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Redox Active α-Lipoic Acid Differentially Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer and Its Control Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169186. [PMID: 36012451 PMCID: PMC9409376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) is a sulphur-containing organic compound, derived from octanoic acid, and an important cofactor for mitochondrial respiratory enzymes. It has strong antioxidant properties that improve mitochondrial function. We investigated if ALA improves mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: SH-SY5Y-APP695 cells were used as a model for an early stage of AD. Vector-transfected SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells served as controls. Using these cells, we investigated mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and citrate synthase activity (CS) in cells treated with ALA. Cells were treated for 24 h with different concentrations of ALA and with or without the complex I inhibitor rotenone. Results: Incubation with ALA showed a significant increase in ATP levels in both SH-SY5Y-APP695 and SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. MMP levels were elevated in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells, treatment with rotenone showed a reduction in MMP, which could be partly alleviated after incubation with ALA in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. ALA treatment showed significant differences in respiration chain complex activities in SH-SY5Y-MOCK cells. Citrate synthase activity was unaffected. ROS levels were significantly lower in both cell lines treated with ALA. Conclusions: ALA increased the activity of the different complexes of the respiratory chain, and consequently enhanced the MMP, leading to increased ATP levels indicating improved mitochondrial function. ALA only marginally protects from additional rotenone-induced mitochondrial stress.
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Papageorgiou S, Varvaresou A, Panderi I, Giannakou M, Spiliopoulou C, Athanaselis S. Development and validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantitation and stability of α-lipoic acid in cosmetic creams. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:221-228. [PMID: 31985846 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a simple reversed-phase HPLC method for the quantitation and evaluation of stability of α-lipoic acid in cosmetics, according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines. METHODS The chromatography was performed on a reversed-phase Luna C18, analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm id, 5 μm particle size) with a mobile phase of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pΗ 4.5; 0.05 M) and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 with UV detection at 340 nm. Accelerated and long-term stability studies of α-lipoic acid in cosmetic cream were conducted under various degradation conditions including acid, basis, oxidation, and thermal and photolytic degradation, according to European Medicines Agency Guidelines CPMP/ICH/2736/99. RESULTS The limit of detection (LOD) for the cosmetic cream was 0.9 μg mL-1 and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 2.8 μg mL-1 , while the retention time was 7.2 min. The method proved to be linear, precise and accurate. The stability results demonstrated the selectivity of the proposed method to the analysis of α-LA, and the degradation products were determined and evaluated in specific stress conditions in cosmetic creams. The applicability of the method was tested in two different developed cosmetic products (cream with 1.5 % w/w and emulsion with 1.0 % w/w of LA) and proved to be reliable. CONCLUSION A reversed-phase HPLC-UV method was developed and fully validated for the analysis of α-lipoic acid in cosmetics. It is the first reported application on the quantitation of lipoic acid in cosmetic creams, while at the same time evaluates the stability in forced degradation conditions, in new cosmetic formulations. It proved to be suitable for the reliable quality control of cosmetic products, with a run time of <8 min that allows for the analysis of large number of samples per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papageorgiou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Campus 1, Agiou Spyridonos, Egaleo, Athens, 12243, Greece
| | - A Varvaresou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare Sciences, Division of Aesthetics and Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Campus 1, Agiou Spyridonos, Egaleo, Athens, 12243, Greece
| | - I Panderi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimipolis - Zografou, Athens, 15771, Greece
| | - M Giannakou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimipolis - Ilissia, Athens, 15701, Greece
| | - C Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - S Athanaselis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Athens, 11527, Greece
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Beneficial or Harmful in Alzheimer's Disease? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8409329. [PMID: 31885820 PMCID: PMC6914903 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8409329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by impairments in the cognitive domains associated with orientation, recording, and memory. This pathology results from an abnormal deposition of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and the intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles. Mitochondrial dysfunctions play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, due to disturbances in the bioenergetic properties of cells. To date, the usual therapeutic drugs are limited because of the diversity of cellular routes in AD and the toxic potential of these agents. In this context, alpha-lipoic acid (α-LA) is a well-known fatty acid used as a supplement in several health conditions and diseases, such as periphery neuropathies and neurodegenerative disorders. It is produced in several cell types, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. α-LA acts as an enzymatic cofactor able to regulate metabolism, energy production, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of α-LA is associated with two thiol groups that can be oxidised or reduced, prevent excess free radical formation, and act on improvement of mitochondrial performance. Moreover, α-LA has mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in genes related to the expression of various inflammatory mediators, such PGE2, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile, α-LA has rapid uptake and low bioavailability and the metabolism is primarily hepatic. However, α-LA has low risk in prolonged use, although its therapeutic potential, interactions with other substances, and adverse reactions have not been well established in clinical trials with populations at higher risk for diseases of aging. Thus, this review aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic profile, bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, safety, and effects of combined use with centrally acting drugs, as well as report in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the mitochondrial mechanisms of α-LA involved in AD protection.
