1
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Subramanian G, Kalidasan K, Quah S, Han QCG, Chan J, Wacker MG, Sampath P. Breaking barriers: Innovative approaches for skin delivery of RNA therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124435. [PMID: 38986965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
RNA therapeutics represent a rapidly expanding platform with game-changing prospects in personalized medicine. The disruptive potential of this technology will overhaul the standard of care with reference to both primary and specialty care. To date, RNA therapeutics have mostly been delivered parenterally via injection, but topical administration followed by intradermal or transdermal delivery represents an attractive method that is convenient to patients and minimally invasive. The skin barrier, particularly the lipid-rich stratum corneum, presents a significant hurdle to the uptake of large, charged oligonucleotide drugs. Therapeutic oligonucleotides need to be engineered for stability and specificity and formulated with state-of-the-art delivery strategies for efficient uptake. This review will cover various passive and active strategies deployed to enhance permeation through the stratum corneum and achieve effective delivery of RNA therapeutics to treat both local skin disorders and systemic diseases. Some strategies to achieve selectivity between local and systemic administration will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Subramanian
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Kamaladasan Kalidasan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Shan Quah
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Qi Chou Gavin Han
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Justin Chan
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore (NUS), 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore.
| | - Prabha Sampath
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 11 Mandalay Road #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Program in Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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2
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Farooq U, O'Reilly NJ, Ahmed Z, Gasco P, Raghu Raj Singh T, Behl G, Fitzhenry L, McLoughlin P. Design of liposomal nanocarriers with a potential for combined dexamethasone and bevacizumab delivery to the eye. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123958. [PMID: 38442797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Clinicians face numerous challenges when delivering medications to the eyes topically because of physiological barriers, that can inhibit the complete dose from getting to the intended location. Due to their small size, the ability to deliver drugs of different polarities simultaneously, and their biocompatibility, liposomes hold great promise for ocular drug delivery. This study aimed to develop and characterise a dual loaded liposome formulation encapsulating Bevacizumab (BEV) and Dexamethasone (DEX) that possessed the physicochemical attributes suitable for topical ocular delivery. Liposomes were prepared by using thin film hydration followed by extrusion, and the formulations were optimised using a design of experiments approach. Physicochemical characterisation along with cytocompatibility and bioactivity of the formulations were assessed. Liposomes were successfully prepared with a particle size of 139 ± 2 nm, PDI 0.03 ± 0.01 and zeta potential -2 ± 0.7 mV for the optimised formulation. BEV and DEX were successfully encapsulated into the liposomes with an encapsulation efficiency of 97 ± 0.5 % and 26 ± 0.5 %, respectively. A sustained release of BEV was observed from the liposomes and the bioactivity of the formulation was confirmed using a wound healing assay. In summary, a potential topical eye drop drug delivery system, which can co-load DEX and BEV was developed and characterised for its potential to be used in ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Farooq
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford City, Co. Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland
| | - Niall J O'Reilly
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford City, Co. Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland; SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paolo Gasco
- Nanovector srl, Via Livorno, 60 Turin, Italy
| | - Thakur Raghu Raj Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Gautam Behl
- Eirgen Pharma Limited, Westside Business Park, Old, Kilmeaden Road Co. Waterford X91 YV67, Ireland
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford City, Co. Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, South East Technological University, Cork Road, Waterford City, Co. Waterford X91 K0EK, Ireland; SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Ireland.
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3
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Wu KY, Brister D, Bélanger P, Tran SD. Exploring the Potential of Nanoporous Materials for Advancing Ophthalmic Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15599. [PMID: 37958583 PMCID: PMC10650608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The landscape of ophthalmology is undergoing significant transformations, driven by technological advancements and innovations in materials science. One of the advancements in this evolution is the application of nanoporous materials, endowed with unique physicochemical properties ideal for a variety of ophthalmological applications. Characterized by their high surface area, tunable porosity, and functional versatility, these materials have the potential to improve drug delivery systems and ocular devices. This review, anchored by a comprehensive literature focusing on studies published within the last five years, examines the applications of nanoporous materials in ocular drug delivery systems (DDS), contact lenses, and intraocular lenses. By consolidating the most current research, this review aims to serve as a resource for clinicians, researchers, and material scientists engaged in the rapidly evolving field of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery—Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Danielle Brister
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei 106319, Taiwan
| | - Paul Bélanger
- Department of Surgery—Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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4
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Chirco KR, Martinez C, Lamba DA. Advancements in pre-clinical development of gene editing-based therapies to treat inherited retinal diseases. Vision Res 2023; 209:108257. [PMID: 37210864 PMCID: PMC10524382 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals in the inherited retinal disease (IRD) field is to develop an effective therapy that can be applied to as many patients as possible. Significant progress has already been made toward this end, with gene editing at the forefront. The advancement of gene editing-based tools has been a recent focus of many research groups around the world. Here, we provide an update on the status of CRISPR/Cas-derived gene editors, promising options for delivery of these editing systems to the retina, and animal models that aid in pre-clinical testing of new IRD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Chirco
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States.
