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Igarashi T, Fukasawa M, Watanabe T, Kimura N, Itoh A, Tanaka H, Shibuya K, Yoshioka I, Hirabayashi K, Fujii T. Evaluating staging laparoscopy indications for pancreatic cancer based on resectability classification and treatment strategies for patients with positive peritoneal washing cytology. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2024; 8:124-132. [PMID: 38250680 PMCID: PMC10797817 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in patients with positive peritoneal washing cytology (CY1) is poor. We aimed to evaluate the results of staging laparoscopy (SL) and treatment efficacy in CY1 patients based on a resectability classification. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 250 patients with PDAC who underwent SL before the initial treatment between 2017 and 2023 at the University of Toyama. Results The breakdown of cases by resectability classification was resectable (R):borderline resectable (BR):unresectable locally advanced (UR-LA) = 131:48:71 cases. The frequency of CY1 increased in proportion to the degree of local progression (R:BR:UR-LA = 20:23:34%), but the frequencies of liver metastasis or peritoneal dissemination were comparable (R:BR:UR-LA = 6.9:6.3:8.5%). Most CY1 patients received gemcitabine along with nab-paclitaxel therapy. The CY-negative conversion rates (R:BR:UR-LA = 70:64:52%) and conversion surgery rates (R:BR:UR-LA = 40:27:9%) were inversely proportional to the degree of local progression.Comparing H0P0CY1 factors for each classification, patients with H0P0CY1 had significantly more pancreatic body or tail carcinoma and tumor size ≥32 mm in R patients, whereas in BR patients, duke pancreatic monoclonal antigen type 2 (DUPAN-2) ≥ 230 U/mL was a significant factor. In contrast, no significant factors were observed in UR-LA patients. Conclusion The CY1 rates, CY-negative conversion rates, and conversion surgery rates varied according to local progression. In the case of R and BR, SL could be considered in patients with pancreatic body or tail carcinoma, large tumor size, or high DUPAN-2 level. In UR-LA, SL might be considered for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Mina Fukasawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Toru Watanabe
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Nana Kimura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Ayaka Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Haruyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kazuto Shibuya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Isaku Yoshioka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kenichi Hirabayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of MedicineAcademic Assembly, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
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Lee SE, Han SS, Kang CM, Kwon W, Paik KY, Song KB, Yang JD, Chung JC, Jeong CY, Kim SW. Korean Surgical Practice Guideline for Pancreatic Cancer 2021: A summary of evidence-based surgical approaches. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2022; 26:1-16. [PMID: 35220285 PMCID: PMC8901981 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.22-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in Korea. Despite the increasing incidence and high mortality rate of pancreatic cancer, there are no appropriate surgical practice guidelines for the current domestic medical situation. To enable standardization of management and facilitate improvements in surgical outcome, a total of 10 pancreatic surgical experts who are members of Korean Association of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery have developed new recommendations that integrate the most up-to-date, evidence-based research findings and expert opinions. This is an English version of the Korean Surgical Practice Guideline for Pancreatic Cancer 2021. This guideline includes 13 surgical questions and 15 statements. Due to the lack of high-level evidence, strong recommendation is almost impossible. However, we believe that this guideline will help surgeons understand the current status of evidence and suggest what to investigate further to establish more solid recommendations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Sik Han
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Paik
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Byung Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jun Chul Chung
- Department of Surgery, Soon Chun Hyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Chi-Young Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Role of targeted immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) treatment: An overview. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107508. [PMID: 33725635 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest solid tumors with a high mortality rate and poor survival rate. Depending on the tumor stage, PDAC is either treated by resection surgery, chemotherapies, or radiotherapies. Various chemotherapeutic agents have been used to treat PDAC, alone or in combination. Despite the combinations, chemotherapy exhibits many side-effects leading to an increase in the toxicity profile amongst the PDAC patients. Additionally, these standard chemotherapeutic agents have only a modest impact on patient survival due to their limited efficacy. PDAC was previously considered as an immunologically silent malignancy, but recent findings have demonstrated that effective immune-mediated tumor cell death can be used for its treatment. PDAC is characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment accompanied by the major expression of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and M2 tumor-associated macrophages. In contrast, the expression of CD8+ T cells is significantly low. Additionally, infiltration of mast cells in PDAC correlates with the poor prognosis. Immunotherapeutic agents target the immunity mediators and empower them to suppress the tumor and effectively treat PDAC. Different targets are studied and exploited to induce an antitumor immune response in PDAC patients. In recent times, site-specific delivery of immunotherapeutics also gained attention among researchers to effectively treat PDAC. In the present review, existing immunotherapies for PDAC treatment along with their limitations are addressed in detail. The review also includes the pathophysiology, traditional strategies and significance of targeted immunotherapies to combat PDAC effectively. Separately, the identification of ideal targets for the targeted therapy of PDAC is also reviewed exhaustively. Additionally, the review also addresses the applications of targeted immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell therapy etc.
