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Atta IS, Elnady MR, Alghamdi AG, Alghamdi AH, Aboulata AA, Shatla IM. Assessing the hepatoprotective effects of hesperidin on liver-associated disorders in albino rats with experimentally induced obesity and type II diabetes: A histological and biochemical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16031. [PMID: 37215885 PMCID: PMC10196525 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin (HSP) has multiple beneficial effects in verities of clinical situations including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM Determination of curative effects of HSP on the liver in T2DM rats through biochemical and histopathological studies. METHODS Animals. Fifty rats were enrolled. 10 rats were fed a normal diet (control group), and the remaining 40 rats received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. The HFD-fed rats were grouped into Group II: 10 rats, and Group III: 10 rats received HSP 100 mg/kg. Group IV: 10 rats received a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), 30 mg/kg, and Group V: 10 rats received STZ and HSP. Body weight, Blood glucose, insulin level, liver enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative stress, TNF-α, NF-κB, and liver biopsy were estimated. RESULTS there is improvement in the histological profile of the steatosis in HFD-fed rats treated with HSP either in group III or in group V (received STZ) along with amelioration in blood glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, lipid profile, oxidative profile, TNF-α, and NF-κB. CONCLUSION HSP in this STZ model revealed an improvement in steatosis, biochemical markers, and histologic findings. By studying these factors, we expected to identify the prospective targets for intervention that could help improve outcomes for individuals with obesity and diabetes-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shafek Atta
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Elnady
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Ali G. Alghamdi
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alaa A. Aboulata
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
- Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Shatla
- Physiology Department, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
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Kropp M, Golubnitschaja O, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Sargheini N, Vo TTKS, de Clerck E, Polivka J, Potuznik P, Polivka J, Stetkarova I, Kubatka P, Thumann G. Diabetic retinopathy as the leading cause of blindness and early predictor of cascading complications-risks and mitigation. EPMA J 2023; 14:21-42. [PMID: 36866156 PMCID: PMC9971534 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-023-00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) the sequel of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The current screening process for the DR risk is not sufficiently effective such that often the disease is undetected until irreversible damage occurs. Diabetes-associated small vessel disease and neuroretinal changes create a vicious cycle resulting in the conversion of DR into PDR with characteristic ocular attributes including excessive mitochondrial and retinal cell damage, chronic inflammation, neovascularisation, and reduced visual field. PDR is considered an independent predictor of other severe diabetic complications such as ischemic stroke. A "domino effect" is highly characteristic for the cascading DM complications in which DR is an early indicator of impaired molecular and visual signaling. Mitochondrial health control is clinically relevant in DR management, and multi-omic tear fluid analysis can be instrumental for DR prognosis and PDR prediction. Altered metabolic pathways and bioenergetics, microvascular deficits and small vessel disease, chronic inflammation, and excessive tissue remodelling are in focus of this article as evidence-based targets for a predictive approach to develop diagnosis and treatment algorithms tailored to the individual for a cost-effective early prevention by implementing the paradigm shift from reactive medicine to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) in primary and secondary DR care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kropp
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nafiseh Sargheini
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-Von-Linne-Weg 10, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Trong-Tin Kevin Steve Vo
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eline de Clerck
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, and Biomedical Centre, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Potuznik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Polivka
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Plzen, and Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Gabriele Thumann
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,Ophthalmology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Hu J, Wang J, Gan QX, Ran Q, Lou GH, Xiong HJ, Peng CY, Sun JL, Yao RC, Huang QW. Impact of Red Yeast Rice on Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Possible Mechanisms of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10441-10455. [PMID: 32854499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases constitute a major public health burden and are linked with high morbidity and mortality. They comprise atherosclerosis dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, there is no single drug that can simultaneously treat multiple diseases with complex underlying mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a class of adjuvant drugs that block the development of metabolic diseases from a preventive perspective. Red yeast rice is a food fermentation product widely used to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis. Modern pharmacology has shown that red yeast rice exerts potential protective effects on the liver, pancreas, blood vessels, and intestines. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze and summarize the effect of red yeast rice on several metabolic diseases and the mechanisms of action involved. It was found that red yeast rice may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Hua Lou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yi Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Lin Sun
- Sichuan Fuzheng Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren-Chuan Yao
- Sichuan Fermentation Traditional Chinese Medicine Engineering Research Center, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Wan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
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Anti-Diabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Polysaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142556. [PMID: 31337059 PMCID: PMC6680889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, heterogeneous metabolic disorder, causing various health complications and economic issues, which apparently impacts the human's life. Currently, commercial diabetic drugs are clinically managed for diabetic treatment that has definite side effects. Dietary polysaccharides mainly derive from natural sources, including medicinal plants, grains, fruits, vegetables, edible mushroom, and medicinal foods, and possess anti-diabetic potential. Hence, this review summarizes the effects of dietary polysaccharides on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms related to inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and diabetes in various animal models. The analysis of literature and appropriate data on anti-diabetic polysaccharide from electronic databases was conducted. In vivo and in vitro trials have revealed that treatment of these polysaccharides has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, which enhance pancreatic β-cell mass and alleviates β-cell dysfunction. It enhances insulin signaling pathways through insulin receptors and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and eventually modulates ERK/JNK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, dietary polysaccharides can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and, thus, consumption of polysaccharides can be a valuable choice for diabetic control.