| | - Cassandra Martinez
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, CA, United States
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5
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Mahaling B, Low SWY, Ch S, Addi UR, Ahmad B, Connor TB, Mohan RR, Biswas S, Chaurasia SS. Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2005. [PMID: 37514191 PMCID: PMC10383092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness globally. The mainstay treatments for these blinding diseases are laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or steroids. Unfortunately, these therapies are associated with ocular complications like inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and vitreous hemorrhage. Recent advances in nanomedicine seek to curtail these limitations, overcoming ocular barriers by developing non-invasive or minimally invasive delivery modalities. These modalities include delivering therapeutics to specific cellular targets in the retina, providing sustained delivery of drugs to avoid repeated intravitreal injections, and acting as a scaffold for neural tissue regeneration. These next-generation nanomedicine approaches could potentially revolutionize the treatment landscape of retinal diseases. This review describes the availability and limitations of current treatment strategies and highlights insights into the advancement of future approaches using next-generation nanomedicines to manage retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binapani Mahaling
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shermaine W Y Low
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanjay Ch
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Utkarsh R Addi
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Liang Z, Zhang Z, Lu P, Yang J, Han L, Liu S, Zhou T, Li J, Zhang J. The effect of charges on the corneal penetration of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded econazole after topical administration in rabbits. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106494. [PMID: 37315870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fungal keratitis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic fungi with a high blindness rate. Econazole (ECZ) is an imidazole antifungal drug with insoluble ability. Econazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (E-SLNs) were prepared by microemulsion method, then modified with positive and negative charge. The mean diameter of cationic E-SLNs, nearly neutral E-SLNs and anionic E-SLNs were 18.73±0.14, 19.05±0.28, 18.54±0.10 nm respectively. The Zeta potential of these different charged SLNs formulations were 19.13±0.89, -2.20±0.10, -27.40±0.67 mV respectively. The Polydispersity Index (PDI) of these three kinds of nanoparticles were about 0.2. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the nanoparticles were a homogeneous system. Compared with Econazole suspension (E-Susp), SLNs exhibited sustained release capability, stronger corneal penetration and enhanced inhibition of pathogenic fungi without irritation. The antifungal ability was further improved after cationic charge modification compared with E-SLNs. Studies on pharmacokinetics showed that the order of the AUC and t1/2 of different preparations was cationic E-SLNs > nearly neutral E-SLNs > anionic E-SLNs > E-Susp in cornea and aqueous humor. It was shown that SLNs could increase corneal penetrability and ocular bioavailability while these capabilities were further enhanced with positive charge modification compared with negative charge ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lei Han
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tianyang Zhou
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Jingguo Li
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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7
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da Ana R, Fonseca J, Karczewski J, Silva AM, Zielińska A, Souto EB. Lipid-Based Nanoparticulate Systems for the Ocular Delivery of Bioactives with Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012102. [PMID: 36292951 PMCID: PMC9603520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the eye structure and its physiology turned ocular drug administration into one of the most challenging topics in the pharmaceutical field. Ocular inflammation is one of the most common ophthalmic disorders. Topical administration of anti-inflammatory drugs is also commonly used as a side treatment in tissue repair and regeneration. The difficulty in overcoming the eye barriers, which are both physical and chemical, reduces drug bioavailability, and the frequency of administration must be increased to reach the therapeutic effect. However, this can cause serious side effects. Lipid nanoparticles seem to be a great alternative to ocular drug delivery as they are composed from natural excipients and can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs of different sources, and their unique properties, as their excellent biocompatibility, safety and adhesion allow to increase the bioavailability, compliance and achieve a sustained drug release. They are also very stable, easy to produce and scale up, and can be lyophilized or sterilized with no significant alterations to the release profile and stability. Because of this, lipid nanoparticles show a great potential to be an essential part of the new therapeutic technologies in ophthalmology to deliver synthetic and natural anti-inflammatory drugs. In fact, there is an increasing interest in natural bioactives with anti-inflammatory activities, and the use of nanoparticles for their site-specific delivery. It is therefore expected that, in the near future, many more studies will promote the development of new nanomedicines resulting in clinical studies of new drugs formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel da Ana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Fonseca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.Z.); (E.B.S.)
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8
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Suprachoroidal delivery enables targeting, localization and durability of small molecule suspensions. J Control Release 2022; 349:1045-1051. [PMID: 35868358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the suprachoroidal space (SCS®) has become a clinical reality after the 2021 FDA approval of CLS-TA, a triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension for suprachoroidal use (XIPERE®), administered via a microneedle-based device, the SCS Microinjector®. Suprachoroidal (SC) delivery facilitates targeting, compartmentalization, and durability of small molecule suspensions, thereby potentially addressing some of the efficacy, safety, and treatment burden limitations of current retinal therapies. Herein, the design features of the SCS Microinjector are reviewed, along with the biomechanics of SC drug delivery. Also presented are preclinical evaluations of SC small molecule suspensions from 4 different therapeutic classes (plasma kallikrein inhibitor, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, corticosteroid, complement factor D inhibitor), highlighting their potential for durability, targeted compartmentalization, and acceptable safety profiles following microinjector-based SC delivery. The clinical evaluations of the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SC delivered triamcinolone further supports potential of SC small molecule suspensions as a clinically viable strategy for the treatment of chorioretinal diseases. Also highlighted are current limitations, key pharmacological considerations, and future opportunities to optimize the SC microinjector platform for safe, effective, and potentially long-acting drug delivery for the treatment of chorioretinal disorders.
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9
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Akbari J, Saeedi M, Ahmadi F, Hashemi SMH, Babaei A, Yaddollahi S, Rostamkalaei SS, Asare-Addo K, Nokhodchi A. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: A review of the methods of manufacture and routes of administration. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:525-544. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2084554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Akbari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Majid Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Hassan Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Babaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sadra Yaddollahi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyyed Sohrab Rostamkalaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Iran
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Iran, Amol.
