in LUTS in men taking a daily 240 ml 100% grape juice versus placebo after 3 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Spettel
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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