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Eldeek HE, Farrag HMM, Tolba MEM, El-Deek HE, Ali MO, Ibraheim ZZ, Bayoumi SA, Hassanin ESA, Alkhalil SS, Huseein EAEHM. Amoebicidal effect of Allium cepa against Allovahlkampfia spelaea: A keratitis model. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1120-1136. [PMID: 36164578 PMCID: PMC9508644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allovahlkampfia spelaea (A. spelaea) is a free-living amoeba, proved to cause Acanthamoeba-like keratitis with quite difficult treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the amoebicidal effect of Allium cepa (A. cepa) on A. spelaea trophozoites and cysts both in vitro and in vivo using Chinchilla rabbits as an experimental model of this type of keratitis. Chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of A. cepa were identified using Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). In vitro, A. cepa showed a significant inhibitory effect on trophozoites and cysts compared to the reference drug, chlorhexidine (CHX) as well as the non-treated control (P < 0.05) with statistically different effectiveness in terms of treatment durations and concentrations. No cytotoxic effect of A. cepa on corneal cell line was found even at high concentrations (32 mg/ml) using agar diffusion method. The in vivo results confirmed the efficacy of A. cepa where the extract enhanced keratitis healing with complete resolution of corneal ulcers in 80% of the infected animals by day 14 (post infection)pi compared to 70% recovery with CHX after 20 treatment days. The therapeutic effect was also approved at histological, immune-histochemical, and parasitological levels. Our findings support the potential use of A. cepa as an effective agent against A. spelaea keratitis.
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Rosa MD, Andrade JPD, Costa AO, Conti R, Bastida J, Borges WDS, Furst C. Anti-Acanthamoeba castellanii activity of alkaloid-enriched extracts and lycorine from the Amaryllidaceae species. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Phytochemical Screening and Acanthamoebic Activity of Shoots from in Vitro Cultures and in Vivo Plants of Eryngium alpinum L.-The Endangered and Protected Species. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061416. [PMID: 32244952 PMCID: PMC7144402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically uniform shoots of Eryngium alpinum L. cultured in vitro were subjected to the qualitative analysis applying the UPLC-HESI-HRMS technique. In vitro cultures give the opportunity to perform the phytochemical studies on the protected species without harvesting the plant material from the natural environment. The phytochemical screening of the crude methanolic extracts of shoots, both from in vitro cultures and in vivo plants, revealed the presence of phenolic acids, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, amino acids, or dipeptides. Active compounds detected are known to have medicinal importance, and for this reason, the present study represents a preliminary investigation of the extracts against pathogenic and opportunistic amoeba. Among the extracts tested, the extract of shoots from in vitro cultures exhibited remarkable amoebicidal action against trophozoites. On the second day of treatment, the extract at the concentrations of 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL showed the highest antiamoebicidal effect: the inhibition of trophozoites reached 81.14%, 66.38%, and 54.99%, respectively. To our best knowledge, the present report is the first to show the phytochemical screening and to discuss the antiamoebic activity of Eryngium alpinum L. shoots, both from in vitro cultures and in vivo plants.
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Kaya Y, Baldemir A, Karaman Ü, Ildız N, Arıcı YK, Kaçmaz G, Kolören Z, Konca Y. Amebicidal effects of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum) against Acanthamoeba cysts. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:563-571. [PMID: 30847135 PMCID: PMC6392877 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TF) is known to the public as a chest emollient, mucous expectorant, laxative and is used to prevent maturation of boils and diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we aimed to determine the amebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Plant extracts were prepared at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml and were placed in a hemocytometer with cell counts 22 × 106 cell/ml. The fatty acid profiles of TF seeds were determined. Standard Acanthamoeba cysts were added and incubated at 25°C. The viability of the parasite was checked and recorded at hours 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 102. The values of lethal concentration doses (LD50 and LD90) were calculated using probit analysis. This study revealed that T. foenum-graecum prevented proliferation of the parasite at certain times. However, further for in vivo and controlled experimental studies are needed in order to find out how to use this plant as medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Kaya
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Ayşe Baldemir
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical BotanyErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Ülkü Karaman
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Parasitology DepartmentOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Nilay Ildız
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Pharmaceutical MicrobiologyErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Yeliz Kasko Arıcı
- Faculty of MedicineBiostatistics DepartmentOrdu UniversityOrduTurkey
| | - Gamze Kaçmaz
- Faculty of MedicineMedical Microbiology DepartmentGiresun UniversityGiresunTurkey
| | - Zeynep Kolören
- Department of BiologyOrdu University Faculty of Arts and SciencesOrduTurkey
| | - Yusuf Konca