| | - Kofi Asare-Addo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutical Research laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Xu Y, Fourniols T, Labrak Y, Préat V, Beloqui A, des Rieux A. Surface Modification of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7168-7196. [PMID: 35446546 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of lipid-based nanocarriers for multiple purposes, including the recent increase of these nanocarriers as vaccine components during the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of studies that involve the surface modification of nanocarriers to improve their performance (increase the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site with less off-site accumulation) is enormous. The present review aims to provide an overview of various methods associated with lipid nanoparticle grafting, including techniques used to separate grafted nanoparticles from unbound ligands or to characterize grafted nanoparticles. We also provide a critical perspective on the usefulness and true impact of these modifications on overcoming different biological barriers, with our prediction on what to expect in the near future in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Xu
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Fourniols
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yasmine Labrak
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 72 B1.72.01, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Beloqui
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne des Rieux
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier, 73 B1.73.12, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Sadeghi A, Ruponen M, Puranen J, Cao S, Ridolfo R, Tavakoli S, Toropainen E, Lajunen T, Ranta VP, van Hest J, Urtti A. Imaging, quantitation and kinetic modelling of intravitreal nanomaterials. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Jacob S, Nair AB, Shah J, Gupta S, Boddu SHS, Sreeharsha N, Joseph A, Shinu P, Morsy MA. Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy-An Overview on Recent Advances. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:533. [PMID: 35335909 PMCID: PMC8955373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to complicated anatomical and physical properties, targeted drug delivery to ocular tissues continues to be a key challenge for formulation scientists. Various attempts are currently being made to improve the in vivo performance of therapeutic molecules by encapsulating them in various nanocarrier systems or devices and administering them via invasive/non-invasive or minimally invasive drug administration methods. Biocompatible and biodegradable lipid nanoparticles have emerged as a potential alternative to conventional ocular drug delivery systems to overcome various ocular barriers. Lipid-based nanocarrier systems led to major technological advancements and therapeutic advantages during the last few decades of ocular therapy, such as high precorneal residence time, sustained drug release profile, minimum dosing frequency, decreased drug toxicity, targeted site delivery, and, therefore, an improvement in ocular bioavailability. In addition, such formulations can be given as fine dispersion in patient-friendly droppable preparation without causing blurred vision and ocular sensitivity reactions. The unique advantages of lipid nanoparticles, namely, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, and liposomes in intraocular targeted administration of various therapeutic drugs are extensively discussed. Ongoing and completed clinical trials of various liposome-based formulations and various characterization techniques designed for nanoemulsion in ocular delivery are tabulated. This review also describes diverse solid lipid nanoparticle preparation methods, procedures, advantages, and limitations. Functionalization approaches to overcome the drawbacks of lipid nanoparticles, as well as the exploration of new functional additives with the potential to improve the penetration of macromolecular pharmaceuticals, would quickly progress the challenging field of ocular drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shery Jacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Jigar Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad 382481, India;
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana 133203, India;
| | - Sai H. S. Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Off Sarjapura Road, Bangalore 560035, India
| | - Alex Joseph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.N.); (N.S.); (M.A.M.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia 61511, Egypt
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13
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Musielak E, Feliczak-Guzik A, Nowak I. Synthesis and Potential Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles in Medicine. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:682. [PMID: 35057398 PMCID: PMC8780297 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, carriers of active ingredients in the form of particles of a size measured in nanometers are the focus of interest of research centers worldwide. So far, submicrometer emulsions, liposomes, as well as microspheres, and nanospheres made of biodegradable polymers have been used in medicine. Recent studies show particular interest in nanoparticles based on lipids, and at the present time, are even referred to as the "era of lipid carriers". With the passage of time, lipid nanoparticles of the so-called first and second generation, SLN (Solid Lipid Nanoparticles) and nanostructured lipid carriers and NLC (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers), respectively, turned out to be an alternative for all imperfections of earlier carriers. These carriers are characterized by a number of beneficial functional properties, including, among others, structure based on lipids well tolerated by the human body, high stability, and ability to carry hydro- and lipophilic compounds. Additionally, these carriers can enhance the distribution of the drug in the target organ and alter the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug carriers to enhance the medical effect and minimize adverse side effects. This work is focused on the current review of the state-of-the-art related to the synthesis and applications of popular nanoparticles in medicine, with a focus on their use, e.g., in COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Izabela Nowak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.); (A.F.-G.)
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14
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Yang B, Li G, Liu J, Li X, Zhang S, Sun F, Liu W. Nanotechnology for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122035. [PMID: 34959316 PMCID: PMC8705006 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative eye disease that is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in people 50 years and older. Today, the most common treatment for AMD involves repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs. However, the existing expensive therapies not only cannot cure this disease, they also produce a variety of side effects. For example, the number of injections increases the cumulative risk of endophthalmitis and other complications. Today, a single intravitreal injection of gene therapy products can greatly reduce the burden of treatment and improve visual effects. In addition, the latest innovations in nanotherapy provide the best drug delivery alternative for the treatment of AMD. In this review, we discuss the development of nano-drug delivery systems and gene therapy strategies for AMD in recent years. In addition, we discuss some novel targeting strategies and the potential application of these delivery methods in the treatment of AMD. Finally, we also propose that the combination of CRISPR/Cas9 technology with a new non-viral delivery system may be promising as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Ge Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Shixin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Fengying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (G.L.); (J.L.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Nsairat H, Khater D, Odeh F, Al-Adaileh F, Al-Taher S, Jaber AM, Alshaer W, Al Bawab A, Mubarak MS. Lipid nanostructures for targeting brain cancer. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07994. [PMID: 34632135 PMCID: PMC8488847 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in both material science and bionanotechnology are transforming the health care sector. To this end, nanoparticles are increasingly used to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Huge research is being carried out to improve the design, efficiency, and performance of these nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are also considered as a major area of research and development to meet the essential requirements for use in nanomedicine where safety, compatibility, biodegradability, biodistribution, stability, and effectiveness are requirements towards the desired application. In this regard, lipids have been used in pharmaceuticals and medical formulations for a long time. The present work focuses on the use of lipid nanostructures to combat brain tumors. In addition, this review summarizes the literature pertaining to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (LNC), methods of preparation and characterization, developments achieved to overcome blood brain barrier (BBB), and modifications used to increase their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Fedaa Al-Adaileh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suma Al-Taher
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Areej M. Jaber
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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16
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Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Dermal and Transdermal Applications. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids5010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The stratum corneum, the most superficial layer of the skin, protects the body against environmental hazards and presents a highly selective barrier for the passage of drugs and cosmetic products deeper into the skin and across the skin. Nanomaterials can effectively increase the permeation of active molecules across the stratum corneum and enable their penetration into deeper skin layers, often by interacting with the skin and creating the distinct sites with elevated local concentration, acting as reservoirs. The flux of the molecules from these reservoirs can be either limited to the underlying skin layers (for topical drug and cosmeceutical delivery) or extended across all the sublayers of the epidermis to the blood vessels of the dermis (for transdermal delivery). The type of the nanocarrier and the physicochemical nature of the active substance are among the factors that determine the final skin permeation pattern and the stability of the penetrant in the cutaneous environment. The most widely employed types of nanomaterials for dermal and transdermal applications include solid lipid nanoparticles, nanovesicular carriers, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and polymeric nanoparticles. The recent advances in the area of nanomaterial-assisted dermal and transdermal delivery are highlighted in this review.
