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Araruna MEC, Júnior EBA, Serafim CADL, Pessoa MMB, Pessôa MLDS, Alves VP, da Silva MS, Sobral MV, Alves AF, Nunes MKDS, Araújo AA, Batista LM. (-)-Fenchone Prevents Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcers and Accelerates Healing Promoting Re-Epithelialization of Gastric Ulcers in Rats via Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:641. [PMID: 38794211 PMCID: PMC11124074 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Thuja occidentalis L., and Peumus boldus Molina. Pharmacological studies have reported its antinociceptive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant activities. METHODS The preventive antiulcer effects of (-)-Fenchone were assessed through oral pretreatment in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesion models. Gastric healing, the underlying mechanisms, and toxicity after repeated doses were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model with oral treatment administered for 14 days. RESULTS In the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, fenchone (37.5-300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer area and prevented lesion formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, fenchone (150 mg/kg) reduced (p < 0.001) ulcerative injury. These effects were associated with increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Furthermore, treatment with (-)-Fenchone (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB). A 14-day oral toxicity investigation revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, or kidney weight, nor in the biochemical and hematological parameters assessed. (-)-Fenchone protected animals from body weight loss while maintaining feed and water intake. CONCLUSION (-)-Fenchone exhibits low toxicity, prevents duodenal ulcers, and enhances gastric healing activities. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties appear to be involved in its therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elaine Cristina Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Catarina Alves de Lima Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Michelle Liz de Souza Pessôa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Vitória Pereira Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (A.F.A.); (M.K.d.S.N.)
| | - Mayara Karla dos Santos Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (A.F.A.); (M.K.d.S.N.)
| | - Aurigena Antunes Araújo
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58050-585, PB, Brazil; (M.E.C.A.); (E.B.A.J.); (C.A.d.L.S.); (M.M.B.P.); (M.L.d.S.P.); (V.P.A.); (M.S.d.S.); (M.V.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IPeFarM, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil
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Ayuningtyas NF, Hendarti HT, Soebadi B, Condro Surboyo MD, Hadi P, Ganesha R, Ernawati DS, Marsetyo RI. Expression of VEGF and CD-31 in traumatic ulcer of diabetic Wistar rats after application of Citrus limon peel essential oil. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:380-385. [PMID: 37025967 PMCID: PMC10070900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that delays the healing process, including the interruption of the processes of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The etiology of most angiogenic-related diseases, such as diabetes complications, includes the presence of hypoxia caused by declined vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and CD-31. d-limonene, one of the main constituents of Citrus limon, is considered to have angiogenic, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the exact mechanism of this process remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the potential of C. limon as a medication for diabetic ulceration. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) induced with DM and traumatic ulcers on the lower lip mucosa were divided into six groups-three each for control and treatment groups. Control groups were treated with CMC 5% gel, and treatment groups were administered with C. limon peel essential oil gel. The expression of VEGF and CD-31 was observed on days 5, 7, and 9. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with the monoclonal antibodies anti-VEGF and anti-CD-31. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Result An increase in VEGF and CD-31 expression in the treatment group was observed compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Citrus limon peel essential oil gel increased VEGF and CD-31 expression during the healing process of traumatic ulcers in diabetes-afflicted Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hening Tuti Hendarti
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Soebadi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Priyo Hadi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Raziv Ganesha
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Diah Savitri Ernawati
