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Suanno G, Fonteyne P, Ferrari G. Neurosensory abnormalities and stability of a mouse model of dry eye disease. Exp Eye Res 2023; 232:109516. [PMID: 37209768 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to use a mouse model of dry eye disease (DED) induced by topical administration of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) and assess its stability and the presence of neurosensory abnormalities, including ocular pain. Eight-week-old C57BL6/6 N male mice were used in this study. Mice were treated with 10 μL of 0.2% BAK dissolved in artificial tears (AT), administered twice daily for 7 days. After one week, animals were randomized into two groups: one was administered with 0.2% BAK in AT once per day for 7 days, while the other was not further treated. Corneal epitheliopathy was quantified at days 0, 3, 7, 12, and 14. Moreover, tear secretions, corneal nociception, and corneal nerve integrity were measured after BAK treatment. After sacrifice, corneas were dissected to assess nerve density and leukocyte infiltration by immunofluorescence. Topical BAK instillation for 14 days significantly increased corneal fluorescein staining (p < 0.0001) compared to day 0. On the other hand, interruption of BAK instillation was associated with improvement of corneal epitheliopathy (day 12, p < 0.0001; day 14, p < 0.001). BAK treatment increased ocular pain (p < 0.0001) and resulted in a significant increase in leukocyte infiltration in the cornea (p < 0.01). Moreover, corneal sensitivity was reduced (p < 0.0001), together with corneal nerve density (p < 0.0001) and tear secretion (p < 0.0001). One week twice a day, followed by one additional week once a day, of 0.2% BAK topical administration induces stable clinical and histological signs of DED, which is associated with neurosensory abnormalities, including pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Rahman MM, Kim DH, Park CK, Kim YH. Experimental Models, Induction Protocols, and Measured Parameters in Dry Eye Disease: Focusing on Practical Implications for Experimental Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12102. [PMID: 34830010 PMCID: PMC8622350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the major ophthalmological healthcare challenges worldwide. DED is a multifactorial disease characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and its main pathogenesis is chronic ocular surface inflammation related with various cellular and molecular signaling cascades. The animal model is a reliable and effective tool for understanding the various pathological mechanisms and molecular cascades in DED. Considerable experimental research has focused on developing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of DED. Several experimental models of DED have been developed, and different animal species such as rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, and primates have been used for these models. Although the basic mechanisms of DED in animals are nearly identical to those in humans, proper knowledge about the induction of animal models is necessary to obtain better and more reliable results. Various experimental models (in vitro and in vivo DED models) were briefly discussed in this review, along with pathologic features, analytical approaches, and common measurements, which will help investigators to use the appropriate cell lines, animal, methods, and evaluation parameters depending on their study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Gil Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Yu D, Deng Q, Wang J, Chang X, Wang S, Yang R, Yu J, Yu J. Air Pollutants are associated with Dry Eye Disease in Urban Ophthalmic Outpatients: a Prevalence Study in China. J Transl Med 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 30767763 PMCID: PMC6376760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1794-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous prevalence studies of DED were reported from some countries worldwide, national data are unavailable in China. We aimed to conduct an up-to-date national survey on the prevalence of DED in China and find out the potential risk factors including air pollutant. METHODS 23,922 eligible outpatients were recruited from ophthalmic clinics of 32 cities in China in 2013 by registration orders. The patients' demographic characteristics, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases and medication history were collected and the daily air pollutant data in 2013. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify the potential risk factors associated with DED. The association between related factors and dry eye diseases subtypes evaluated as p value and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Among 23,922 outpatients, the prevalence of DED was 61.57%, and that of the male patients was 57.64% and of the female was 65.32% (P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression suggested that the possible risk factors for DED included: female, older age, history of keratorefractive surgery, presence of arthritis, thyroid diseases, and antihistamine, diuretic, duodenal ulcer drugs, diazepam. Air pollutants including O3, PM2.5, and SO2 were also identified as the risk factors. CONCLUSION The prevalence of DED among ophthalmic outpatients in China was considerably high. Age, gender, history of keratorefractive surgery, diseases, medication history, and air pollutants were associated with DED prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 1239, Siping Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglong Deng
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Chang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Yuan, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Renren Yang
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, No. 138, Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301, Yanchang Road, Shanghai, China