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Wan CR, Muya L, Kansara V, Ciulla TA. Suprachoroidal Delivery of Small Molecules, Nanoparticles, Gene and Cell Therapies for Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020288. [PMID: 33671815 PMCID: PMC7926337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Suprachoroidal drug delivery technology has advanced rapidly and emerged as a promising administration route for a variety of therapeutic candidates, in order to target multiple ocular diseases, ranging from neovascular age-related macular degeneration to choroidal melanoma. This review summarizes the latest preclinical and clinical progress in suprachoroidal delivery of therapeutic agents, including small molecule suspensions, polymeric entrapped small molecules, gene therapy (viral and nonviral nanoparticles), viral nanoparticle conjugates (VNCs), and cell therapy. Formulation customization is critical in achieving favorable pharmacokinetics, and sustained drug release profiles have been repeatedly observed for multiple small molecule suspensions and polymeric formulations. Novel therapeutic agents such as viral and nonviral gene therapy, as well as VNCs, have demonstrated promise in animal studies. Several of these suprachoroidally-administered therapies have been assessed in clinical trials, including small molecule suspensions of triamcinolone acetonide and axitinib, viral vector RGX-314 for gene therapy, and VNC AU-011. With continued drug delivery research and optimization, coupled with customized drug formulations, suprachoroidal drug delivery may address large unmet therapeutic needs in ophthalmology, targeting affected tissues with novel therapies for efficacy benefits, compartmentalizing therapies away from unaffected tissues for safety benefits, and achieving durability to relieve the treatment burden noted with current agents.
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18
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To investigate fit-to-purpose nanocarrier for non-invasive drug delivery to posterior segment of eye. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Nanodiagnostics and Nanotherapeutics for age-related macular degeneration. J Control Release 2021; 329:1262-1282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Rajpoot K. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Nanomaterial in Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3943-3959. [PMID: 31481000 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190903155321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) usually consists of active drug molecules along with solid lipids, surfactants, and/or co-surfactants. They possess some potential features such as nano-size, surface with a free functional group to attach ligands, and as well they prove safe homing for both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic molecules. As far as synthesis is concerned, SLNs can be prepared by employing various techniques viz., homogenization techniques (e.g., high-pressure, high-speed, cold, or hot homogenization), spray drying technique, ultrasonication, solvent emulsification, double emulsion technique, etc. Apart from this, they are characterized by different methods for determining various parameters like particle-size, polydispersity-index, surface morphology, DSC, XRD, etc. SLNs show good stability as well as the ability for surface tailoring with the specific ligand, which makes them a suitable candidate in the therapy of numerous illnesses, especially in the targeting of the cancers. In spite of this, SLNs have witnessed their application via various routes e.g., oral, parenteral, topical, pulmonary, rectal routes, etc. Eventually, SLNs have also shown great potential for delivery of gene/DNA, vaccines, as well as in cosmeceuticals. Hence, SLNs have emerged as a promising nanomaterial for efficient delivery of various Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Pharmaceutical Research Project Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
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21
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Durgun ME, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Micelles: Promising Ocular Drug Carriers for Anterior and Posterior Segment Diseases. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:323-341. [PMID: 32310723 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Micelles have been studied in the targeting of drug substances to different tissues as a nano-sized delivery system for many years. Sustained drug release, ease of production, increased solubility, and bioavailability of drugs with low water solubility are the most important superiorites of micellar carriers. These advantages paved the way for the use of micelles as a drug delivery system in the ocular tissues. The unique anatomical structure of the eye as well as its natural barriers and physiology affect ocular bioavailability of the drugs negatively. Conventional dosage forms can only reach the anterior segment of the eye and are used for the treatment of diseases of this segment. In the treatment of posterior segment diseases, conventional dosage forms are administered sclerally, via an intravitreal injection, or systemically. However, ocular irritation, low patient compliance, and high side effects are also observed. Micellar ocular drug delivery systems have significant promise for the treatment of ocular diseases. The potential of micellar systems ocular drug delivery has been demonstrated by in vivo animal experiments and clinical studies, and they are continuing extensively. In this review, the recent research studies, in which the positive outcomes of micelles for ocular targeting of drugs for both anterior and posterior segment diseases as well as glaucoma has been demonstrated by in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo studies, are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Ezgi Durgun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Güngör
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030288. [PMID: 32210127 PMCID: PMC7151211 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current standard chemotherapy is suboptimal due to the poor solubility and short half-lives of chemotherapeutic agents, as well as their high toxicity and lack of specificity which may result in severe side effects, noncompliance and patient inconvenience. The application of nanotechnology has revolutionized the pharmaceutical industry and attracted increasing attention as a significant means for optimizing the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and enhancing their efficiency and safety profiles. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are lipid-based formulations that have been broadly studied as drug delivery systems. They have a solid matrix at room temperature and are considered superior to many other traditional lipid-based nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) due to their enhanced physical stability, improved drug loading capacity, and biocompatibility. This review focuses on the latest advances in the use of NLCs as drug delivery systems and their preparation and characterization techniques with special emphasis on their applications as delivery systems for chemotherapeutic agents and different strategies for their use in tumor targeting.