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Riyan Iman Marsetyo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Formiga RDO, Alves Júnior EB, Vasconcelos RC, Araújo AA, de Carvalho TG, de Araújo Junior RF, Guerra GBC, Vieira GC, de Oliveira KM, Diniz MDFFM, Sobral MV, Barbosa Filho JM, Spiller F, Batista LM. Effect of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid on gastric ulcer healing - Involvement of multiple endogenous curative mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:153497. [PMID: 33745762 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid are secondary metabolites found in several medicinal plants and spices. Previous studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective effects. PURPOSE To evaluate their gastroduodenal antiulcer activity, gastric healing and toxicity in experimental models. METHODS Preventive antiulcer effects were assessed using oral pre-treatment on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions and cysteamine-induced duodenal lesions models. Gastric healing, the underlining mechanisms and toxicity after repeated doses were carried out using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model and oral treatment for 14 days. RESULTS In the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and cysteamine-induced duodenal injury, p-cymene and rosmarinic acid (50-200 mg/kg) decreased significantly the ulcer area, and so prevented lesions formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, both compounds (200 mg/kg) markedly reduced the ulcerative injury. These effects were related to an increase in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and interleukin (IL)-10, and due to a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Downregulation of factor nuclear kappa B (NFκB) and enhanced expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 were also demonstrated. Furthermore, positive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and cyclooxygenase (COX-2)-stained cells were increased in treated groups. Treatment also upregulated the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastric tissues. In isolated gastric epithelial cells this healing effect seems to be linked to a modulation of apoptosis, proliferation, survival and protein phosphorylation, such as the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Oral toxicity investigation for 14 days revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys weight nor the biochemical and hematological assessed parameters. p-Cymene and rosmarinic acid also protected animals from body weight loss maintaining feed and water intake. CONCLUSIONS Data altogether suggest low toxicity, antiulcer and gastric healing activities of p-cymene and rosmarinic acid. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties seem to be involved in the curative effect as well as the induction of different factors linked to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Edvaldo Balbino Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Antunes Araújo
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Thaís Gomes de Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Histology and Basic Pathology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | | | - Gerlane Bernardo Coelho Guerra
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Kardilandia Mendes de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Marianna Vieira Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
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Anandakumar P, Kamaraj S, Vanitha MK. D-limonene: A multifunctional compound with potent therapeutic effects. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13566. [PMID: 33289132 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D-limonene or 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene (C10 H16 ) is a monocyclic monoterpene abundant in citrus plants like lemon, orange, and grape. The application of D-limonene in the form of flavor and fragrance additive in perfumes, soaps, foods, and beverages is consistently increased due to its high-quality fragrance property. This review is intended to analyze and delineate every possible available evidence and details about D-limonene with the special focus on its therapeutic efficacy. Many studies have reported that D-limonene effectively plays a valuable role in the prevention of several chronic and degenerative diseases. This review provides worthy information about the beneficial effects of D-limonene such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, immune modulatory, anti-fibrotic, anti-genotoxic etc. This could in turn help in the application of D-limonene for clinical studies. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Various plant families contain Terpenes as their secondary metabolites. Monoterpenes constitute an important part of these secondary metabolites. D-limonene is a well-identified monoterpene that is commonly applied as a fragrance ingredient in essential oils. D-limonene is known to possess remarkable biological activities. It can be effectively used for treating various ailments and diseases. Due to its diverse functions, it can be efficiently utilized for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Anandakumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sattu Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Manickam Kalappan Vanitha
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Assali M, Zohud N. Design of multicomponent indomethacin-paracetamol and famotidine loaded nanoparticles for sustained and effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:448-457. [PMID: 33263203 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Indomethacin is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are widely prescribed drug for pain and inflammation. However, its notoriety of causing gastrointestinal effect, low water solubility, and its short half-life would affect patient compliance and its oral absorption and accordingly justify the need to develop a formula with a controlled and sustained release manner in combination with anti-ulcer drugs. Herein, we synthesized indomethacin-paracetamol co-drug loaded in nanoemulsion and encapsulated in famotiditine loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles. The synthesis of the co-drug was achieved by the formation of a hydrolyzable ester between the