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Neumann A, Obadan-Udoh E, Bangar S, Kumar SV, Tokede O, Kim A, Yansane A, Mertz E, Panwar S, Gharpure A, Kookal KK, Mullins J, Even JB, Simmons K, White JM, Walji MF, Kalenderian E. Number of Pregnant Women at Four Dental Clinics and the Care They Received: A Dental Quality eMeasure Evaluation. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:1158-1165. [PMID: 31235503 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Process-of-care quality measure research can be used to identify gaps in the delivery of dental services to pregnant patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of dental services that pregnant patients received in four dental clinics over five years as documented in the electronic health record (EHR). To accomplish this objective, the authors modified and validated a previously published claims-based dental quality measure for EHR use. After the electronic dental quality measure specifications were defined, the number of pregnant patients was calculated at three academic dental institutions and one large accountable care organization, and the types of dental care services they received over a five-year period (2013-17) were determined. Calibrated reviewers at each institution independently reviewed a sub-sample of patient charts to validate the information obtained from EHR queries, and the concordance between manual chart reviews and EHR query reports was analyzed. Of the 335,078 women aged 15-44 years who received care at the four clinics for the five reporting years, 3.9% (n=13,026) were pregnant. Among these pregnant patients, 48.9% (n=6,366) received a periodic dental examination; 30.0% (n=3,909) received a comprehensive dental exam; and 21.5% (n=2,799) received additional dental services, irrespective of comprehensive or periodic oral evaluations. Overall, the mean proportion of pregnant patients seeking care in these academic dental and group practice clinics was low, but 78.9% of them received either a periodic or comprehensive oral evaluation. Given the importance of oral health care during pregnancy, these findings suggest a need for curriculum development to incorporate prenatal oral health education in the training of dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Neumann
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Enihomo Obadan-Udoh
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Suhasini Bangar
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Shwetha V Kumar
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Oluwabunmi Tokede
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Aram Kim
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alfa Yansane
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elizabeth Mertz
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sapna Panwar
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Arti Gharpure
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Krisha Kumar Kookal
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joanna Mullins
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joshua B Even
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristen Simmons
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Joel M White
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Muhammad F Walji
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elsbeth Kalenderian
- Ana Neumann and Enihomo Obadan-Udoh contributed equally to this article. Ana Neumann is Associate Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Enihomo Obadan-Udoh is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Suhasini Bangar is Research Associate, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Shwetha V. Kumar is Graduate Research Assistant, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Oluwabunmi Tokede is Assistant Professor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Aram Kim is Instructor, Harvard School of Dental Medicine; Alfa Yansane is Assistant Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Elizabeth Mertz is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Sapna Panwar is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Arti Gharpure is Research Assistant, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Krisha Kumar Kookal is Clinical Informatics Research Data Warehouse Lead Systems Analyst, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; Joanna Mullins is Manager of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joshua B. Even is Director of Clinical Strategy and Support, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Kristen Simmons is Chief Operating Officer, Skourtes Institute, Hillsboro, OR; Joel M. White is Professor, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco; Muhammad F. Walji is Associate Dean and Professor, The University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston; and Elsbeth Kalenderian is Professor and Department Chair, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco.
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