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Zhao H, Zhang G, Wang D, Liu Z, Chen R, Zhang W, Li C. Tracing the geographic origin of velvet antlers in China via stable isotope analyses. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17527-17535. [PMID: 35765426 PMCID: PMC9190275 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multielement (H, C, N, O) stable isotope ratio analysis was used to discriminate the geographical origin of velvet antlers (VAs) of deer from ten provinces in China. Ratios of 2H/1H, 13C/12C, 15N/14N, and 18O/16O in the VA samples were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were highly significant differences in the mean isotopic values and in four isotopic ratios between VA samples from the ten provinces. The most significant difference among the four isotope ratios was in δ2H ratio of VA samples; regions with a more humid climate and higher average ambient temperatures had higher δ2H ratios than those with dry climates and lower temperatures. These results demonstrate that the multiple stable isotopic ratio approach is a powerful tool to help trace the geographical origin of VAs, and could be adopted by government officials to help protect consumer interests from improper labeling in VA markets. Multielement (H, C, N, O) stable isotope ratio analysis was used to discriminate the geographical origin of velvet antlers (VAs) of deer from ten provinces in China.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China 266109
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914.,Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China 266109.,Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Rui Chen
- Basic Medical College in Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Special Animals and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changchun China 130112
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University Changchun China 130600 +8617790067914
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Du F, Zhao H, Yao M, Yang Y, Jiao J, Li C. Deer antler extracts reduce amyloid-beta toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114850. [PMID: 34801608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Velvet antler extracts (VAE) are composed of a variety of active substances and growth factors, and have been reported to improve sleep quality and memory. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore the protective effects and mechanism of action for VAE on Alzheimer's disease (AD) using a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans model. MATERIALS AND METHODS C. elegans were cultivated at 40% relative humidity on solid nematode growth medium (NGM) containing live E. coli (OP50) as the food source, with Strain N2 (normal) held at 20 °C and the CL4176s (transgenic) held at 16 °C. AD-like aggregation of Aβ peptide in the CL4176s strain is induced by lifting the temperature to 25 °C. Nematodes were treated with three types of VAEs and Resveratrol (positive control). Analyses included qRT-PCR for quantification of gene transcripts of interest; ELISA for measuring levels of amyloid-β protein; Thioflavin T fluorescent staining for localizing Aβ depositions; assays for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). RESULTS VAEs reduced β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) toxicity in the transgenic C. elegans model. An enzymatically-digested VAE (EDVAE) was superior to both a cold-water VAE (CWVAE) and a hot-water VAE (HWVAE) from the same velvet antler. EDVAE treatment reduced the severity of the Aβ-induced paralysis phenotype and decreased the amount of Aβ deposits in the AD model nematodes, and these effects were found to be significantly better than that of the positive control Resveratrol. In addition, EDVAE treatment reduced production of ROS (induced by Aβ), enhanced SOD activity, and elevated expression levels of antioxidant-related transcription factors, although it is not known whether these effects were achieved directly or indirectly. CONCLUSION EDVAE had a protective role in Aβ-induced toxicity in the transgenic AD nematodes, possibly through reducing accumulation of toxic Aβ and enhancing the ability of nematodes to resist oxidative stress. Thus, EDVAE has potential to be an effective treatment to relieve the symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Du
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China.
| | - Haiping Zhao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Mengjie Yao
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, 130112, China.
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jingxue Jiao
- Ophthalmology Department, Secondary Hospital, Jilin University, China.
| | - Chunyi Li
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600, China.