indomethacin and paracetamol. The synthesized co-drug was preloading in nanoemulsion (Co-NE), which encapsulated into famotidine PCL nanoparticles utilizing the nanoprecipitation approach. The developed nanosystem showed hydrodynamic size less than 200 nm and the zeta potential value above -30 mV. TEM images confirmed the morphological structure of the formed nanoemulsion and the loaded PCL nanoparticles. Stability studies revealed that the developed nanosystem was stable at different temperatures and pHs over 1 month. Moreover, improvement of the solubilities of these three drugs leading to have a controlled-release multicomponent system of both co-drug and famotidine over 3 days. This multicomponent nanoparticle might be a potential platform to overcome the obstacles of NSAIDs, synergize drugs with different mechanisms of actions by co-encapsulating a small-sized nanoemulsion into PCL nanoparticles for reaching the goal of effective anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nihal Zohud
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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Biological Properties of a Citral-Enriched Fraction of Citrus limon Essential Oil. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091290. [PMID: 32937843 PMCID: PMC7555671 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon essential oil (LEO) is a well-known flavoring agent with versatile biological activities. In the present study, we have isolated and characterized four citral-enriched fractions of winter LEO. We reported that in murine and human macrophages the pre-treatment with a mix of these fractions (Cfr-LEO) reduces the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by LPS. In addition, Cfr-LEO counteracts LPS-induced oxidative stress, as shown by the increase in the GSH/GSSG ratio in comparison to cells treated with LPS alone. Overall, the results reported here encourage the application of EO fractions, enriched in citral, in the nutraceutical industry, not only for its organoleptic properties but also for its protective action against inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Younis NS. D-Limonene mitigate myocardial injury in rats through MAPK/ERK/NF-κB pathway inhibition. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:259-266. [PMID: 32392917 PMCID: PMC7193911 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary reason of mortality, among which myocardial infarction (MI) is the most dominant and prevalent. This study was considered to examine D-Limonene protective action against isoproterenol (ISO) induced MI. Wister male rats were dispersed into four groups. Normal and D-Limonene control group in which rats administered saline or D-Limonene. ISO control animals were administered saline for 21 days then challenged with ISO (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on 20th and 21st day for MI induction. D-Limonene pretreated group in which animals were pretreated with D-Limonene 50 mg/kg orally for 21 days then administered ISO on 20th and 21st day. MI prompted variations were assessed by myocardial infarction area determination, blood pressure (BP) alterations, cardiac injury biomarkers and inflammatory mediators measurements. For more depth investigation, both the apoptotic status was evaluated via measuring mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) signal transduction were investigated via Western blotting. MI group revealed significant infarcted area, blood pressure alterations, myocardial injury enzymes intensification together with inflammatory cytokines amplification. MI was associated with activation of MAPK-ERK signal pathway and apoptotic status within the myocardium. On the other hand, pretreated with D-Limonene demonstrated deterred infracted area, reduced myocardial enzymes, improved BP indices, lessened inflammatory levels. Furthermore, D-Limonene pretreatment caused a decline in MAPK proteins pathway and Bax relative mRNA expression, while intensifying Bcl-2 mRNA expression promoting that D-Limonene may constrain MI induced myocardial apoptosis. D-Limonene mitigated MI injury through MAPK/NF-κB pathway inhibition and anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Safwat Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Limonene: Aroma of innovation in health and disease. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 283:97-106. [PMID: 29427589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products obtained in dietary components may aid the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. Reports in the scientific literature have demonstrated that the consumption of terpenes is a successful alternative in the treatment of several diseases, triggering beneficial biological effects in clinical and preclinical studies. The monoterpene limonene is largely used in alimentary items, cleaning products, and it is one of the most frequent fragrances used in cosmetics formulation. The therapeutic effects of limonene have been extensively studied, proving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antinociceptive, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperalgesic, antiviral, and gastroprotective effects, among other beneficial effects in health. In this review, we collected, presented, and analyzed evidence from the scientific literature regarding the usage of limonene and its activities and underlying mechanisms involved in combating diseases. The highlighting of limonene applications could develop a useful targeting of innovative research in this field as well as the development of a limonene-based phytomedicine which could be used in a variety of conditions of health and disease.
