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Gupta S, Burman S, Nair AB, Chauhan S, Sircar D, Roy P, Dhanwat M, Lahiri D, Mehta D, Das R, Khalil HE. Brassica oleracea Extracts Prevent Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:50-62. [PMID: 35465108 PMCID: PMC9007711 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effect of extracts from flowers of Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated disorders. Three different doses of each extract (petroleum ether, ethanol, and aqueous) were administered orally for 42 days. Biochemical parameters, behavioral studies, and histological studies were measured at different periods. Mortality was found to be nil up to 2,000 mg/kg. Statistically significant (P<0.001) improvement in serum glucose level was observed in the groups receiving 400 mg/kg of petroleum ether, aqueous, or ethanol extracts compared with the negative control group. Insulin level was decreased by aqueous extracts, whereas lipid profiles were improved by aqueous and ethanol extracts. A reduction in transfer latency was observed in treatments of all three extract types. Ethanol extract treatment (400 mg/kg) showed maximum percentage inhibition in a lipid peroxidation assay. Additionally, the aqueous and ethanol extract treatments markedly reduced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Histological results showed that high doses of extracts alleviated the damages induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus in various organs and bones. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that B. oleracea has the potential to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Satish Burman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Meenakshi Dhanwat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Dinesh Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Kumar S, Yadav Ravulapalli S, Kumar Tiwari S, Gupta S, Nair AB, Jacob S. Effect of sex and food on the pharmacokinetics of different classes of BCS drugs in rats after cassette administration. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121221. [PMID: 34695535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The cassette dosing technique is employed in the drug discovery stage of non-clinical studies to obtain pharmacokinetic data from multiple drug candidates in a single experiment. The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the effect of sex and food on the selected pharmacokinetic parameters of four biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) drugs (BCS-I: propranolol, BCS-II: diclofenac, BCS-III: atenolol, and BCS-IV: acetazolamide) utilizing cassette dosing in male and female rats under fed and fasting conditions. Different animal groups were dosed intravenous (i.v) and oral at 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, in the form of cassette at a dose of 5 mL/kg. Blood samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated using Phoenix software version 8.1. A significant increase (p < 0.05) of the area under the plasma concentration-time (AUC0-last) was observed for diclofenac and acetazolamide in females over males after i.v dosing. Additionally, acetazolamide showed greater instantaneous concentration at the time of dosing, and clearance in females (p < 0.05) compared to males after i.v administration. After oral dosing, propranolol exhibited significant variations (p < 0.05) in the maximum drug concentration (Cmax), AUC0-last, the volume of distribution (Vd), and bioavailability in females as compared to males under fed state. Diclofenac showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in AUC0-last, and clearance (Cl) in females as compared to males under fasting and fed state. However, acetazolamide exhibited a significant enhancement (p < 0.05) in AUC0-last, Vd, and Cl in fasting females than the males. The data here illustrates that there is an appreciable difference in AUC and Cmax values exist in male and female rats under fed and fasting conditions administered with the cassette dosing of tested BCS class drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar
- M M College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar Tiwari
- Aragen Life Sciences Private Limited, Plot No. 28 A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- M M College of Pharmacy, M. M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
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Mechanisms of Antidiabetic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves in Nicotinamide/Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111609. [PMID: 33228177 PMCID: PMC7699557 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to establish the mechanisms of antidiabetic activity of methanolic extract of Punica granatum leaves (MEPGL) in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, and acute toxicity study of MEPGL were carried out. Various concentrations of MEPGL (100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) were administered orally to diabetic rats for 45 days on a daily basis. The antidiabetic effect of MEPGL was examined by measuring blood glucose, plasma insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, as well as with an oral glucose tolerance test. The antioxidant effect of MEPGL was determined by analyzing hepatic and renal antioxidant markers, namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation. The other biochemical markers alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine, as well as total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were also studied. Type 2 diabetes significantly altered these parameters, while oral administration of the MEPGL significantly ameliorated them. Moreover, the pancreatic histopathological changes were attenuated with MEPGL treatment. In a nutshell, oral MEPGL administration in diabetic rats showed antidiabetic activity due to its antioxidant activity, most probably due to the gallic acid, ellagic acid, and apigenin found in MEPGL.
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Al-Dhubiab BE, Patel SS, Morsy MA, Duvva H, Nair AB, Deb PK, Shah J. The Beneficial Effect of Boswellic Acid on Bone Metabolism and Possible Mechanisms of Action in Experimental Osteoporosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103186. [PMID: 33081068 PMCID: PMC7603128 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is instrumental in the pathological process of osteoporosis because a deficiency of this hormone increases the release of bone-resorbing cytokines. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a constituent from Boswellia serrata, has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which leads to a decline in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand, and consequently, a reduction in osteoclast activity. Hence, AKBA may be beneficial against bone loss during osteoporosis. Therefore, the current study intended to evaluate the beneficial effects of AKBA in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and to investigate its mechanism of action. Sham-operation or ovariectomy female Sprague Dawley rats were used for evaluating the antiosteoporotic effect of AKBA in this study. AKBA (35 mg/kg, p.o.) and estradiol (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) were administered for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body and uterus weights, serum and urine calcium and phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urinary creatinine levels, besides serum levels of NF-κB and TNF-α were determined. Weight, length, thickness, hardness, calcium content, as well as the bone mineral density of femur bone and lumbar vertebra were measured. A histopathological examination was also carried out. AKBA ameliorated all tested parameters and restored a normal histological structure. Thus, AKBA showed good antiosteoporotic activity, which may be mediated through its suppression of the NF-κB-induced TNF-α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar E. Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (A.B.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-505-845-758
| | - Snehal S. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (S.S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (A.B.N.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Harika Duvva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India; (S.S.P.); (H.D.)
