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Yi W, Chen F, Yuan M, Wang C, Wang S, Wen J, Zou Q, Pu Y, Cai Z. High-fat diet induces cognitive impairment through repression of SIRT1/AMPK-mediated autophagy. Exp Neurol 2024; 371:114591. [PMID: 37898395 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests an association between a high-fat diet (HFD) and cognitive decline. HFD may reduce synaptic plasticity and cause tau hyperphosphorylation, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether Sirtuin1 (SIRT1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was involved in this pathogenic effect in the HFD exposed mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice at 12 months of age were fed a standard (9% kcal fat) or high-fat (60% kcal fat) diet for 22 weeks, and Neuro-2a (N2a) cells were treated with normal culture medium or a palmitic acid (PA) medium (100uM) for 40 h. After that, cognitive function was tested by Morris water maze (MWM). The levels of proteins involved in SIRT1/AMPK pathway and autophagy were measured using western blotting and immunofluorescence. We also assessed the phosphorylation of tau protein and synapse. RESULTS The mice presented impaired learning and memory abilities. We further found decreased levels of synaptophysin (Syn) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), increased tau46 and phosphorylated tau protein, and damaged neurons in mice after HFD or in N2a cells treated with PA medium. Moreover, HFD can also reduce the expression of SIRT1, inhibit AMPK phosphorylation, and block autophagic flow in both mice and cells. After treating the cells with the SIRT1 agonist SRT1720, SIRT1/AMPK pathway and autophagy-related proteins were partially reversed and the number of PA-induced positive cells was alleviated in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. CONCLUSIONS HFD may inhibit the expression of SIRT1/AMPK pathway and disrupt autophagy flux, and result in tau hyperphosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction during aging, which ultimately lead to cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Yi
- The fifth Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing 400013, China; Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400799, China.
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Herrera G, Silvero C MJ, Becerra MC, Lasaga M, Scimonelli T. Modulatory role of α-MSH in hippocampal-dependent memory impairment, synaptic plasticity changes, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivity induced by short-term high-fat diet intake. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109688. [PMID: 37591460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption is associated with cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative diseases. Since the hippocampus is extremely sensitive to pathophysiological changes, neuroinflammation and the concomitant oxidative stress induced by HFD can significantly interfere with hippocampal-dependent functions related to learning and memory. The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) mediates neuroprotective actions in the central nervous system and can reverse the effects of neuroinflammation in cognitive functions that depend on the hippocampus. In this study, we used male Wistar rats to evaluate the effect of short-term HFD intake (5 days) plus a mild immune challenge, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS 10 μg/kg) on contextual fear, changes in structural plasticity, oxidative stress, and astrocyte reactivation in the hippocampus. We also determined the possible modulatory role of α-MSH. HFD consumption was associated with an increase in markers of oxidative stress (Advanced oxidation protein products and Malondialdehyde) in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). We also found changes in hippocampal structural synaptic plasticity, observing a decrease in total spine in the DH after HFD plus LPS. We observed astrocyte proliferation and a significant increase in the percentage of the area occupied by GFAP. Treatment with α-MSH (0.1 μg/0.25 μl) in the DH reversed the effect of short-term HFD plus LPS on contextual fear memory, oxidative stress, and spine density. α-MSH also reduced astrocyte proliferation. Our present results indicate that HFD consumption for a short period sensitizes the central nervous system (CNS) to a subsequent immune challenge and impairs contextual fear memory and that α-MSH could have a modulatory protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Herrera
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M Jazmín Silvero C
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Becerra
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica UNITEFA-CONICET. Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas INBIOMED UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresa Scimonelli
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba, IFEC-CONICET. Departamento de Farmacología Otto Orshinger, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Kim MG, Hyun MS, Park SG, Cho E, Kim J, Choi HK, Son KL, Lim CY, Kim KK, Koo BS. Efficacy and Safety of Woohwangchungsimwon Combined with Donepezil in Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Patients with Probable Alzheimer's Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2036. [PMID: 37510478 PMCID: PMC10378906 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are a major factor in the burden of care and medical expenses. Conventional pharmacological treatments do not exert a distinct effect on the benefits versus the risks. The herbal medicine woohwangchungsimwon is frequently prescribed for neuropsychiatric disorders. An effect of woohwangchungsimwon on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has been previously reported; however, no clinical studies have been conducted. We aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of woohwangchungsimwon combined with donepezil for alleviating these symptoms in probable Alzheimer's disease. In this randomized, assessor-blinded, parallel-group clinical trial, 74 participants with probable Alzheimer's disease will be divided via block randomization into