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Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:104-119. [PMID: 28711545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is the damage caused to mucosal layer of the stomach under the action of various factors like high levels of acid and pepsin, invasion by Helicobacter pylori, etc. Although most cases have been controlled and the rate of ulcer occurrence has reduced over the last few decades, gastric ulcer still holds a prime concern today. A range of palliative medicines comprising proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) is widely in use and patients have also been administered with acid suppression therapies. But these remedies aggravate the condition of patients causing severe side effects, or rather impart temporary relief. Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop safe and effective therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Nature provides us various fruits and vegetables that can combat gastric ulcer through multiple mechanisms; predominantly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisecretory, antimicrobial, anticholinergic and cytoprotective activity, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion etc. Various phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins play a vital role in the prevention and cure of gastric ulcer. This review is a compendium of all fruits and vegetables known for their profound antiulcer effect and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Peng L, Xie YF, Wang CG, Wu HG, Liu M, Wang YD, Ma FQ, Chang XR, Yang ZB. MOXIBUSTION ALLEVIATES GASTRIC PRECANCEROUS LESIONS IN RATS BY PROMOTING CELL APOPTOSIS AND INHIBITING PROLIFERATION-RELATED ONCOGENES. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:148-160. [PMID: 28573231 PMCID: PMC5446438 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: It is well known that gastric mucosa dysplasia and intestinal metaplasia are gastric precancerous lesions (GPL). Moxibustion treatment of Liangmen (ST21) and Zusanli (ST36) alleviated the inflammatory response and dysplasia of gastric mucosa in our previous study. The purpose of this study was to further examine the underlying mechanism of moxibustion treatment of ST21 and ST36 on GPL. Materials and Methods: Sixty SD rats were divided into five groups and rats with GPL were treated with either moxibustion (ST), moxibustion (Sham), or vitacoenzyme. B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), tumor protein p53 (P53) and cellular Myc (C-MYC), which are related to cell apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region proteins (Ag-NORs), which are associated with cell proliferation, and cell signaling proteins, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK), were measured after moxibustion treatment. Results: Compared with Control group, gastric mucosa in GPL group showed abnormal mucosal proliferation and pathological mitotic figure, the mRNA expression of bcl-2, P53 and C-MYC increased significantly (P < 0.01), the protein expression of PCNA, VEGF, Ag-NORs and the activity of NF-κβ as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins also increased significantly (P < 0.01). Moxibustion treatment decreased gastric mucosal proliferation and pathological mitotic figure, down-regulated the mRNA expression of bcl-2, P53, C-MYC (P < 0.01), decreased the protein expression of PCNA, VEGF, Ag-NORs and the activity of NF-κβ as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins significantly (P < 0.01). But moxibustion treatment of Sham didn’t show the same effect on GPL. Conclusion: Moxibustion treatment inhibited cell apoptosis and reduced gastric mucosa dysplasia by inhibiting the expression of bcl-2, P53, C-MYC and decreased the activity of NF-κβ as well as EGFR/ERK signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102 PRC
| | - Yu-Feng Xie
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Shenzhen 2 hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Futian hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shenzhen 518000 PRC
| | | | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030 PRC
| | - Mi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 330004 PRC
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102 PRC
| | - Fu-Qiang Ma
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102 PRC
| | - Xiao-Rong Chang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 330004 PRC.,Zong-bao Yang: corresponding author, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zong-Bao Yang
- Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102 PRC.,Zong-bao Yang: corresponding author, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Dutra RC, Campos MM, Santos AR, Calixto JB. Medicinal plants in Brazil: Pharmacological studies, drug discovery, challenges and perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2016; 112:4-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Yi R, Wang R, Sun P, Zhao X. Antioxidant-mediated preventative effect of Dragon-pearl tea crude polyphenol extract on reserpine-induced gastric ulcers. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:338-344. [PMID: 26170959 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dragon-pearl tea is a type of green tea commonly consumed in Southwest China. In the present study, the antioxidative and anti-gastric ulcer effects of Dragon-pearl tea crude polyphenols (DTCP) were determined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with 25, 50 or 100 µg/ml DTCP resulted in notable antioxidant effects in vitro, which manifested as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and OH radical-scavenging activity. Furthermore, using an in vivo mouse model, DTCP was shown to reduce the gastric ulcer area in the stomach, in which the 200 mg/kg DTCP dose exhibited the most marked effect, with a gastric ulcer index inhibitory rate of 72.63%. In addition, DTCP was demonstrated to improve stomach acidity conditions in vivo by increasing the pH and reducing the level of gastric juice, as compared with the reserpine-induced gastric ulcer control mice. Furthermore, DTCP altered the serum levels of a number of oxidation-related biomolecules, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and catalase (CAT), to subsequently exert an anti-gastric ulcer effect. Treatment with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg DTCP increased the SOD, GSH-Px and CAT levels and reduced the MDA and LPO levels in the mouse model of gastric ulcers. These serum level alterations resulted in the modified serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), which are associated with gastric mucosal protection. A reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is a molecular biology experiment which could determine the changes of mRNA in tissues. Using the RT-PCR assay, DTCP was observed to increase the mRNA expression levels of certain genes associated with gastric ulcers: Epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, while reducing gastrin expression levels. Therefore, the results indicated that DTCP induced a marked preventative effect on reserpine-induced gastric ulcers in vivo, as a result of its antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruokun Yi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, P.R. China
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Asad M, Alhomoud M. Proulcerogenic effect of water extract of Boswellia sacra oleo gum resin in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:225-230. [PMID: 25853959 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1028553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The water extract of Boswellia sacra Flueck. (Burseraceae) is used in the treatment of gastric and hepatic disorders in the Arab countries. OBJECTIVE The effect of Boswellia sacra water extract on gastric secretion and experimentally induced gastric ulcers in rats was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acetic acid-induced chronic gastric ulcers, pylorus ligation, aspirin-induced, ethanol-induced, and restraint plus cold stress-induced gastric ulcer models were employed. The effect on normal rats was also studied. The water extract of B. sacra was administered orally at doses of 2 and 5 ml/kg once daily ranging from single dose to 30 d treatment depending on the model. The extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis to determine the presence of various phytoconstituents. RESULTS Boswellia sacra water extract (5 ml/kg, p.o (per os)) aggravated acetic acid-induced chronic ulcers, wherein an increase in ulcer index (p < 0.01) and ulcer score (p < 0.05) was observed. In pylorus-ligated rats, the extract increased gastric content volume (p < 0.01), free acidity (p < 0.01), total acidity (p < 0.01), ulcer index (p < 0.01), and pepsin activity (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on the development of ethanol-induced and aspirin-induced ulcers while an increase in the development of stress-induced ulcers was observed (p < 0.01). The extract did not produce any ulcers when administered to normal rats. The dose of 2 ml/kg was less proulcerogenic compared with 5 ml/kg. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytoconstituents that included menthol, 3-cyclohexen-1-ol, and octanoic acid. CONCLUSION Boswellia sacra water extract has proulcerogenic activity due to its gastric hypersecretory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asad
- a College of Applied Medical Colleges, Shaqra University , Shaqra , Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alhomoud
- a College of Applied Medical Colleges, Shaqra University , Shaqra , Saudi Arabia
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Volpato GT, Francia-Farje LA, Damasceno DC, Oliveira RV, Hiruma-Lima CA, Kempinas WG. Effect of essential oil from Citrus aurantium in maternal reproductive outcome and fetal anomaly frequency in rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:407-15. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus aurantium L., commonly known as bitter orange, is widely used in folk medicine, but there is little data in the literature about the effects on pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of essential oil obtained from fruits of Citrus aurantium on the maternal reproductive outcome and fetal anomaly incidence in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomized into four groups (n minimum = 12 animals/group): G1 = control, G2 to G4 = treated with essential oil from C. aurantium at dose 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Rats were orally treated, by gavage, with plant essential oil or vehicle during pre-implantation and organogenic period (gestational day 0-14). On gestational day 20 the rats were anaesthetized and the gravid uterus was weighed with its contents and the fetuses were analyzed. Results showed that the treated group with 500 mg/kg presented decreased placental weights and placental index, although the treatment with bitter orange essential oil did not show any alteration in maternal reproductive performance, toxicological effect, changes in ossification sites, and malformation index. In conclusion, the treatment of Citrus aurantium essential oil was not teratogenic and did not alter the maternal reproductive outcome.