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.M.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Pran Kishore Deb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan;
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India;
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Nair AB, Gupta S, Al-Dhubiab BE, Jacob S, Shinu P, Shah J, Morsy MA, SreeHarsha N, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Akrawi SH. Effective Therapeutic Delivery and Bioavailability Enhancement of Pioglitazone Using Drug in Adhesive Transdermal Patch. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11070359. [PMID: 31340601 PMCID: PMC6681070 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11070359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of pioglitazone as an oral therapy is restricted due to various challenges. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the suitability of pioglitazone in adhesive transdermal patch as an alternative delivery system, in order to improve therapeutic delivery. Drug in adhesive pioglitazone (2% w/w) transdermal patch were optimized for drug release, suitable adhesive, and skin permeation enhancer. The selected patch was examined for drug-loading capacity and the patch with greater pioglitazone (6% w/w) was evaluated in rat models. The release of pioglitazone was influenced by the tested adhesive and was shown to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) with patch, prepared using Duro-Tak 87-2516. The ex vivo permeation results substantiate the release data as a greater transdermal flux (15.67 ± 2.35 µg/cm2/h) was demonstrated in patch fabricated with Duro-Tak 87-2516. Skin penetration enhancers promoted the ex vivo transdermal delivery of pioglitazone, and was ~2 folds (p < 0.0001) higher with propylene glycol, as compared to patch without enhancer. The maximum solubility of pioglitazone in Duro-Tak 87-2516 was found to be 6% w/w. Increasing the drug content in patch enhanced the transdermal flux and was highest when the pioglitazone level was 6% w/w (72.68 ± 5.76 µg/cm2/h). In vivo pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that the AUC0-α in transdermal application (13,506.51 ± 1649.92 ng·h/mL) was ~2 times higher (p < 0.0001) as compared to oral dosage form. In conclusion, the promising results observed here signifies that developed patch could be a viable alternative for oral therapy of pioglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133203, India
| | - Bandar E Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, UAE
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohamed Aly Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sabah H Akrawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Chattopadhyaya I, Gupta S, Mohammed A, Mushtaq N, Chauhan S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S. Neuroprotective effect of Spirulina fusiform and amantadine in the 6-OHDA induced Parkinsonism in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:296. [PMID: 26306668 PMCID: PMC4548915 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multi-factorial etiology exists in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. The imbalance of anti-oxidant enzymes and dopamine level leads to Parkinsonism. The objective of this study was to assess the protective effect of Spirulina fusiform alone and in combination with amantadine against Parkinsonism effect in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced rat model. METHODS S. fusiform was administered in different groups (500 mg/kg, once daily and twice daily) and a combination of spirulina (500 mg/kg, once daily) with amantadine (20 mg/kg once daily) for 30 days before and 14 days after a single injection of 6-OHDA into the dorsal striatum. Post lesion produced rotational behavior which was measured at two week intervals (37th and 44th day). Locomotors activity was also done at 44th and muscle coordination at 48th day. Dorsal striatum was isolated from rat brain for evaluating the antioxidant assays and dopamine content at 49th day. RESULTS Both the body rotations (ipsilateral and contralateral) were found to have a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease by 34.26 and 52% after treatment with spirulina (Twice a day) in spirulina treated lesioned group. A higher percentage of improvement was shown in the reduction of ipsilateral (57.34%) and contralateral (78.3%) rotations in combination of spirulina with amantadine treated lesioned group rather than spirulina alone treated lesioned groups when compared with positive control lesioned group. Body movements and locomotor activity were improved statistically (p<0.0001) significant in both treated lesioned groups (Combination of spirulina with amantadine and spirulina twice daily). Similar results were also seen in anti-oxidant levels which later on reached to the normal value. The levels of dopamine content had a statistically significant (p<0.0001) increase by 78.3% only in case of spirulina with amantadine treated lesioned group. CONCLUSION Spirulina is a potent nutraceutical supplement all over the world, so my preclinical study may contribute to give an additional adjuvant drug therapy in aging related disorders (Neurodegenerative as well as diabetes associated neurodegenerative disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India.
| | - Asad Mohammed
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Mushtaq
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - S Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, (Ambala), Haryana, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- FDD-NDDS Lipid Research Group, Sun Pharma Advance Research Centre, Vadodra, Gujarat, India
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