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Langeder J, Koch M, Schmietendorf H, Tahir A, Grienke U, Rollinger JM, Schmidtke M. Correlation of bioactive marker compounds of an orally applied Morus alba root bark extract with toxicity and efficacy in BALB/c mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1193118. [PMID: 38143489 PMCID: PMC10739329 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1193118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark of Morus alba L. is used to treat respiratory infections. Recently, anti-inflammatory and multiple anti-infective activities (against influenza viruses, corona virus 2, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae) were shown in vitro for a standardized root bark extract from M. alba (MA60). Sanggenons C and D were identified as major active constituents of MA60. The aim of the present preclinical study was to evaluate, whether these findings are transferable to an in vivo setting. Methods: MA60 was orally administered to female BALB/c mice to determine 1) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in an acute toxicity study and 2) its anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory effects in an efficacy study. A further aim was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the obtained results and the amount of sanggenons C and D in serum and tissues. For the quantitation of the marker compounds sanggenons C and D in serum and tissue samples an UPLC-ESI-MS method was developed and validated. Results: In our study setting, the MTD was reached at 100 mg/kg. In the efficacy study, the treatment effects were moderate. Dose-dependent quantities of sanggenon C in serum and sanggenon D in liver samples were detected. Only very low concentrations of sanggenons C and D were determined in lung samples and none of these compounds was found in spleen samples. There was no compound accumulation when MA60 was administered repeatedly. Discussion: The herein determined low serum concentration after oral application once daily encourages the use of an alternative application route like intravenous, inhalation or intranasal administration and/or multiple dosing in further trials. The established method for the quantitation of the marker sanggenon compounds in tissue samples serves as a basis to determine pharmacokinetic parameters such as their bioavailability in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Langeder
- Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirijam Koch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hannes Schmietendorf
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schmidtke
- Section of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical Composition of Different Botanical Parts of Morus Species, Health Benefits and Application in Food Industry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020152. [PMID: 35050040 PMCID: PMC8777750 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mulberry has acquired a special importance due to its phytochemical composition and its beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects. Botanical parts of Morus sp. (fruits, leaves, twigs, roots) are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites. The aim of our study was to highlight the phytochemical profile of each of the botanical parts of Morus tree, their health benefits and applications in food industry with an updated review of literature. Black and white mulberries are characterized in terms of predominant phenolic compounds in correlation with their medical applications. In addition to anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), black mulberry fruits also contain flavonols and phenolic acids. The leaves are a rich source of flavonols, including quercetin and kaempferol in the glycosylated forms and chlorogenic acid as predominant phenolic acids. Mulberry bark roots and twigs are a source of prenylated flavonoids, predominantly morusin. In this context, the exploitation of mulberry in food industry is reviewed in this paper, in terms of developing novel, functional food with multiple health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ramona Memete
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Adrian Vasile Timar
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Adrian Nicolae Vuscan
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Florina Miere (Groza)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alina Cristiana Venter
