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Fan X, Jiang K, Geng F, Lu W, Wei G. Ocular therapies with biomacromolecules: From local injection to eyedrop and emerging noninvasive delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114864. [PMID: 37156266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a continuously increasing number of biomacromolecules approved for the treatment of ocular diseases. The eye possesses multiple protective mechanisms to resist the invasion of exogenous substances, but meanwhile these physiological defense systems also act as strong barriers, impeding absorption of most biomacromolecules into the eye. As a result, local injections play predominant roles for posterior ocular delivery of biomacromolecules in clinical practice. To achieve safe and convenient application of biomacromolecules, alternative strategies to realize noninvasive intraocular delivery are necessary. Various nanocarriers, novel penetration enhancers and physical strategies have been explored to facilitate delivery of biomacromolecules to both anterior and posterior ocular segments but still suffered difficulties in clinical translation. This review compares the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eyes from those frequently adopted experimental species and profiles the well-established animal models of ocular diseases. We also summarize the ophthalmic biomacromolecules launched on the market and put emphasis on emerging noninvasive intraocular delivery strategies of peptides, proteins and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Feiyang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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Dahbash M, Sella R, Megiddo-Barnir E, Nisgav Y, Tarasenko N, Weinberger D, Rephaeli A, Livnat T. The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AN7, Attenuates Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030714. [PMID: 30736437 PMCID: PMC6387404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a complication of age-related macular degeneration and a major contributing factor to vision loss. In this paper, we show that in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, systemic administration of Butyroyloxymethyl-diethyl phosphate (AN7), a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), significantly reduced CNV area and vascular leakage, as measured by choroidal flatmounts and fluorescein angiography. CNV area reduction by systemic AN7 treatment was similar to that achieved by intravitreal bevacizumab treatment. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and the endothelial cells marker CD31, was lower in the AN7 treated group in comparison to the control group at the laser lesion site. In vitro, AN7 facilitated retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells tight junctions' integrity during hypoxia, by protecting the hexagonal pattern of ZO-1 protein in the cell borders, hence reducing RPE permeability. In conclusion, systemic AN7 should be further investigated as a possible effective treatment for CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Dahbash
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Ruti Sella
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | | | - Yael Nisgav
- Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Nataly Tarasenko
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Dov Weinberger
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Ada Rephaeli
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
| | - Tami Livnat
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
- Laboratory of Eye Research, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva 49100, Israel.
- National Hemophilia Center, Institute of Thrombosis, and the Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel.
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Iizuka N, Morita A, Kawano C, Mori A, Sakamoto K, Kuroyama M, Ishii K, Nakahara T. Anti-angiogenic effects of valproic acid in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:203-208. [PMID: 30409713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological retinal angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of several ocular diseases. Valproic acid, a widely used antiepileptic drug, exerts anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC). Herein, we investigated the effects of valproic acid and vorinostat, a HDAC inhibitor, on pathological retinal angiogenesis in mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). OIR was induced in neonatal mice by exposure to 80% oxygen from postnatal day (P) 7 to P10 and to atmospheric oxygen from P10 to P15. Mice were subcutaneously injected with valproic acid, vorinostat, or vehicle once a day from P10 to P14. At P15, retinal neovascular tufts and vascular growth in the central avascular zone were observed in mice with OIR. Additionally, immunoreactivity for phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), an indicator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, was detected in the neovascular tufts. Both valproic acid and vorinostat reduced the formation of retinal neovascular tuft without affecting vascular growth in the central avascular zone. Valproic acid reduced the pS6 immunoreactivity in neovascular tufts. Given that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activates mTOR-dependent pathways in proliferating endothelial cells of the neonatal mouse retina, these results suggest that valproic acid suppresses pathological retinal angiogenesis by interrupting VEGF-mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Iizuka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan; Pharmacy Practice and Science II (Kitasato University East Hospital), Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akane Morita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kawano
- Pharmacy Practice and Science II (Kitasato University East Hospital), Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kuroyama
- Pharmacy Practice and Science II (Kitasato University East Hospital), Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Kunio Ishii