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23
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Kim S, Kang-Mieler JJ, Liu W, Wang Z, Yiu G, Teixeira LBC, Mieler WF, Thomasy SM. Safety and Biocompatibility of Aflibercept-Loaded Microsphere Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Drug Delivery System in a Nonhuman Primate Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:30. [PMID: 32742760 PMCID: PMC7354880 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a microsphere thermo-responsive hydrogel drug delivery system (DDS) loaded with aflibercept in a nonhuman primate model. Methods A sterile 50 µL of aflibercept-loaded microsphere thermo-responsive hydrogel-DDS (aflibercept-DDS) was injected intravitreally into the right eye of 10 healthy rhesus macaques. A complete ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and electroretinogram were performed monthly for 6 months. One macaque was euthanized monthly, and the enucleated eyes were submitted for measurement of bioactive aflibercept concentrations. Four eyes were submitted for histopathology. Results Injected aflibercept-DDS was visualized in the vitreous until 6 months postinjection. No abnormalities were observed in the anterior segment, and IOP remained within normal range during the study period. A small number of cells were observed in the vitreous of some macaques, but otherwise the remainder of the posterior segment examination was normal. No significant changes in retinal architecture or function as assessed by SD-OCT and histology or full-field electroretinography, respectively, were observed. A mild, focal foreign body reaction around the injectate was observed with histology at 6 months postinjection. A mean of 2.1 ng/µL of aflibercept was measured in the vitreous. Conclusions Intravitreally injected aflibercept-DDS achieved controlled, sustained release of aflibercept with no adverse effects for up to 6 months in the eyes of healthy rhesus macaques. Translational Relevance Aflibercept-DDS may be a more effective method to deliver bioactive antivascular endothelial growth factor agents than current practice by reducing the frequency of intravitreal injections and providing controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Kim
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California -Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Kang-Mieler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California -Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Glenn Yiu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leandro B C Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William F Mieler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California -Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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24
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Souto EB, Baldim I, Oliveira WP, Rao R, Yadav N, Gama FM, Mahant S. SLN and NLC for topical, dermal, and transdermal drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:357-377. [PMID: 32064958 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1727883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: From a biopharmaceutical standpoint, the skin is recognized as an interesting route for drug delivery. In general, small molecules are able to penetrate the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. In contrast, the delivery of larger molecules, such as peptides and proteins, remains a challenge. Nanoparticles have been exploited not only to enhance skin penetration of drugs but also to expand the range of molecules to be clinically used.Areas covered: This review focus on Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for skin administration. We discuss the selection criteria for lipids, surfactants, and surface modifiers commonly in use in SLN/NLC, their production techniques, and the range of drugs loaded in these lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of skin disorders.Expert opinion: Depending on the lipid and surfactant composition, different nanoparticle morphologies can be generated. Both SLN and NLC are composed of lipids that resemble those of the skin and sebum, which contribute to their enhanced biocompatibility, with limited toxicological risk. SLN and NLC can be loaded with very chemically different drugs, may provide a tunable release profile, can be produced in a sterilized environment, and be scaled-up without the need for organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B Souto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Iara Baldim
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanderley P Oliveira
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rekha Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Nitesh Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Francisco M Gama
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sheefali Mahant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
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Novel Liposome Aggregate Platform (LAP) system for sustained retention of drugs in the posterior ocular segment following intravitreal injection. Int J Pharm 2019; 576:118987. [PMID: 31870961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel Liposome Aggregate Platform (LAP) system for prolonged retention of drugs in the posterior eye segment after intravitreal injection (IVT) was developed and evaluated. Calcein, FITC-dextran-4000 (FD4) and Flurbiprofen (FLB), were encapsulated in negatively charged liposomes, and mixed with protamine to produce the LAP. The lipid/protamine ratio was fixed, in order to have a convenient aggregation rate permitting IVT injection and also a sustained release of liposome-entrapped molecules (in vitro) from LAP. In vitro release studies confirmed the potential of LAP system consisted of HPC/DPPG/Chol liposomes and protamine (at 1:1 w/w to lipid), to delay calcein, FD4 and FLB release, compared to free liposomes. In vivo studies demonstrated increased vitreous retention of liposomes and LAP for all molecules, compared to the corresponding solutions; however the retention of FD4 is similar for non-aggregated liposomes and LAP, and calcein retention is only slightly increased by LAP compared to liposomes. The later result may be connected with the visible ocular inflammation caused by both dyes; interestingly inflammation was moderately reduced when dyes were entrapped in liposomes and even more when in LAP. No visible inflammation was demonstrated for FLB, and the LAP system significantly increased the retention of FLB in the ocular tissues (compared to non-aggregated liposomes). Taking into account the capability of the novel LAP system to decrease inflammatory reactions towards calcein and FD4, and prolong the retention of FLB in ocular tissues, it is concluded that such systems, after further optimization, may be considered as promising effective and safe approaches for treatment of posterior segment ocular pathologies.