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Neurotherapeutic Potential of Cervus elaphus Sibericus on Axon Regeneration and Growth Cone Reformation after H 2O 2-Induced Injury in Rat Primary Cortical Neurons. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090833. [PMID: 34571710 PMCID: PMC8471249 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cervus elaphus sibericus (CES), commonly known as deer antler, has been used as a medicinal herb because of its various pharmacological activities, including its anti-infective, anti-arthritic, anti-allergic, and anti-oxidative properties. However, the precise mechanisms by which CES functions as a potent anti-oxidative agent remain unknown; particularly, the effects of CES on cortical neurons and its neurobiological mechanism have not been examined. We used primary cortical neurons from the embryonic rat cerebral cortex and hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress and damage in neurons. After post-treatment of CES at three concentrations (10, 50, and 200 µg/mL), the influence of CES on the neurobiological mechanism was assessed by immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR. CES effectively prevented neuronal death caused by hydrogen peroxide-induced damage by regulating oxidative signaling. In addition, CES significantly induced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated genes. We also observed newly processing elongated axons after CES treatment under oxidative conditions. In addition, filopodia tips generally do not form a retraction bulb, called swollen endings. Thus, CES shows therapeutic potential for treating neurological diseases by stimulating neuron repair and regeneration.
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Baek SY, Li FY, Kim JH, Ahn C, Kim HJ, Kim MR. Protein Hydrolysate of Silkworm Pupa Prevents Memory Impairment Induced by Oxidative Stress in Scopolamine-Induced Mice via Modulating the Cholinergic Nervous System and Antioxidant Defense System. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020; 25:389-399. [PMID: 33505933 PMCID: PMC7813599 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2020.25.4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) is an edible insect that has been reported to contain high-quality proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, and to possess high antioxidant activity. However, there have been no studies on the neuroprotective effects of silkworm pupae. Therefore, we investigated a water extract of silkworm pupae with protease (WSP) as a functional and therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders. First, we evaluated the effect of WSP on oxidative stress-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). Cell viability diminished by addition of glutamate but was significantly recovered by WSP treatment. Furthermore, WSP significantly decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced cells. In addition, in scopolamine-treated mice, WSP attenuated memory impairment, as demonstrated in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests, indicating protection of neuronal cells against oxidative damage. Moreover, WSP prevented scopolamine-induced increases in acetylcholinesterase activity and decreases in choline-acetyltransferase activity. Finally, treatment with WSP enhanced the antioxidant defense system by regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Overall, this study showed that WSP exerted antioxidant and memory enhancing action against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Fu Yi Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Changwon Ahn
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Hun Jung Kim
- Department Health Food Development Team, R&D Center, Nongshim Co., Ltd., Seoul 07057, Kor
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Kim HJ, Baek SY, Sok DE, Lee KJ, Kim YJ, Kim MR. Neuroprotective Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Ribes diacanthum Pall against Oxidative Stress in Glutamate-Stimulated HT-22 Cells and a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Animal Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090895. [PMID: 32967207 PMCID: PMC7555254 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribes diacanthum Pall, a native Mongolian medicinal plant, has been reported to show antioxidant activities due to its polyphenol and flavonoid content, and is especially rich in the ethyl acetate fraction from an 80% methanol extraction (RDP). We assessed the cytoprotective effect of RDP on glutamate-caused oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22 cells). Cell viability was significantly recovered by RDP treatment. Also, RDP effectively decreased the glutamate-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In flow cytometric analysis, apoptotic cells and the mitochondrial membrane potential were suppressed by RDP. In the Western blotting analysis, we found that RDP not only decreased the release of apoptotic proteins but also recovered anti-apoptotic protein. Additionally, RDP enhanced the antioxidant defense system by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, treatment with RDP activated the BDNF/TrkB pathway. In accordance with the in vitro results, RDP meliorated memory deficit by defending hippocampal neuronal cells against oxidative damage in scopolamine-injected mice. Taken together, our present study showed that RDP exerted antioxidant and neuroprotective actions against oxidative stress. Therefore, RDP might facilitate the development of candidates for functional health foods for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Seung Yeon Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Dai-Eun Sok
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Kun Jong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Soongeui Women’s College, Seoul 04628, Korea;
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and technology, Seoul 01811, Korea;
| | - Mee Ree Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.Y.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-6837; Fax: +82-42-821-8887