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Barrière DA, Noll C, Roussy G, Lizotte F, Kessai A, Kirby K, Belleville K, Beaudet N, Longpré JM, Carpentier AC, Geraldes P, Sarret P. Combination of high-fat/high-fructose diet and low-dose streptozotocin to model long-term type-2 diabetes complications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:424. [PMID: 29323186 PMCID: PMC5765114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is fueled by added fructose consumption. Here, we thus combined high-fat/high-fructose diet, with multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin (HF/HF/Stz) to emulate the long-term complications of T2DM. HF/HF/Stz rats, monitored over 56 weeks, exhibited metabolic dysfunctions associated with the different stages of the T2DM disease progression in humans: an early prediabetic phase characterized by an hyperinsulinemic period with modest dysglycemia, followed by a late stage of T2DM with frank hyperglycemia, normalization of insulinemia, marked dyslipidemia, hepatic fibrosis and pancreatic β-cell failure. Histopathological analyses combined to [18F]-FDG PET imaging further demonstrated the presence of several end-organ long-term complications, including reduction in myocardial glucose utilization, renal dysfunction as well as microvascular neuropathy and retinopathy. We also provide for the first time a comprehensive µ-PET whole brain imaging of the changes in glucose metabolic activity within discrete cerebral regions in HF/HF/Stz diabetic rats. Altogether, we developed and characterized a unique non-genetic preclinical model of T2DM adapted to the current diet and lifestyle that recapitulates the major metabolic features of the disease progression, from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and closely mimicking the target-organ damage occurring in type 2 diabetic patients at advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David André Barrière
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Christophe Noll
- Département de Médecine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Roussy
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Farah Lizotte
- Département de Médecine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anissa Kessai
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Karyn Kirby
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Belleville
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Beaudet
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Département de Médecine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Département de Médecine, Service d'Endocrinologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie/Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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Impact of Fish Oil Supplementation and Interruption of Fructose Ingestion on Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis of Rats Drinking Different Concentrations of Fructose. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4378328. [PMID: 28929113 PMCID: PMC5591931 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4378328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background. Continuous fructose consumption may cause elevation of circulating triacylglycerol. However, how much of this alteration is reverted after the removal of fructose intake is not known. We explored this question and compared the efficacy of this approach with fish oil supplementation. Methods. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), fructose (F) (water intake with 10% or 30% fructose for 9 weeks), fish oil (FO), and fructose/fish oil (FFO). Fish oil was supplemented only for the last 33 days of fructose ingestion. Half of the F group remained for additional 8 weeks without fructose ingestion (FR). Results. Fructose ingestion reduced food intake to compensate for the increased energy obtained through water ingestion, independent of fructose concentration. Fish oil supplementation exerted no impact on these parameters, but the removal of fructose from water recovered both ingestion behaviors. Plasma triacylglycerol augmented significantly during the second and third weeks (both fructose groups). Fish oil supplementation did not attenuate the elevation in triacylglycerol caused by fructose intake, but the interruption of sugar consumption normalized this parameter. Conclusion. Elevation in triacylglyceridemia may be recovered by removing fructose from diet, suggesting that it is never too late to repair improper dietary habits.
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Alwahsh SM, Gebhardt R. Dietary fructose as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1545-1563. [PMID: 27995280 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucose is a major energy source for the entire body, while fructose metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. Fructose consumption has increased over the last decade globally and is suspected to contribute to the increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome affecting about one-third of the population worldwide and has progressive pathological potential for liver cirrhosis and cancer through non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here we have reviewed the possible contribution of fructose to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. We critically summarize the current findings about several regulators, and their potential mechanisms, that have been studied in humans and animal models in response to fructose exposure. A novel hypothesis on fructose-dependent perturbation of liver regeneration and metabolism is advanced. Fructose intake could affect inflammatory and metabolic processes, liver function, gut microbiota, and portal endotoxin influx. The role of the brain in controlling fructose ingestion and the subsequent development of NAFLD is highlighted. Although the importance for fructose (over)consumption for NAFLD in humans is still debated and comprehensive intervention studies are invited, understanding of how fructose intake can favor these pathological processes is crucial for the development of appropriate noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to detect and treat these metabolic effects. Still, lifestyle modification, to lessen the consumption of fructose-containing products, and physical exercise are major measures against NAFLD. Finally, promising drugs against fructose-induced insulin resistance and hepatic dysfunction that are emerging from studies in rodents are reviewed, but need further validation in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salamah Mohammad Alwahsh
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,MCR Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Dr, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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