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Bauzà ML, Esteva M, Molina J, Pereiró I, Ingla M, March S. Emergency contraception and risk habits in a university population. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2018; 23:427-433. [PMID: 30499726 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2018.1533547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine the self-reported prevalence of use of emergency contraception (EC), identify factors associated with EC use, and measure the prevalence in university students of pregnancy and abortion among users and non-users of EC. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study of university students using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in 2016. The main dependent variable was EC use at any time. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors and factors related to harmful habits and sexual behaviour. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 1309 students (median age 20 years). Forty per cent of participants reported using EC; condom failure was given as the main reason. Variables associated with EC use in both men and women were illegal drug consumption and having had more than 10 sexual partners. In women, other factors associated with EC use were age at first coitus and non-centrist political views. The prevalence of pregnancy was 6.5% and the prevalence of voluntary abortion was 2.9%. This prevalence was similar for men and women and for EC users and non-users. CONCLUSION EC use in university students was more likely in those who experienced contraceptive failure or used no contraception. There were differences between men and women. Those at higher risk of unplanned pregnancy were more likely to report EC use, which may explain why there was no difference in the rates of unwanted pregnancies between EC users and non-users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bauzà
- a Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma , Spain.,b Research Group of Balearic Islands - Cancer Preventive Activities , University Institute of Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS) , Palma , Spain
| | - M Esteva
- c Unit for Research , Primary Health Care Management , Palma , Spain.,d Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (iDisBA) , Palma , Spain
| | - J Molina
- a Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy , University of the Balearic Islands , Palma , Spain
| | - I Pereiró
- e Puerto de Sagunto II Health Centre , Primary Health Care Management , Valencia , Spain
| | - M Ingla
- f Health Promotion Agency , Palma , Spain
| | - S March
- c Unit for Research , Primary Health Care Management , Palma , Spain.,d Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (iDisBA) , Palma , Spain
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Bauzà ML, Esteva M, Molina J, Pereiró I, Ingla M, March S. Emergency contraception and risk habits in a university population. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2018. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13625187.2018.1533547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Bauzà
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
- Research Group of Balearic Islands – Cancer Preventive Activities, University Institute of Research in Health Sciences (IUNICS), Palma, Spain
| | - M. Esteva
- Unit for Research, Primary Health Care Management, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (iDisBA), Palma, Spain
| | - J. Molina
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - I. Pereiró
- Puerto de Sagunto II Health Centre, Primary Health Care Management, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Ingla
- Health Promotion Agency, Palma, Spain
| | - S. March
- Unit for Research, Primary Health Care Management, Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (iDisBA), Palma, Spain
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Friedman EE, Dean HD, Duffus WA. Incorporation of Social Determinants of Health in the Peer-Reviewed Literature: A Systematic Review of Articles Authored by the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention. Public Health Rep 2018; 133:392-412. [PMID: 29874147 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918774788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Social determinants of health (SDHs) are the complex, structural, and societal factors that are responsible for most health inequities. Since 2003, the National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP) has researched how SDHs place communities at risk for communicable diseases and poor adolescent health. We described the frequency and types of SDHs discussed in articles authored by NCHHSTP. METHODS We used the MEDLINE/PubMed search engine to systematically review the frequency and type of SDHs that appeared in peer-reviewed publications available in PubMed from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2014, with a NCHHSTP affiliation. We chose search terms to identify articles with a focus on the following SDH categories: income and employment, housing and homelessness, education and schooling, stigma or discrimination, social or community context, health and health care, and neighborhood or built environment. We classified articles based on the depth of topic coverage as "substantial" (ie, one of ≤3 foci of the article) or "minimal" (ie, one of ≥4 foci of the article). RESULTS Of 862 articles authored by NCHHSTP, 366 (42%) addressed the SDH factors of interest. Some articles addressed >1 SDH factor (366 articles appeared 568 times across the 7 categories examined), and we examined them for each category that they addressed. Most articles that addressed SDHs (449/568 articles; 79%) had a minimal SDH focus. SDH categories that were most represented in the literature were health and health care (190/568 articles; 33%) and education and schooling (118/568 articles; 21%). CONCLUSIONS This assessment serves as a baseline measurement of inclusion of SDH topics from NCHHSTP authors in the literature and creates a methodology that can be used in future assessments of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E Friedman