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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Claros-Chacaltana FDY, Aldrovani M, Kobashigawa KK, Padua IRM, Valdetaro GP, de Barros Sobrinho AAF, Abreu TGM, Laus JL. Effect of metronidazole ophthalmic solution on corneal neovascularization in a rat model. Int Ophthalmol 2018; 39:1123-1135. [PMID: 29700650 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-018-0922-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of metronidazole ophthalmic solutions on corneal neovascularization (CNV) in a rat model. METHODS A chemical burn was created in the right central cornea of 40 rats. Animals were randomized and distributed into four study groups (n = 10 rats per group) designated Met_0.1%, Met_0.5%, sham, and untreated groups. Chemical-burned corneas in the Met_0.1% and Met_0.5% groups received ophthalmic solutions of 0.1 and 0.5% metronidazole, respectively. Corneas in the sham group received phosphate-buffered saline (metronidazole diluent). All treated eyes received ophthalmic solution at intervals of 6 h, for up to 30 days. Untreated corneas received no treatment. CNV was evaluated postinjury using corneal photographs at different evaluation time points. The main CNV outcome measures were: burn intensity, index of CNV, and percentage of vascularized corneal area. Five rats from each group were euthanized, on days 15 and 30; the samples were collected for histological analyses. Differences with P < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS CNV was observed in the eyes from day 7 postinjury. However, the indices of CNV for the Met_0.1% and Met_0.5% groups were smaller than those for the sham and untreated groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, corneas treated with 0.1 or 0.5% metronidazole had smaller vascularized areas compared to control corneas. On histological study, the presence of blood vessels confirmed clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Regular instillation of 0.1 or 0.5% metronidazole had a significant inhibitory effect for CNV on chemical burns induced in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Diana Yokoay Claros-Chacaltana
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Kamachi Kobashigawa
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ivan Ricardo Martinez Padua
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele Pereira Valdetaro
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Augusto Franchi de Barros Sobrinho
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Guimarães Morato Abreu
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Laus
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
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Epigenetic modifications in hyperhomocysteinemia: potential role in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12562-12590. [PMID: 29560091 PMCID: PMC5849155 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To study Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-induced epigenetic modifications as potential mechanisms of blood retinal barrier (BRB) dysfunction, retinas isolated from three- week-old mice with elevated level of Homocysteine (Hcy) due to lack of the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (cbs-/- , cbs+/- and cbs+/+ ), human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), and human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) treated with or without Hcy were evaluated for (1) histone deacetylases (HDAC), (2) DNA methylation (DNMT), and (3) miRNA analysis. Differentially expressed miRNAs in mice with HHcy were further compared with miRNA analysis of diabetic mice retinas (STZ) and miRNAs within the exosomes released from Hcy-treated RPEs. Differentially expressed miRNAs were further evaluated for predicted target genes and associated pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. HHcy significantly increased HDAC and DNMT activity in HRECs, ARPE-19, and cbs mice retinas, whereas inhibition of HDAC and DNMT decreased Hcy-induced BRB dysfunction. MiRNA profiling detected 127 miRNAs in cbs+/- and 39 miRNAs in cbs-/- mice retinas, which were significantly differentially expressed compared to cbs+/+ . MiRNA pathway analysis showed their involvement in HDAC and DNMT activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and oxidative stresses, inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis pathways. Hcy-induced epigenetic modifications may be involved in retinopathies associated with HHcy, such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Claros-Chacaltana FDY, Kobashigawa KK, Padua IRM, Valdetaro GP, Aldrovani M, Laus JL. Corneal angiogenesis based on different protocols of alkaline cauterization in murine models. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:607-616. [PMID: 28902936 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170080000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To establish and compare protocols of alkaline cauterization for inducing corneal angiogenesis in murine models. Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (G1, G2, G3, and G4). The right eye cornea from each rat was cauterized using filter paper (3 mm), soaked in a solution of silver and potassium nitrates (3:1). Cauterization times were 10 (G1 and G4), or 20 seconds (G2 and G3). Cauterized corneas were washed with Ringer's lactate solution. The filter paper was either removed before washing (G1 and G2), or kept on the corneas (G3 and G4). Corneas were photographed at multiple time points (2, 4, 6, 8, 11, 13, and 15 days after the procedure), and neovascularization parameters were assayed. Results: Neovascularization was observed in 66% of G1 corneas, and 100% of G2, G3, and G4 corneas. On day 15, G1 corneas showed smaller vascularized areas (12.63 ± 12.59%) compared to those in the G3 (41.95 ± 17.32%) and G4 (33 ± 11.74%) (P < 0.05) groups. Conclusions: The silver and potassium nitrate solution effectively induced corneal angiogenesis. The G2, G3, and G4 protocols showed excellent reproducibility, and induced vascularization in 100% of corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Diana Yokoay Claros-Chacaltana
- MSc, Fellow PhD degree, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade Esatdual de São Paulo, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing
| | - Karina Kamachi Kobashigawa
- MS, Fellow PhD degree, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; critical revision
| | - Ivan Ricardo Martinez Padua
- PhD, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - Gisele Pereira Valdetaro
- MS, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, critical revision
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- PhD, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision, final approval
| | - José Luiz Laus
- PhD, Associate Professor, Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, FCAV-UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil. Critical revision, final approval
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