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Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the current review was to summarize the current applications, the latest advances and importantly, highlight research gaps in the use of quantum dots in the eye. Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals with characteristic size and tunable optical properties, which deliver bright and stable fluorescence suitable for bioimaging and labelling. Methods: A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. This review systematically searched published data to summarize the characteristics and applications of quantum dots in ophthalmology. Two hundred and eighty published articles were initially selected for this review following searches using the criteria quantum dots AND nanoparticles AND ophthalmology in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Results: After duplicates were removed, a total of 22 eligible articles were included for the review. Quantum dots potentially provide a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in ophthalmology. Quantum dots offer visible and near-infrared emission, which is highly desirable for bioimaging, due to reduced light scattering and low tissue absorption. Their applications include in vivo bioimaging, labelling of cells and tissues, delivery of genes or drugs and as antimicrobial composites. Conclusion: Quantum dots have been used in ophthalmology for bioimaging, electrical stimulation and tracking of gene/stems cells, and ocular lymphatics. However, there is no detailed description of their desirable characteristics for use in ophthalmology, and there is limited information about their cytotoxicity to ocular cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Sarwat
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Mark Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Maitreyee Roy
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney , Australia
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27
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Huang X, Chau Y. Intravitreal nanoparticles for retinal delivery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1510-1523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mishra V, Bansal KK, Verma A, Yadav N, Thakur S, Sudhakar K, Rosenholm JM. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Emerging Colloidal Nano Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E191. [PMID: 30340327 PMCID: PMC6321253 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are nanocarriers developed as substitute colloidal drug delivery systems parallel to liposomes, lipid emulsions, polymeric nanoparticles, and so forth. Owing to their unique size dependent properties and ability to incorporate drugs, SLNs present an opportunity to build up new therapeutic prototypes for drug delivery and targeting. SLNs hold great potential for attaining the goal of targeted and controlled drug delivery, which currently draws the interest of researchers worldwide. The present review sheds light on different aspects of SLNs including fabrication and characterization techniques, formulation variables, routes of administration, surface modifications, toxicity, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Kuldeep K Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Asit Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Nishika Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Sourav Thakur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Kalvatala Sudhakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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Kouchak M, Malekahmadi M, Bavarsad N, Saki Malehi A, Andishmand L. Dorzolamide nanoliposome as a long action ophthalmic delivery system in open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 44:1239-1242. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1386196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouchak
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Malekahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Neda Bavarsad
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amal Saki Malehi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Laleh Andishmand
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Liu S, Romano V, Steger B, Kaye SB, Hamill KJ, Willoughby CE. Gene-based antiangiogenic applications for corneal neovascularization. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 63:193-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Rajala A, Rajala RVS. Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1074:117-123. [PMID: 29721935 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75402-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, huge progress has been made in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. Such knowledge has led to the development of gene therapy approaches to treat these devastating disorders. Non-viral gene delivery has been recognized as a prospective treatment for retinal degenerative diseases. In this review, we will summarize the constituent characteristics and recent applications of three representative nanoparticles (NPs) in ocular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ammaji Rajala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Raju V S Rajala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Garrigue JS, Amrane M, Faure MO, Holopainen JM, Tong L. Relevance of Lipid-Based Products in the Management of Dry Eye Disease. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2017; 33:647-661. [PMID: 28956698 PMCID: PMC5655476 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2017.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of the ocular surface synergistically contribute to maintaining and protecting a smooth refractive layer to facilitate the optimal transmission of light. At the air-water interface, the tear film lipid layer (TFLL), a mixture of lipids and proteins, plays a key role in tear surface tension and is important for the physiological hydration of the ocular surface and for ocular homeostasis. Alterations in tear fluid rheology, differences in lipid composition, or downregulation of specific tear proteins are found in most types of ocular surface disease, including dry eye disease (DED). Artificial tears have long been a first line of treatment in DED and aim to replace or supplement tears. More recently, lipid-containing eye drops have been developed to more closely mimic the combination of aqueous and lipid layers of the TFLL. Over the last 2 decades, our understanding of the nature and importance of lipids in the tear film in health and disease has increased substantially. The aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of our current understanding of tear film properties and review the effectiveness of lipid-based products in the treatment of DED. Liposome lid sprays, emulsion eye drops, and other lipid-containing formulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juha M. Holopainen
- Helsinki Eye Lab, Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
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Alvarez-Trabado J, Diebold Y, Sanchez A. Designing lipid nanoparticles for topical ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Adhikari P, Pal P, Das AK, Ray S, Bhattacharjee A, Mazumder B. Nano lipid-drug conjugate: An integrated review. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:629-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weng Y, Liu J, Jin S, Guo W, Liang X, Hu Z. Nanotechnology-based strategies for treatment of ocular disease. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:281-291. [PMID: 28540165 PMCID: PMC5430571 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops, injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new, highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.
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Eriksen AZ, Brewer J, Andresen TL, Urquhart AJ. The diffusion dynamics of PEGylated liposomes in the intact vitreous of the ex vivo porcine eye: A fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and biodistribution study. Int J Pharm 2017; 522:90-97. [PMID: 28267579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diffusion dynamics of nanocarriers in the vitreous and the influence of nanocarrier physicochemical properties on these dynamics is an important aspect of the efficacy of intravitreal administered nanomedicines for the treatment of posterior segment eye diseases. Here we use fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to determine liposome diffusion coefficients in the intact vitreous (DVit) of ex vivo porcine eyes using a modified Miyake-Apple technique to minimize the disruption of the vitreous fine structure. We chose to investigate whether the zeta potential of polyethylene glycol functionalized (i.e. PEGylated) liposomes altered liposome in situ diffusion dynamics in the vitreous. Non-PEGylated cationic nanocarriers have previously shown little to no diffusion in the vitreous, whilst neutral and anionic have shown diffusion. The liposomes investigated had diameters below 150nm and zeta potentials ranging from -20 to +12mV. We observed that PEGylated cationic liposomes had significantly lower DVit values (1.14μm2s-1) than PEGylated neutral and anionic liposomes (2.78 and 2.87μm2s-1). However, PEGylated cationic liposomes had a similar biodistribution profile across the vitreous to the other systems. These results show that PEGylated cationic liposomes with limited cationic charge can diffuse across the vitreous and indicate that the vitreous as a barrier to nanocarriers (Ø<500nm) is more complicated than simply an electrostatic barrier as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Z Eriksen
- Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andrew J Urquhart
- Department for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 345C, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A. Applications of lipid nanoparticles in gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:184-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3009-3032. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics have been recognized as the drugs of choice for the treatment of several diseases, mainly due to their high selectivity and potent action. Nonetheless, their oral administration is a rather challenging problem, since their bioavailability is significantly hindered by various physiological barriers along the GI tract, including their acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach, their enzymatic degradation throughout the GI tract and their poor mucosa permeability. Lipid-based nanocarriers represent a viable means for enhancing the oral bioavailability of biomolecules while diminishing toxicity-related issues. The present review describes the main physiological barriers limiting the oral bioavailability of macromolecules and highlights recent advances in the field of lipid-based carriers as well as the respective lipid intestinal absorption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sánchez-López E, Espina M, Doktorovova S, Souto EB, García ML. Lipid nanoparticles (SLN, NLC): Overcoming the anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye - Part II - Ocular drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 110:58-69. [PMID: 27789359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decades, various controlled delivery systems have been introduced with the aim to improve solubility, stability and bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs. Among all, lipid nanoparticles gather interesting properties as drug or gene delivery carriers. These systems, composed either of solid lipids (SLN) or of solid and liquid lipids (NLC) stabilized with surfactants, combine the advantages of other colloidal particles such as polymeric nanoparticles, fat emulsions and liposomes avoiding their main disadvantages. Lipid nanoparticles represent an interesting approach for eye drug delivery as they can improve the corneal absorption of drugs enhancing their bioavailability. The Generally Recognized as Safe status of formulation excipients, the scaling-up facilities and the possibility of sterilization, make them suitable for industrial production. In this review, the latest findings, potential applications, and challenges related to the use of lipid nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery are comprehensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Doktorovova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M L García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Preclinical safety of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: Current evidence from in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 108:235-252. [PMID: 27519829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) were designed as exceptionally safe colloidal carriers for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. SLN/NLC have the particularity of being composed of excipientsalready approved for use in medicines for human use, which offers a great advantage over any other nanoparticulate system developed from novel materials. Despite this fact, any use of excipients in new route of administration or in new dosage form requires evidence of safety. After 25 years of research on SLN and NLC, enough evidence on their preclinical safety has been published. In the present work, published data on in vitro and in vivo compatibility of SLN/NLC have been surveyed, in order to provide evidence of high biocompatibility distinguished by intended administration route. We also identified critical factors and possible weak points in SLN/NLC formulations, such as the effect of surfactants on the cell viability in vitro, which should be considered for further development.