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Bi J, Wang X, Zhou Y, Hou J. Preparation and Characterization for Peptide-Chelated Calcium of Deer Bone. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuo Bi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University
- College of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Jiaxing Vocational Technology College
| | - Yajun Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University
| | - Jumin Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University
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Jeon Y, Kim B, Kim JE, Kim BR, Ban S, Jeong JH, Kwon O, Rhie SJ, Ahn CW, Kim JH, Jung SU, Park SH, Lyoo IK, Yoon S. Effects of Ganglioside on Working Memory and the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:489-514. [PMID: 27109158 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined whether the administration of ganglioside, an active ingredient of deer bone extract, can improve working memory performance by increasing gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment. Seventy-five individuals with subjective cognitive impairment were chosen to receive either ganglioside (330[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day or 660[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/day) or a placebo for 8 weeks. Changes in working memory performance with treatment of either ganglioside or placebo were assessed as cognitive outcome measures. Using voxel-based morphometry and functional connectivity analyses, changes in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN were also assessed as brain outcome measures. Improvement in working memory performance was greater in the ganglioside group than in the placebo group. The ganglioside group, relative to the placebo group, showed greater increases in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN. A significant relationship between increased functional connectivity of the precuneus and improved working memory performance was observed in the ganglioside group. The current findings suggest that ganglioside has cognitive-enhancing effects in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment. Ganglioside-induced increases in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in the DMN may partly be responsible for the potential nootropic effects of ganglioside. The clinical trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02379481).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jieun E Kim
- * Ewha Brain Institute, South Korea.,† Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, South Korea
| | - Bori R Kim
- * Ewha Brain Institute, South Korea.,† Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, South Korea
| | - Soonhyun Ban
- * Ewha Brain Institute, South Korea.,† Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyang Jeong
- ¶ Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- ‡ Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, College of Health Sciences, South Korea
| | - Sandy Jeong Rhie
- § College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Won Ahn
- ∥ Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- ∥ Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Ug Jung
- ∥ Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- ∥ Research and Development Center, Nong Shim Co., Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- * Ewha Brain Institute, South Korea.,† Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, South Korea.,§ College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- * Ewha Brain Institute, South Korea.,† Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, South Korea
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Du CN, Min AY, Kim HJ, Shin SK, Yu HN, Sohn EJ, Ahn CW, Jung SU, Park SH, Kim MR. Deer bone extract prevents against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. J Med Food 2014; 18:157-65. [PMID: 25546299 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deer bone has been used as a health-enhancing food as well as an antiaging agent in traditional Oriental medicine. Recently, the water extract of deer bone (DBE) showed a neuroprotective action against glutamate or Aβ1-42-induced cell death of mouse hippocampal cells by exerting antioxidant activity through the suppression of MAP kinases. The present study is to examine whether DBE improves memory impairment induced by scopolamine. DBE (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for 14 days, and then scopolamine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered together with DBE for another 7 days. Memory performance was evaluated in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and passive avoidance test. Also, brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, biomarkers of oxidative stress and the loss of neuronal cells in the hippocampus, was evaluated by histological examinations. Administration of DBE significantly restored memory impairments induced by scopolamine in the MWM test (escape latency and number of crossing platform area), and in the passive avoidance test. Treatment with DBE inhibited the AChE activity and increased the ChAT activity in the brain of memory-impaired mice induced by scopolamine. Additionally, the administration of DBE significantly prevented the increase of lipid peroxidation and the decrease of glutathione level in the brain of mice treated with scopolamine. Also, the DBE treatment restored the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase to control the level. Furthermore, scopolamine-induced oxidative damage of neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions were prevented by DBE treatment. It is suggested that DBE may be useful for memory improvement through the regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activities and the suppression of oxidative damage of neurons in the brain of mice treated with scopolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Nan Du
- 1 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University , Daejon, Korea
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