a woohwangchungsimwon + donepezil combination group (n = 37) or a donepezil single group (n = 37). Participants will include patients under donepezil treatment for at least a month. We will perform the study for 24 weeks. The Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory subscale scores will be the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes will include cognitive function, dementia severity, physical function, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. For safety evaluation, we will assess adverse reactions, measure vital signs, and conduct laboratory tests. This is the first trial aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety of woohwangchungsimwon combined with donepezil for alleviating behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Its findings could provide a basis for their co-administration to control these symptoms in probable Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Gi Kim
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Suk Hyun
- Department of Nursing, Kyungdong University, Wonju 26495, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gu Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Lak Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ki Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Oriental Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Mitchell CS, Goodman EK, Tedesco CR, Nguyen K, Zhang L, Herzog H, Begg DP. The Effect of Dietary Fat and Sucrose on Cognitive Functioning in Mice Lacking Insulin Signaling in Neuropeptide Y Neurons. Front Physiol 2022; 13:841935. [PMID: 35557971 PMCID: PMC9086626 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.841935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic diets can produce hippocampal insulin resistance and impairments to hippocampal-dependent cognition. This study investigated the effect of disrupted insulin signaling in Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons on diet-induced deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory. Wild-type mice and mice that had a targeted knockout of insulin receptors on NPY cells (IRlox/lox;NPYCre/+) were given ad libitum access to a high-fat diet (high fat; HF), 10% sucrose solution (high sugar; HS), both high-fat diet and sucrose solution (high fat, high sugar; HFHS), or a normal fat control chow for 12 weeks. Mice were tested in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), a hippocampal-dependent spatial memory task. Glucose homeostasis was assessed via a glucose tolerance test. Independent of genotype, consumption of HF, but not HS, diet increased energy intake, body weight, and plasma leptin, and impaired glucose tolerance. Disrupted insulin signaling in NPY cells and dietary interventions did not significantly affect the ability of mice to learn the location of the platform in the MWM. However, for IRlox/lox control mice, consumption of HF, but not HS, diet resulted in reduced time spent in the target quadrant during the probe trial, suggesting a hippocampal-dependent memory deficit. IRlox/lox;NPYCre/+ mice had poor performance in the probe trial regardless of diet, suggesting a floor effect. This study did not find adverse effects of chronic sucrose intake on metabolic outcomes or hippocampal-dependent memory. These data also suggest that the effects of HF diet on hippocampal-dependent memory may be dependent on insulin signaling in hippocampal NPY cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathy Nguyen
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Denovan P Begg
- School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Tinospora cordifolia ameliorates brain functions impairments associated with high fat diet induced obesity. Neurochem Int 2020; 143:104937. [PMID: 33309979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a rapidly growing health problem worldwide and its prevalence has increased markedly in both the developing and developed nations. It is associated with a range of co-morbidities such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cognitive dysfunctions. Therefore, the need for a safe and effective treatment has led to the exploration of natural products for the management of obesity. In the present study, we tested the anxiolytic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-neuroinflammatory potential of Tinospora cordifolia in a high fat diet-induced obesity rat model system. Young female Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: (1) Low fat diet (LFD), fed on normal chow feed; (2) High fat diet (HFD), fed on diet containing 30% fat by weight; and (3) High fat diet containing extract (HFDE), fed on high fat diet supplemented with the stem powder of T. cordifolia (TCP). The rats from each group were kept on their respective feeding regimen for 12 weeks. The body weight and calorie intake were recorded weekly. The elevated plus maze test and rotarod performance test were performed to evaluate the anxiety-like behavior and locomotor coordination, respectively. The levels of serum cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) were estimated and various markers for inflammation, synaptic plasticity, apoptosis, and energy homeostasis were studied by western blotting. The HFDE rats showed reduced anxiety-like behavior and improved locomotor behavior as compared to HFD-induced obese rats. The TCP supplementation in high fat diet suppressed the expression of inflammatory molecules, including serum cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), and modulated apoptosis and synaptic plasticity. TCP was found to be effective in managing body weight in HFD-fed rats by maintaining energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis. T. cordifolia may be recommended as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent the adverse effects of obesity and obesity-associated brain dysfunctions.
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The effect of high fat, high sugar, and combined high fat-high sugar diets on spatial learning and memory in rodents: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:399-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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