- 1 Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health/CDC Public Health Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA, USA.,2 Office of Health Equity, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,3 Chicago Center for HIV Elimination and University of Chicago Department of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hazel D Dean
- 4 Office of the Director, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wayne A Duffus
- 2 Office of Health Equity, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hickey MT, Shedlin MG. Emergency contraceptive pill users' risk perceptions for sexually transmitted infections and future unintended pregnancy. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2017. [PMID: 28639423 DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The availability of emergency contraception pills (ECP) over the counter (OTC) has the potential to reduce the incidence of unintended pregnancy; however, the increased risk for sexually transmitted infection (STI) acquisition, related to unprotected intercourse, has not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into risk perceptions for STIs and subsequent unintended pregnancy in women who have purchased ECP OTC. METHODS Twenty-one women, aged 18-24, attending a private university in an urban setting, who purchased and used ECP OTC participated in 1-h, individual interviews. CONCLUSIONS Narrative, descriptive findings indicated that these women did not consider themselves at risk for STI or unintended pregnancy, despite having used ECP OTC. Pregnancy prevention was paramount for these women, which overshadowed concerns regarding STIs. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Women at risk for unintended consequences of sexual activity are not fully cognizant of those potential outcomes and do not take measures to prevent their occurrence. The availability of ECP OTC offers protection against unintended pregnancy; however, opportunities for health promotion and prevention counseling may be lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Hickey
- School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
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Brandão ER, Cabral CDS, Ventura M, Paiva SP, Bastos LL, Oliveira NVBVD, Szabo I. "Bomba hormonal": os riscos da contracepção de emergência na perspectiva dos balconistas de farmácias no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2016; 32:e00136615. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00136615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo: A pesquisa objetivou conhecer a perspectiva dos balconistas de farmácias sobre a contracepção de emergência na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. O material empírico advém de pesquisa socioantropológica com vinte entrevistas semiestruturadas com balconistas dos sexos feminino (8) e masculino (12). Os entrevistados apresentam concepções negativas sobre a contracepção de emergência, enfatizando os riscos que ela pode provocar à saúde. O medicamento é considerado uma "bomba hormonal" que pode causar danos aos órgãos reprodutivos femininos e outros sistemas do corpo. Eles destacam os riscos do uso "descontrolado" ou "indiscriminado", especialmente por adolescentes e mulheres jovens. Por ser considerado "perigoso" aos corpos femininos, eles atribuem a responsabilidade de orientação e aconselhamento sobre o uso do método aos médicos ginecologistas e não aos farmacêuticos. Discute-se a necessidade de ampliação do debate público sobre contracepção de emergência no Brasil, incluindo-se os farmacêuticos e balconistas de farmácia, além dos profissionais de saúde e educadores.
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Habel MA, Scheinmann R, Verdesoto E, Gaydos C, Bertisch M, Chiasson MA. Exploring pharmacy and home-based sexually transmissible infection testing. Sex Health 2015; 12:472-9. [PMID: 26409484 PMCID: PMC4809773 DOI: 10.1071/sh15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of pharmacy and home-based sexually transmissible infection (STI) screening as alternate testing venues among emergency contraception (EC) users. METHODS The study included two phases in February 2011-July 2012. In Phase I, customers purchasing EC from eight pharmacies in Manhattan received vouchers for free STI testing at onsite medical clinics. In Phase II, three Facebook ads targeted EC users to connect them with free home-based STI test kits ordered online. Participants completed a self-administered survey. RESULTS Only 38 participants enrolled in Phase I: 90% female, ≤29 years (74%), 45% White non-Hispanic and 75% college graduates; 71% were not tested for STIs in the past year and 68% reported a new partner in the past 3 months. None tested positive for STIs. In Phase II, ads led to >45000 click-throughs, 382 completed the survey and 290 requested kits; 28% were returned. Phase II participants were younger and less educated than Phase I participants; six tested positive for STIs. Challenges included recruitment, pharmacy staff participation, advertising with discretion and cost. CONCLUSIONS This study found low uptake of pharmacy and home-based testing among EC users; however, STI testing in these settings is feasible and the acceptability findings indicate an appeal among younger women for testing in non-traditional settings. Collaborating with and training pharmacy and medical staff are key elements of service provision. Future research should explore how different permutations of expanding screening in non-traditional settings could improve testing uptake and detect additional STI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Habel
- Centers For Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Charlotte Gaydos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 Wolfe Street, 530 Rangos Building, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maggie Bertisch
- New York Walk-In Medical Group, 1627 Broadway, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Ann Chiasson
- Public Health Solutions, 40 Worth Street, 5th Floor, New York, NY, USA
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Gudka S, Misaghian J, Clifford RM. Future Pharmacy-Based Chlamydia Screening: Consumer Preference. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2013.tb00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhonda M Clifford
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia
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