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Genovese S, Fiorito S, Locatelli M, Carlucci G, Epifano F. Analysis of biologically active oxyprenylated ferulic acid derivatives in Citrus fruits. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 69:255-260. [PMID: 24928688 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-014-0427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
4'-Geranyloxyferulic (GOFA) and boropinic acid have been discovered during the last decade as interesting phytochemicals having valuable pharmacological effects as cancer chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-Helicobacter pylori agents. A reverse-phase HPLC-UV/Vis method for the separation and quantification of the title oxyprenylated ferulic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from peels of nine edible Citrus and Fortunella fruits was successfully applied. Concentration values showed a great variation between the different species, being orange (C. sinensis) the fruit richest in GOFA (0.141 ± 0.011 mg/g of exocarp fresh weight) and kumquat (Fortunella japonica) the one in which boropinic acid was recorded as the most abundant phytochemical (0.206 ± 0.002 mg/g of exocarp fresh weight). Both secondary metabolites were not detected only in three species. The set-up methodology showed limits of quantification (LOQ) values, that were able to selectively quantify both GOFA and boropinic acid. Results described herein depict a potential chemopreventive dietary feeding role for the Rutaceae spp. under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Genovese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti Scalo, (CH), Italy,
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Bonamin F, Moraes TM, Dos Santos RC, Kushima H, Faria FM, Silva MA, Junior IV, Nogueira L, Bauab TM, Souza Brito ARM, da Rocha LRM, Hiruma-Lima CA. The effect of a minor constituent of essential oil from Citrus aurantium: the role of β-myrcene in preventing peptic ulcer disease. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:11-9. [PMID: 24480520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The monoterpene β-myrcene has been widely used in cosmetics, food and beverages, and it is normally found in essential oil from citrus fruit. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-ulcer effects of β-myrcene on experimental models of ulcers that are induced by ethanol, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), stress, Helicobacter pylori, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and cysteamine in order to compare with the essential oil of Citrus aurantium and its major compound limonene. The results indicate that the oral administration of β-myrcene at a dose of 7.50mg/kg has important anti-ulcer activity with significantly decreased gastric and duodenal lesions as well as increased gastric mucus production. The results showed treatment with β-myrcene caused a significant increase in mucosal malondialdehyde level (MDA), an important index of oxidative tissue damage. The β-myrcene was also endowed with marked enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activity from GR system as evidenced by the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and total glutathione in gastric tissue. Our results also shown that treatment with β-myrcene is not involved with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. Our results reveal, for the first time, the importance of β-myrcene as an inhibitor of gastric and duodenal ulcers and demonstrate that an increase in the levels of gastric mucosa defence factors is involved in the anti-ulcer activity of β-myrcene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bonamin
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Moraes
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Dos Santos
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Kushima
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Faria
- Univ. Estadual Campinas-UNICAMP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Silva
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan V Junior
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Nogueira
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais M Bauab
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, CEP 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Alba R M Souza Brito
- Univ. Estadual Campinas-UNICAMP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biologia, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia R M da Rocha
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Clélia A Hiruma-Lima
- Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP - Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, c.p. 510, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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