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Battaglia L, Serpe L, Foglietta F, Muntoni E, Gallarate M, Del Pozo Rodriguez A, Solinis MA. Application of lipid nanoparticles to ocular drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1743-1757. [PMID: 27291069 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1201059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although eye drops are widely used as drug delivery systems for the anterior segment of the eye, they are also associated with poor drug bioavailability due to transient contact time and rapid washout by tearing. Moreover, effective drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging, and alternative routes of administration (periocular and intravitreal) are generally needed, the blood-retinal barrier being the major obstacle to systemic drug delivery. Areas covered: Nanotechnology, and especially lipid nanoparticles, can improve the therapeutic efficiency, compliance and safety of ocular drugs, administered via different routes, to both the anterior and posterior segment of the eye. This review highlights the main ocular barriers to drug delivery, as well as the most common eye diseases suitable for pharmacological treatment in which lipid nanoparticles have proved efficacious as alternative delivery systems. Expert opinion: Lipid-based nanocarriers are among the most biocompatible and versatile means for ocular delivery. Mucoadhesion with consequent increase in pre-corneal retention time, and enhanced permeation due to cellular uptake by corneal epithelial cells, are the essential goals for topical lipid nanoparticle delivery. Gene delivery to the retina has shown very promising results after intravitreal administration of lipid nanoparticles as non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Battaglia
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Loredana Serpe
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Federica Foglietta
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Marina Gallarate
- a Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Ana Del Pozo Rodriguez
- b Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy , Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Solinis
- b Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy , Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain
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Apaolaza PS, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Solinís MA, Rodríguez JM, Friedrich U, Torrecilla J, Weber BHF, Rodríguez-Gascón A. Structural recovery of the retina in a retinoschisin-deficient mouse after gene replacement therapy by solid lipid nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2016; 90:40-9. [PMID: 26986855 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is a retinal degenerative disorder caused by mutations in the RS1 gene encoding a protein termed retinoschisin. The disease is an excellent candidate for gene replacement therapy as the majority of mutations have been shown to lead to a complete deficiency of the secreted protein in the retinal structures. In this work, we have studied the ability of non-viral vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to induce the expression of retinoschisin in photoreceptors (PR) after intravitreal administration to Rs1h-deficient mice. We designed two vectors prepared with SLN, protamine, and dextran (DX) or hyaluronic acid (HA), bearing a plasmid containing the human RS1 gene under the control of the murin opsin promoter (mOPS). In vitro, the nanocarriers were able to induce the expression of retinoschisin in a PR cell line. After injection into the murine vitreous, the formulation prepared with HA induced a higher transfection level in PR than the formulation prepared with DX. Moreover, the level of retinoschisin in the inner nuclear layer (INL), where bipolar cells are located, was also higher. Two weeks after vitreal administration into Rs1h-deficient mice, both formulations showed significant improvement of the retinal structure by inducing a decrease of cavities and PR loss, and an increase of retinal and outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness. HA-SLN resulted in a significant higher increase in the thickness of both retina and ONL, which can be explained by the higher transfection level of PR. In conclusion, we have shown the structural improvement of the retina of Rs1h-deficient mice with PR specific expression of the RS1 gene driven by the specific promoter mOPS, after successful delivery via SLN-based non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Apaolaza
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - A Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - M A Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J M Rodríguez
- Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - U Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Torrecilla
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - B H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de investigación Lascaray ikergunea, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad, 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Beloqui A, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Almeida AJ, Préat V. Nanostructured lipid carriers: Promising drug delivery systems for future clinics. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:143-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ophthalmic applications of lipid-based drug nanocarriers: an update of research and patenting activity. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:1297-318. [PMID: 26608630 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic diseases collect great attention by researchers and pharmaceutical technologists, since they can dramatically worsen the quality of life. Because of the limited duration of action on the eye surface, and anatomical/physiological barriers to drug penetration from it into the inner eye structures, conventional ocular formulations are generally unable to perform at their best. Nanotechnology approaches can represent a solution to improve the therapeutic efficiency, compliance and safety of ocular drugs. In this respect, lipid-based nanocarriers are among the most interesting systems. Their composition and production methods make them highly biocompatible and safe formulations. This review illustrates the developments achieved in ocular drug delivery using lipid-based nanocarriers, with a critical revision of recent scientific articles and filed patents.