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Gomes JAP, Azar DT, Baudouin C, Efron N, Hirayama M, Horwath-Winter J, Kim T, Mehta JS, Messmer EM, Pepose JS, Sangwan VS, Weiner AL, Wilson SE, Wolffsohn JS. TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report. Ocul Surf 2017; 15:511-538. [PMID: 28736341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions. The increasing number of patients looking for eye care or cosmetic procedures involving the eyes, together with a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease (DED), have led to the need for a specific report about iatrogenic dry eye within the TFOS DEWS II. Topical medications can cause DED due to their allergic, toxic and immuno-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. Preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, may further aggravate DED. A variety of systemic drugs can also induce DED secondary to multiple mechanisms. Moreover, the use of contact lens induces or is associated with DED. However, one of the most emblematic situations is DED caused by surgical procedures such as corneal refractive surgery as in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratoplasty due to mechanisms intrinsic to the procedure (i.e. corneal nerve cutting) or even by the use of postoperative topical drugs. Cataract surgery, lid surgeries, botulinum toxin application and cosmetic procedures are also considered risk factors to iatrogenic DED, which can cause patient dissatisfaction, visual disturbance and poor surgical outcomes. This report also presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries. Novel research into detection of early dry eye prior to surgeries, efforts to establish appropriate therapeutics and a greater attempt to regulate and oversee medications, preservatives and procedures should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvaro P Gomes
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Terry Kim
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke University Eye Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jay S Pepose
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Steven E Wilson
- Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Yenigun A, Dadaci Z, Sahin GO, Elbay A. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and positive skin-prick test results in patients with dry eye. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2016; 30:e26-9. [PMID: 26980382 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye is characterized by decreased tear production and/or increased evaporation rates of the tear film barrier. Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease that develops through immunoglobulin E in the rhino-ocular mucosa due to allergens. To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms and positive skin-prick test results in patients with dry eye. METHODS This is a case-control study. The study included 57 patients with dry eye and 48 healthy subjects. The prevalence of allergic symptoms and skin-prick test results were assessed and compared with the control group. RESULTS With regard to positive reactions to allergens in skin-prick tests, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy (p = 0.0003), Dermatophagoides farinae allergy (p = 0.0003), grass-mix allergy (p = 0.049), Salicaces allergy (p = 0.006), and Compositae allergy (p = 0.019) were significantly observed to be higher in the group with dry eye. Nasal obstruction (p = 0.027), discharge (p = 0.0001), sneeze (p = 0.0003), itching (p = 0.0001), and postnasal drainage (p = 0.001) symptoms were observed to be significantly higher in the group with dry eye. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that there was a significant association between dry eye and allergic rhinitis with positive skin-prick test results. There may be a possible link between dry eye and allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Yenigun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kurt RA, Ucakhan-Gündüz Ö, Gündüz K. Olopatadine 0.1% and 0.2% ophthalmic solution for the management of ocular allergy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.10.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Montgomery KW, Ledbetter EC, Mohammed HO. Effect of short-term diphenhydramine administration on aqueous tear production in normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2011; 14:395-9. [PMID: 22050896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a randomized, placebo-controlled, masked clinical trial using a cross-over design to determine the effect of oral diphenhydramine on aqueous tear production in normal dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED Seventeen dogs with normal ophthalmic examinations. PROCEDURES Baseline tear production was established for each dog by performing Schirmer tear test I (STT I). Dogs received 20-day treatment courses of both oral diphenhydramine and placebo solutions with a 10-day washout period between treatment periods. Each dog was randomly assigned to receive diphenhydramine or placebo at the outset of the study. Measurements of STT I values were measured at regular intervals during the study and were conducted at the same time of day throughout the study to control for diurnal variations in tear production. The significance of the impact of diphenhydramine treatment on the quantity of aqueous tear production, as determine by STT results over time, was evaluated using regression analysis with appropriate transformation. RESULTS Statistical comparisons at each measurement time, including baseline measurements between control and treatment groups, revealed no significant differences. Mean STT I levels also did not differ significantly at any measurement time compared to baseline for treatment or control groups. CONCLUSIONS Short-term administration of oral diphenhydramine does not result in a significant decrease in aqueous tear production in normal dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W Montgomery
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Torkildsen GL, Ousler GW, Gomes P. Ocular comfort and drying effects of three topical antihistamine/mast cell stabilizers in adults with allergic conjunctivitis: A randomized, double-masked crossover study. Clin Ther 2008; 30:1264-71. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(08)80050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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