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Yimam M, O'neal A, Horm T, Jiao P, Hong M, Rossiter S, Brownell L, Jia Q. Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Cannabidiol Alone and in Combination with Standardized Bioflavonoid Composition. J Med Food 2021; 24:960-967. [PMID: 33570460 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptom-alleviating therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) management are inadequate. Long-term application of first-line treatments, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is limited due to associated side effects. We believe that a combination of traditionally used botanical extracts, which have diverse active components that target multiple inflammatory pathways, may provide a safe and efficacious alternative to address the multifactorial nature of OA. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychoactive component of the hemp plant, has gained renewed global attention for its pharmacological actions. It has shown promise in reducing pain and inflammation in preclinical models of arthritis. In this study, widely employed inflammatory and noninflammatory animal pain models, such as the hot plate test, visceral pain model (writhing test), and carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, were utilized to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of CBD alone and in combination with standardized bioflavonoid compositions. CBD was tested at 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg orally and at 5% topically. Administered alone, CBD produced dose-correlated, statistically significant pain inhibition in all the models. Enhanced performance in pain and inflammation reduction was observed when CBD was orally administered in complex with the bioflavonoid compositions. Data from this study show that for clinically meaningful efficacy against OA, CBD may have to be delivered in higher dosage or formulated with other medicinal plants with similar activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Qi Jia
- Unigen, Inc., Tacoma, Washington, USA
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Park S, Moon BR, Kim JE, Kim HJ, Zhang T. Aqueous Extracts of Morus alba Root Bark and Cornus officinalis Fruit Protect against Osteoarthritis Symptoms in Testosterone-Deficient and Osteoarthritis-Induced Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121245. [PMID: 33371279 PMCID: PMC7767081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water extracts of both Morus alba L. root bark (MBW) and Cornus officinalis Siebold and Zucc fruit (CFW) have traditionally been used to promote men's health in the elderly in Asia. We determined that the 12-week consumption of MBW and CFW could alleviate testosterone-deficiency syndrome and osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms in testosterone-deficient rats, and the action mechanisms were explored. Rats with bilateral orchiectomy (ORX) were fed a 45% fat diet containing either 0.5% MBW (ORX-MBW), 0.5% CFW(ORX-CFW), or 0.5% dextrin (ORX-CON). Sham-operated rats also received 0.5% dextrin (Non-ORX-CON). After 8 weeks of treatment, all rats had an injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) into the left knee, and they continued the same diet for the additional 4 weeks. ORX-CFW and ORX-MBW partially prevented the reduction of serum testosterone concentrations and decreased insulin resistance, compared to the ORX-CON. ORX-CFW and ORX-MBW protected against the reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass (LBM) compared to the ORX-CON. The limping and edema scores were lower in the order of the ORX-CON, ORX-CRF = ORX-MBW, and Non-ORX-CON (p < 0.05). The scores for pain behaviors, measured by weight-distribution on the OA leg and maximum running velocity on a treadmill, significantly decreased in the same order as limping scores. ORX-MBW protected against the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13 and reduced the production of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and IL-1β, by MIA in the articular cartilage, compared to the ORX-CON (p < 0.05). The cartilage damage near the tidemark of the knee and proteoglycan loss was significantly less in ORX-MBW than ORX-CON. In conclusion, MBW, possibly CFW, could be effective alternative therapeutic agents for preventing osteoarthritis in testosterone-deficient elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Park
- Department Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (B.R.M.); (J.E.K.); (H.J.K.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-540-5345; Fax: +82-41-548-0670
| | - Bo Reum Moon
- Department Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (B.R.M.); (J.E.K.); (H.J.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- Department Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (B.R.M.); (J.E.K.); (H.J.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Department Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (B.R.M.); (J.E.K.); (H.J.K.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department Food & Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (B.R.M.); (J.E.K.); (H.J.K.); (T.Z.)