- Faculty of AgricultureDepartment of Feed and Animal FeedingErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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Badria FA, Hetta MH, Sarhan RM, Ezz El-Din MH. Lethal effects of Helianthemum lippii (L.) on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts in vitro. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2014; 52:243-9. [PMID: 25031463 PMCID: PMC4096634 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. commonly cause Acanthamoeba keratitis which is typically associated with the wear of contact lenses. Therefore, finding an economic, efficient, and safe therapy of natural origin is of outmost importance. This study examined the in vitro lethal potential of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Helianthemum lippii (L.) (sun roses) against Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts isolated from patients with amoebic keratitis. Both extracts proved to be potent as regard to their lethal effects on A. castellanii cysts with comparable results to chlorhexidine. The ethyl acetate was more promising with cumulative lethality. It showed a highly significant lethal percentage along the duration of treatment. The analysis of the more potent ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 2.96 mg/100 g of total phenolics, 0.289 mg/100 ml of total flavonoids and 37 mg/100 mg of total tannins which highlighted their phytomedicinal role.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Badria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Hetta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni Suef University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Sarhan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M H Ezz El-Din
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sevindik N, Rencuzogullari E. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Salvia fruticosa leaf extract in human blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:295-302. [PMID: 24224704 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.851689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Salvia fruticosa (Sf) leaf extract with the absence and presence of S9 mix using sister chromatid exchange (SCE), chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) formation test systems in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBLs) that were treated with 1.5-, 3.0- and 6.0-µL/mL concentrations for 24- and 48-hour treatment periods. The cytotoxicity of Sf leaf extract was also investigated by calculating the mitotic index (MI), proliferation index (PI) and nuclear division index (NDI). In the absence of S9 mix, Sf leaf extract alone increased SCE frequency at the 48-hour treatment period; however, it induced the CA and MN at all concentrations and at all treatment periods. Sf plus MMC (mitomycin C) synergically induced SCE and CA, except the highest concentration of Sf leaf extract and MMC on induction of SCE. In addition, Sf leaf extract induced the effect of MMC on MN frequency for 24 hours, but it significantly decreased the effect of MMC on MN frequency for the 48-hour treatment period. Sf leaf extract showed a cytotoxic effect by decreasing the MI; however, it did not decrease the PI and NDI. In the presence of S9 mix, Sf leaf extract did not increase the SCE, when compared to solvent control, whereas it reduced the effect of cyclophosphamide (Cyp). Sf leaf extract induced the CA and MN, but could not increase the effect of Cyp on CA and MN formation. Sf leaf extract had no cytotoxic effect; however, it induced the cytotoxicity of Cyp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Sevindik
- Deparment of Biology, Natural and Applied Science Institute, Çukurova University , Adana , Turkey and
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Shoaib HM, Muazzam AG, Mir A, Jung SY, Matin A. Evaluation of inhibitory potential of some selective methanolic plants extracts on biological characteristics of Acanthamoeba castellanii using human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:1179-88. [PMID: 23306385 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba is an opportunistic protozoan pathogen and known to be one of the most ubiquitous organisms, play a vital role in ecosystem, and recognized to cause blinding keratitis and rare but fatal granulomatous encephalitis involving the central nervous system with a very poor prognosis. This is due to limited availability of effective anti-Acanthamoeba drugs. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficacy of methanolic plants crude extracts on the viability and biological properties of Acanthamoeba castellanii (T4 genotype) and its cytotoxic effects on human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC). Using HCEC, it was observed that Acanthamoeba exhibited binding (>90 %) and cytotoxicity (>80 %) to host cells. However, plant crude extracts remarkably inhibited more than 70 and 60 % of Acanthamoeba binding and cytotoxicity to HCEC, respectively. It was further established that crude extracts (ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/ml) exhibited amoebicidal effects, i.e., >50 % of trophozoites were killed/reduced at maximum dose (1.5 mg/ml) within 1 h incubation. However, the residual subpopulation remained static over longer incubations. Furthermore, growth assay demonstrated crude extracts inhibited >50 % Acanthamoeba numbers up to 7 days. Our results confirmed that plant crude extracts has inhibitory effects on Acanthamoeba growth and viability. Overall, these findings revealed that tested plant extracts is inhibitory to Acanthamoeba properties associated with pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, our findings demonstrated for the first time that selected methanol plant crude extracts exhibits inhibitory effects on biological properties of Acanthamoeba without any toxic effects on HCEC cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Lopes FC, Tichota DM, Sauter IP, Meira SMM, Segalin J, Rott MB, Rios AO, Brandelli A. Active metabolites produced by Penicillium chrysogenum IFL1 growing on agro-industrial residues. ANN MICROBIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-012-0532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Degerli S, Tepe B, Celiksoz A, Berk S, Malatyali E. In vitro amoebicidal activity of Origanum syriacum and Origanum laevigatum on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Exp Parasitol 2012; 131:20-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Degerli S, Berk S, Tepe B, Malatyali E. Amoebicidal activity of the rhizomes and aerial parts of Allium sivasicum on Entamoeba histolytica. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:59-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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In vitro amoebicidal activities of Satureja cuneifolia and Melissa officinalis on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:2175-80. [PMID: 22160280 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2744-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Amoebic keratitis is difficult to treat without total efficacy in some patients because of cysts, which are less susceptible than trophozoites to the usual treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro amoebicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of Satureja cuneifolia and Melissa officinalis. In the presence of methanolic extracts (ranging from 1.0 to 32.0 mg/ml), numbers of the viable Acanthamoe castellanii trophozoites and cysts were decreased during the experimental process. Both extracts showed a time- and dose-dependent amoebicidal action on the trophozoites and cysts. Among the extracts tested, S. cuneifolia showed the strongest amoebicidal effect on the trophozoites and cysts. In the presence of 32 mg/ml extract, no viable trophozoites were observed within 24 h. At the same concentration value, the extract was found effective against the cysts at a rate of 46.3% within 72 h of the experimental process. At 16 mg/ml extract concentration, no viable trophozoites were also observed in the 24th hour of the experiment. At the end of the experimental process, 34.7% of the cysts were killed by the extract. M. officinalis showed moderate amoebicidal effect. At the concentration of 32 mg/ml, 44.3% and 30.0% of the trophozoites and cysts were killed by the extract, respectively. Results obtained from these concentration values were found statistically different in terms of their actions both on trophozoites and cysts (p<0.05).
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El-Sayed NM, Ismail KA, Ahmed SAEG, Hetta MH. In vitro amoebicidal activity of ethanol extracts of Arachis hypogaea L., Curcuma longa L. and Pancratium maritimum L. on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1985-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Tepe B, Malatyali E, Degerli S, Berk S. In vitro amoebicidal activities of Teucrium polium and T. chamaedrys on Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites and cysts. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1773-8. [PMID: 22037826 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2698-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amoebic keratitis is difficult to treat without total efficacy in some patients because of cysts, which are less susceptible than trophozoites to the usual treatments. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro amoebicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of Teucrium polium and Teucrium chamaedrys. In the presence of methanolic extracts (ranging from 1.0 to 32.0 mg/ml), numbers of the viable Acanthamoeba castellani trophozoites and cysts were decreased during the experimental process. Both extracts showed time- and dose-dependent amoebicidal action on the trophozoites and cysts. Among the extracts tested, T. chamaedrys showed the strongest amoebicidal effect on the trophozoites. In the presence of 16 mg/ml or above extract concentrations, no viable trophozoites were observed within 48 h. In the case of T. polium, no viable trophozoites were observed within 48 h at 32 mg/ml concentration. As expected, cysts were found more resistant to the extracts than the trophozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bektas Tepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey.
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Degerli S, Berk S, Malatyali E, Tepe B. Screening of the in vitro amoebicidal activities of Pastinaca armenea (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) and Inula oculus-christi (L.) on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:565-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Malatyali E, Tepe B, Degerli S, Berk S, Akpulat HA. In vitro amoebicidal activity of four Peucedanum species on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:167-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Benitez LB, Caumo K, Brandelli A, Rott MB. Bacteriocin-like substance from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens shows remarkable inhibition of Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:687-91. [PMID: 20967460 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a bacteriocin-like substance (BLS) produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was tested against Acanthamoeba polyphaga strains, and its cytotoxic potential on Vero cells was investigated. Amebicidal activity of the purified BLS was tested by plate bioassays with concentrations ranging from 12.5 to 6,400 AU mL(-1). Damage to A. pholyphaga cells was monitored using an inverted microscope and counted in a Fuchs-Rosenthal chamber after 24, 48, and 72 h. According to the results obtained, the BLS showed remarkable amebicidal and amebostatic effect on A. polyphaga and showed no cytotoxicity on the Vero cells. These results may have great relevance in the development of new acanthamoebicidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisianne Brittes Benitez
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:585-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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