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Wu H, Liu J, Chen S, Zhao Y, Zeng S, Bin P, Zhang D, Tang Z, Zhu G. Jejunal Metabolic Responses to Escherichia coli Infection in Piglets. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2465. [PMID: 30386317 PMCID: PMC6198047 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the jejunal metabolic variations in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected piglets. Piglets were infected with 1 × 1010 CFUs (colony-forming units) of ETEC W25K and assigned into diarrheal, recovered, control, and resistant groups. Jejunal samples were harvested at day 6 and metabolic profiles were analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOFMS). The results showed that 33 metabolites in the jejunum were identified in ETEC-induced diarrhea, including amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, and organic acids. Compared with the control, resistant, and recovered piglets, diarrheal piglets showed higher concentrations of 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine in the jejunum. Compared with the control and resistant piglets, six metabolites were markedly decreased in diarrheal piglets, including ornithine, asparagine, glutamine, citric acid, citrulline, and lysine. Collectively, this study provides insights into jejunal metabolic response to ETEC infection and ETEC induced diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hucong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijing Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Bin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Romo-Hualde A, Huerta AE, González-Navarro CJ, Ramos-López O, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez JA. Untargeted metabolomic on urine samples after α-lipoic acid and/or eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation in healthy overweight/obese women. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:103. [PMID: 29743087 PMCID: PMC5941619 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and α-lipoic acid (α-LA) have been investigated for their beneficial effects on obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. In the current research, the goal was to evaluate metabolomic changes following the dietary supplementation of these two lipids, alone or combined in healthy overweight/obese sedentary women following an energy-restricted diet. For this purpose, an untargeted metabolomics approach was conducted on urine samples using liquid chromatography coupled with time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF-MS). Methods This is a short-term double blind placebo-controlled study with a parallel nutritional design that lasted 10 weeks. Participants were assigned to one of the 4 experimental groups [Control, EPA (1.3 g/d), α-LA (0.3 g/d) and EPA+α-LA (1.3 g/d + 0.3 g/d)]. All intervention groups followed an energy-restricted diet of 30% less than total energy expenditure. Clinically relevant biochemical measurements were analyzed. Urine samples (24 h) were collected at baseline and after 10 weeks. Untargeted metabolomic analysis on urine samples was carried out, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed for the pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. Results Urine samples were scattered in the PCA scores plots in response to the supplementation with α-LA. Totally, 28 putative discriminant metabolites in positive ionization, and 6 in negative ionization were identified among groups clearly differentiated according to the α-LA administration. Remarkably is the presence of an ascorbate intermediate metabolite (one of the isomers of trihydroxy-dioxohexanoate, or dihydroxy–oxohexanedionate) in the groups supplemented with α-LA. This fact might be associated with antioxidant properties of both α-LA and ascorbic acid. Correlations between phenotypical parameters and putative metabolites of provided additional information on whether there is a direct or inverse relationship between them. Especially interesting are the negative correlation between ascorbate intermediate metabolite and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and the positive one between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and α-LA supplementation. Conclusions This metabolomic approach supports that the beneficial effects of α-LA administration on body weight reduction may be partly explained by the antioxidant properties of this organosulfur carboxylic acid mediated by isomers of trihydroxy-dioxohexanoate, or dihydroxy–oxohexanedionate. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01138774. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0750-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Romo-Hualde
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana E Huerta
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Omar Ramos-López
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. .,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain. .,Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain.
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Nihei N, Okamoto H, Furune T, Ikuta N, Sasaki K, Rimbach G, Yoshikawa Y, Terao K. Dietary α-cyclodextrin modifies gut microbiota and reduces fat accumulation in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice. Biofactors 2018; 44:336-347. [PMID: 29733482 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) on the bacterial populations of gut microbiota, production of organic acids, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and lipid metabolism in obese mice induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to three diet groups: normal diet (ND) (5% [w/w] fat), HFD (35% [w/w] fat), and HFD (35% [w/w] fat) + 5.5% (w/w) α-CD for 16 weeks. Increases in body and epididymal adipose tissue weights were observed in the HFD group compared with the ND group, which were attenuated in the HFD+α-CD group. The supplementation of α-CD increased the total number of bacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus that were decreased in gut microbiota of mice by feeding the HFD. Importantly, α-CD administration increased the concentrations of lactic acid and SCFAs, such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, and decreased glucose concentrations in cecal contents. Furthermore, supplementation of α-CD upregulated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ involved in adipocyte differentiation and PPARα involved in energy expenditure and downregulated that of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissue. This study revealed that the alteration in gut microbiota and increased production of lactic acid and SCFAs by supplementation of α-CD have beneficial antiobesity effects via modulating the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, indicating a prebiotic property of α-CD. © 2018 BioFactors, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Nihei
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hinako Okamoto
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Naoko Ikuta
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yutaka Yoshikawa
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keiji Terao
- CycloChem Bio Co., Ltd, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Division of Food and Drug Evaluation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Guo W, Tan HY, Wang N, Wang X, Feng Y. Deciphering hepatocellular carcinoma through metabolomics: from biomarker discovery to therapy evaluation. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:715-734. [PMID: 29692630 PMCID: PMC5903488 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s156837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of death from cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The mortality rate of HCC is similar to its incidence rate, which reflects its poor prognosis. At present, the diagnosis of HCC is still mostly dependent on invasive biopsy, imaging methods, and serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) testing. Because of the asymptomatic nature of early HCC, biopsy and imaging methods usually detect HCC at the middle–late stages. AFP has limited sensitivity and specificity, as many other nonmalignant liver diseases can also result in a very high serum level of AFP. Therefore, better biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity at earlier stages are greatly needed. Since metabolic reprogramming is an essential hallmark of cancer and the liver is the metabolic hub of living systems, it is useful to investigate HCC from a metabolic perspective. As a noninvasive and nondestructive approach, metabolomics provides holistic information on dynamically metabolic responses of living systems to both endogenous and exogenous factors. Therefore, it would be conducive to apply metabolomics in investigating HCC. In this review, we summarize recent metabolomic studies on HCC cellular, animal, and clinicopathologic models with attention to metabolomics as a biomarker in cancer diagnosis. Recent applications of metabolomics with respect to therapeutic and prognostic evaluation of HCC are also covered, with emphasis on the potential of treatment by drugs from natural products. In the last section, the current challenges and trends of future development of metabolomics on HCC are discussed. Overall, metabolomics provides us with novel insight into the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic evaluation of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuanbin Wang
- Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Pharmacology, Oncology Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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