- Department of Bio-Convergence System, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea
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Bai M, Ge L, Chen H, Jin Q. Calcitonin protects rat chondrocytes from IL-1β injury via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2079-2085. [PMID: 31452704 PMCID: PMC6704547 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was involved in the protective effect of calcitonin (CT) in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-injured rat chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were acquired from the articular cartilage of 4-week-old rats and treated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β to stimulate an in vitro osteoarthritis model. CT (10 and 50 nM) and 5 µm IWR-1-endo (a Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor) was used for treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of rat articular chondrocytes were measured using a cell counting kit-8 assay and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. Expression of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP)-13 MMP3 and MMP9 and aggrecanases [metalloproteinase thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5)] were measured to assess the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix. The results of the present study demonstrate that CT protected rat chondrocytes from IL-1β stimulation by enhancing cell viability, suppressing apoptosis and decreasing the expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) MMP13, MMP3, MMP9, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5. CT treatment also upregulated dickkopf-1 and downregulated β-catenin. IWR-1-endo demonstrated similar effects to that of CT treatment. The administration of CT in addition to IWR-1-endo reinforced the change trends induced by CT or IWR-1-endo in the aforementioned events, indicating that CT possibly acted via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to exert a protective effect on IL-1β-injured rat chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiao Bai
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Rizhao City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ge
- Emergency Department, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Rizhao City Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Yimam M, Horm T, Wright L, Jiao P, Hong M, Brownell L, Jia Q. UP1306: A Composition Containing Standardized Extracts of Acacia catechu and Morus alba for Arthritis Management. Nutrients 2019; 11:E272. [PMID: 30691120 PMCID: PMC6413154 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive articular cartilage degradation. Although there have been significant advances in OA management, to date, there are no effective treatment options to modify progression of the disease. We believe these unmet needs could be bridged by nutrients from natural products. Collagen induced arthritis in rats was developed and utilized to evaluate anti-inflammatory and cartilage protection activity of orally administered botanical composition, UP1306 (50 mg/kg) and Methotrexate (75 µg/kg) daily for three weeks. Objective arthritis severity markers, urine, synovial lavage, and serum were collected. At necropsy, the hock joint from each rat was collected for histopathology analysis. Urinary cartilage degradation marker (CTX-II), pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6), and proteases (Matrix Metallopeptidase 3 (MMP3) and 13) were measured. Rats treated with UP1306 showed statistically significant improvements in arthritis severity markers, including uCTX-II (91.4% vs. collagen-induced arthritis (CIA)), serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels as well as synovial MMP-13. The histopathology data were also well aligned with the severity score of arthritis for both UP1306 and Methotrexate. UP1306, a botanical composition that contains a standardized blend of extracts from the heartwood of Acacia catechu and the root bark of Morus alba, could potentially be considered as a dietary supplement product for the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesfin Yimam
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Teresa Horm
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Laura Wright
- Fred Hutch Cancer Research, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ping Jiao
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Mei Hong
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Lidia Brownell
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
| | - Qi Jia
- Unigen Inc., 2121 South State Street, Suite 400, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
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Zhou B, Yu Y, Yu L, Que B, Qiu R. Sipi soup inhibits cancer‑associated fibroblast activation and the inflammatory process by downregulating long non‑coding RNA HIPK1‑AS. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1361-1368. [PMID: 29901171 PMCID: PMC6072218 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sipi soup (SPS), the aqueous extract derived from the root bark of Sophora japonical L, Salix babylonica L., Morus alba L., as well as Amygdalus davidiana (Carr.) C. de Vos, is a traditional Chinese medicine frequently used to prevent and treat infection and inflammation. However, the role of SPS in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) require further investigation. In the present study, the effects of SPS on fibroblast inactivation and the underlying mechanism were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the mRNA expression levels of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), interleukin (IL)-6, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to determine the number of activated fibroblasts. The present study reported that SPS treatment did not affect the proliferative apoptotic potential of fibroblasts. Treatment with HeLa cell culture medium (CM) induced a significant increase in the expression levels of FAP, IL-6 and α-SMA, but reduced the expression of PDCD4. SPS reversed the effects of HeLa CM on the expression of these genes. Analysis with a long non-coding (lnc)RNA array of numerous differentially expressed lncRNAs revealed that the expression levels of the lncRNA homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 1 antisense RNA (HIPK1-AS) were increased in cervicitis tissues and cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with in normal cervical tissues. HIPK1-AS expression levels were upregulated in response to HeLa CM, but were decreased under SPS treatment. The downregulation of HIPK1-AS expression via short hairpin RNA abolished the effects of HeLa CM on the expression of inflammation-associated genes. The findings of the present study suggested that SPS may prevent the progression of cervical cancer by inhibiting the activation of CAF and the inflammatory process by reducing HIPK1-AS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxiu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Gynecology, Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weihai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weihai, Shandong 264200, P.R. China
| | - Binfu Que
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Longyan First Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Qiu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Longyan First Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
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Talbott SM, Talbott JA, Hantla D. Effect of AmLexin (
Acacia catechu
&
Morus alba
) on Redox Balance and Subjective Pain in Healthy Runners. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.724.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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