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Li Y, Lu Y, Yu B, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Effect of cordyceps militaris on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal epithelium functions in weaned pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae194. [PMID: 39001695 PMCID: PMC11322740 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of cordyceps militaris (CM) on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions, 180 weaned pigs were randomly assigned into 5 treatments with 6 replicate pens per treatment (6 pigs per pen). Pigs were fed with basal diet (control) or basal diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg CM. The trial lasted for 42 d, and pigs from the control and optimal-dose groups (based on growth performance) were picked for blood and tissue collection (n = 6). Results showed that CM elevated the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased the ratio of feed intake to gain (F:G) in the weaned pigs (P < 0.05). CM supplementation at 100 mg/kg improved the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and gross energy (GE) (P < 0.05). CM not only increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) but also increased the concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in serum (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), d-lactate, and diamine oxidase (DAO) were reduced by CM (P < 0.05). Interestingly, CM elevated the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum and increased the activities of duodenal sucrase and maltase (P < 0.05). Moreover, CM elevated the expression levels of tight-junction proteins ZO-1, claudin-1, and occluding, as well as critical functional genes such as the fatty acid transport protein (FATP1), cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1), and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Importantly, CM increased the concentrations of acetic acid and butyric acid, and elevated the abundances of Bacillus and Lactobacillus in the cecum and colon, respectively (P < 0.05). These results indicated potential benefits of CM in improving the growth of weaned pigs, and such effect may be tightly associated with improvement in antioxidant capacity and intestinal epithelium functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanPing Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, People’s Republic of China
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Sharma H, Sharma N, An SSA. Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus ( Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents. Nutrients 2023; 16:102. [PMID: 38201932 PMCID: PMC10780653 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps, also known as "zombie fungus", is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a "zombie". These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
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Li H, Xu G, Zhu W, Yuan G. Editorial: Application of natural medicinal products in preventing and ameliorating aging-caused cognitive impairment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1059398. [PMID: 36408250 PMCID: PMC9670168 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1059398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Wenhe Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guangxin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China,*Correspondence: Guangxin Yuan,
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Supplementation of lycopene attenuates oxidative stress induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment via Nrf2/NF-κB transcriptional pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:505-516. [PMID: 28974442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, considered as a major culprit in brain aging, triggers cognitive and memory impairment. Lycopene (LYC), a carotenoid pigment, possesses potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, the effects of LYC on oxidative stress-induced cognitive defects and the underlying mechanisms were determined. The behavioral tests, including Y-maze test, locomotor activity and Morris water maze test, revealed that chronic LYC supplementation (50 mg/kg bodyweight per day) alleviated d-galactose induced CD-1 male mice cognitive impairments. LYC ameliorated histopathological damage and restored brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus of mice. LYC also significantly elevated antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in the d-galactose-treated mice serum. Moreover, LYC treatment activated the mRNA expressions of antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1, and downregulated inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in mice hippocampus. Immunohistochemical results also demonstrated that LYC significantly restored the expression of glial cells inflammatory makers Iba-1 and GFAP. Furthermore, LYC attenuated neuronal oxidative damage through activation of Nrf2 signaling and inactivation of NF-κB translocation in a H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y cell model. Therefore, these results illustrated that LYC could ameliorate oxidative stress induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment possibly via mediating Nrf2/NF-κB transcriptional pathway.
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Turgut NH, Mert DG, Kara H, Egilmez HR, Arslanbas E, Tepe B, Gungor H, Yilmaz N, Tuncel NB. Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of D-galactose-induced aging mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:1052-64. [PMID: 26510817 PMCID: PMC11132963 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) has various uses in traditional medicine. However, the effect of M. nigra on cognitive impairment has not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the phenolic acid content and DNA damage protection potential of M. nigra leaf extract and to investigate the extract effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in aging mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phenolic acid content was determined by quantitative chromatographic analysis. DNA damage protection potential was evaluated on pBR322 plasmid DNA. Thirty-two Balb-C mice were randomly divided into four groups (control, d-galactose, d-galactose + M. nigra 50, and d-galactose + M. nigra 100). Mice were administered d-galactose (100 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and M. nigra (50 or 100 mg/kg, orally) daily for 8 weeks. Behavioral responses were evaluated with Morris water maze. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were assayed in serum, brain, and liver. RESULTS In extract, vanillic (632.093 μg/g) and chlorogenic acids (555.0 μg/g) were determined. The extract between 0.02 and 0.05 mg/mL effectively protected all DNA bands against the hazardous effect of UV and H2O2. Morus nigra significantly improved learning dysfunctions (p < 0.01), increased memory retention (p < 0.01), reduced MDA levels (p < 0.05), and elevated SOD, GPx, and CAT activities (p < 0.05) compared with the d-galactose group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results show that M. nigra has the potential in improving cognitive deficits in mice and that M. nigra may be useful to suppress aging, partially due to its scavenging activity of free radicals and high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Hacer Turgut
- Department of Pharmacology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Derya Guliz Mert
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Haki Kara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Emre Arslanbas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Kilis University Faculty of Science and Literature, Kilis, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Gungor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nese Yilmaz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Necati Baris Tuncel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale 18 Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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