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Apaolaza P, del Pozo-Rodríguez A, Torrecilla J, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Rodríguez J, Friedrich U, Weber B, Solinís M. Solid lipid nanoparticle-based vectors intended for the treatment of X-linked juvenile retinoschisis by gene therapy: In vivo approaches in Rs1h-deficient mouse model. J Control Release 2015; 217:273-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Duxfield L, Sultana R, Wang R, Englebretsen V, Deo S, Swift S, Rupenthal I, Al-Kassas R. Development of gatifloxacin-loaded cationic polymeric nanoparticles for ocular drug delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:172-9. [PMID: 26794936 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aimed at improving the ocular bioavailability of gatifloxacin by prolonging its residence time in the eye and reducing problems associated with the drug re-crystallization after application through incorporation into cationic polymeric nanoparticles. Gatifloxacin-loaded nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation and double emulsion techniques. A 50:50 Eudragit® RL and RS mixture was used as cationic polymer with other formulation parameters varied. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for size, zeta potential, and drug loading. An optimized formulation was selected and further characterized for in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity. The double emulsion method produced larger nanoparticles than the nanoprecipitation method (410 nm and 68 nm, respectively). Surfactant choice also affected particle size and zeta potential with Tween 80 producing smaller-sized particles with higher zeta potential than PVA. However, the zeta potential was positive at all experimental conditions investigated. The optimal formulation produced by double emulsion technique and has achieved 46% drug loading. This formulation had optimal physicochemical properties with acceptable cytotoxicity results, and very prolonged release rate. The particles antimicrobial activities of the selected formulation have been tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus and showed prolonged antimicrobial effect for gatifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Duxfield
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Rubab Sultana
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ruokai Wang
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Englebretsen
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Samantha Deo
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Simon Swift
- c Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology , Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Ilva Rupenthal
- b Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand , and
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- a Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Hou H, Nieto A, Belghith A, Nan K, Li Y, Freeman WR, Sailor MJ, Cheng L. A sustained intravitreal drug delivery system with remote real time monitoring capability. Acta Biomater 2015; 24:309-21. [PMID: 26087110 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Many chorioretinal diseases are chronic and need sustained drug delivery systems to keep therapeutic drug level at the disease site. Many intravitreal drug delivery systems under developing do not have mechanism incorporated for a non-invasive monitoring of drug release. The current study prepared rugate porous silicon (pSi) particles by electrochemical etching with the current frequency (K value) of 2.17 and 2.45. Two model drugs (rapamycin and dexamethasone) and two drug-loading strategies were tested for the feasibility to monitor drug release from the pSi particles through a color fundus camera. The pSi particles (k=2.45) with infiltration loading of rapamycin demonstrated progressively more violet color reflection which was negatively associated with the rapamycin released into the vitreous (r=-0.4, p<0.001, pairwise). In contrast, pSi with K value of 2.17 demonstrated progressive color change toward green and a weak association between rapamycin released into vitreous and green color abundance was identified (r=-0.23, p=0.002, pairwise). Dexamethasone was covalently loaded on to the fully oxidized pSi particles that appeared in vitreous as yellow color and fading over time. The yellow color decrease over time was strongly associated with the dexamethasone detected from the vitreous samples (r=0.7, p<0.0001, pairwise). These results suggest that engineered porous silicon particles may be used as a self-reporting drug delivery system for a non-invasive real time remote monitoring. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The current study, for the first time, demonstrated proof of concept that engineered porous silicon photonic crystal may deliver therapeutics in a controlled fashion while at the same time might offer a noninvasive remote monitoring of its payload release in a living eye. Porous silicon photonic crystal changes color which is in association with its payload release into vitreous. With further optimization, the color change may be harnessed to inform eye care professionals of real time drug concentration in the eye and allow them to make informed decision to re-dose the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Hou
- Jacobs Retina Center/Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Alejandra Nieto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Akram Belghith
- Jacobs Retina Center/Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Kaihui Nan
- Jacobs Retina Center/Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - William R Freeman
- Jacobs Retina Center/Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael J Sailor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Lingyun Cheng
- Jacobs Retina Center/Shiley Eye Center at University of California, San Diego, United States.
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Wang Y, Rajala A, Rajala RVS. Lipid Nanoparticles for Ocular Gene Delivery. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:379-94. [PMID: 26062170 PMCID: PMC4493518 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids contain hydrocarbons and are the building blocks of cells. Lipids can naturally form themselves into nano-films and nano-structures, micelles, reverse micelles, and liposomes. Micelles or reverse micelles are monolayer structures, whereas liposomes are bilayer structures. Liposomes have been recognized as carriers for drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles and lipoplex (liposome-polycation-DNA complex), also called lipid nanoparticles, are currently used to deliver drugs and genes to ocular tissues. A solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) is typically spherical, and possesses a solid lipid core matrix that can solubilize lipophilic molecules. The lipid nanoparticle, called the liposome protamine/DNA lipoplex (LPD), is electrostatically assembled from cationic liposomes and an anionic protamine-DNA complex. The LPD nanoparticles contain a highly condensed DNA core surrounded by lipid bilayers. SLNs are extensively used to deliver drugs to the cornea. LPD nanoparticles are used to target the retina. Age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy are the most common retinal diseases in humans. There have also been promising results achieved recently with LPD nanoparticles to deliver functional genes and micro RNA to treat retinal diseases. Here, we review recent advances in ocular drug and gene delivery employing lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Wang
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
| | - Ammaji Rajala
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
| | - Raju V S Rajala
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73014, USA.
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Nanoparticle-based technologies for retinal gene therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:353-67. [PMID: 25592325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
For patients with hereditary retinal diseases, retinal gene therapy offers significant promise for the prevention of retinal degeneration. While adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based systems remain the most popular gene delivery method due to their high efficiency and successful clinical results, other delivery systems, such as non-viral nanoparticles (NPs) are being developed as additional therapeutic options. NP technologies come in several categories (e.g., polymer, liposomes, peptide compacted DNA), several of which have been tested in mouse models of retinal disease. Here, we discuss the key biochemical features of the different NPs that influence how they are internalized into cells, escape from endosomes, and are delivered into the nucleus. We review the primary mechanism of NP uptake by retinal cells and highlight various NPs that have been successfully used for in vivo gene delivery to the retina and RPE. Finally, we consider the various strategies that can be implemented in the plasmid DNA to generate persistent, high levels of gene expression.
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