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Kulkarni NM, Soloff EV, Tolat PP, Sangster GP, Fleming JB, Brook OR, Wang ZJ, Hecht EM, Zins M, Bhosale PR, Arif-Tiwari H, Mannelli L, Kambadakone AR, Tamm EP. White paper on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from society of abdominal radiology's disease-focused panel for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Part I, AJCC staging system, NCCN guidelines, and borderline resectable disease. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:716-728. [PMID: 31748823 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a poor 5-year survival rate. Accurate staging of PDAC is an important initial step in the development of a stage-specific treatment plan. Different staging systems/consensus statements convened by different societies and academic practices are currently used. The most recent version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor/node/metastases (TNM) staging system for PDAC has shifted its focus from guiding management to assessing prognosis. In order to preoperatively define the resectability of PDAC and to guide management, additional classification systems have been developed. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, one of the most commonly used systems, provide recommendations on the management and the determination of resectability for PDAC. The NCCN divides PDAC into three categories of resectability based on tumor-vessel relationship: 'resectable,' 'borderline resectable,' and 'unresectable'. Among these, the borderline disease category is of special interest given its evolution over time and the resulting variations in the definition and the associated recommendations for management between different societies. It is important to be familiar with the evolving criteria, and treatment and follow-up recommendations for PDAC. In this article, the most current AJCC staging (8th edition), NCCN guidelines (version 2.2019-April 9, 2019), and challenges and controversies in borderline resectable PDAC are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen M Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Erik V Soloff
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Parag P Tolat
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Guillermo P Sangster
- Department of Radiology, LSU Health - Shreveport Ochsner-LSU Health - Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Olga R Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Shapiro 4, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH1-317, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marc Zins
- Department of Radiology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 185 Rue Raymond Losserand, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Abdominal Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX, 77030-400, USA
| | - Hina Arif-Tiwari
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., P.O. Box 245067, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Avinash R Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Eric P Tamm
- Abdominal Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 1473, Houston, TX, 77030-400, USA
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Kim HS, Han Y, Kang JS, Kim H, Kim JR, Kwon W, Kim SW, Jang JY. Comparison of surgical outcomes between open and robot-assisted minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 25:142-149. [PMID: 29117639 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robot surgery is a new method that maintains advantages and overcomes disadvantages of conventional methods, even in pancreatic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate safety and benefits of robot-assisted minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (robot PD). METHODS This study included 237 patients who underwent PD between 2015 and 2017. Demographics and surgical outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS Fifty-one patients underwent robot PD and 186 underwent open PD. Robot PD group had younger age (60.7 vs. 65.4 years, P = 0.006) and lower body mass index (22.7 vs. 24.0, P = 0.007). Robot PD group had lower proportion of patients with firm or hard pancreatic texture (15.7% vs. 38.2%, P = 0.004) and smaller pancreatic duct size (2.3 vs. 3.3 mm, P = 0.002). Two groups had similar operation time (robot vs. open: 335.6 vs. 330.1 min) and complications (15.7% vs. 21.0%), including postoperative pancreatic fistula rate (6.0% vs. 12.0%). Robot PD group had lower postoperative pain score (3.7 vs. 4.1 points, P = 0.008), and shorter postoperative stay (10.6 vs. 15.3 days, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Robot PD is comparable to open PD in early outcomes. Robot PD is safe and feasible and enables early recovery; indication for robot PD is expected to expand in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Seok Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Department of Surgery, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Jae Ri Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongro-Gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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de W Marsh R, Talamonti MS, Baker MS, Posner M, Roggin K, Matthews J, Catenacci D, Kozloff M, Polite B, Britto M, Wang C, Kindler H. Primary systemic therapy in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using mFOLFIRINOX: A pilot study. J Surg Oncol 2017; 117:354-362. [PMID: 29044544 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surgery followed by gemcitabine and/or a fluoropyrimidine is standard therapy for resectable PDAC. mFOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 , irinotecan 180 mg/m2 , leucovorin 400 mg/m2 Day 1, 5-FU 2400 mg/m2 × 48 h IV, peg-filgrastim 6 mg SQ day 3, every 14 days) has substantial activity in metastatic PDAC. We wished to determine the tolerability/efficacy of peri-operative mFOLFIRINOX in resectable PDAC. METHODS Patients with resectable PDAC (ECOG PS 0/1) received four cycles of mFOLFIRINOX pre- and post-surgery. The primary endpoint was completion of preoperative chemotherapy plus resection. Secondary endpoints included completion of all therapy, R0 resection, treatment related toxicity, PFS, and OS. RESULTS Twenty-one patients enrolled: median age 62 (47-78); 20/21 (95%) completed four cycles of preoperative mFOLFIRINOX; response by RECIST was 1 CR, 3 PR, 16 SD; 17/21 (81%) completed resection, 16/21 (76%) R0; 14/21 (66%) completed four cycles of postoperative mFOLFIRINOX. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity occurred in 23% and 14% patients pre-operatively, 26% and 6.0% post-operatively. Nine patients are alive with median follow-up of 27.7 (3.1-47.1) months. CONCLUSIONS PST using mFOLFIRINOX in resectable PDAC is feasible and tolerable. R0 resection rate is high and survival promising, requiring longer follow-up and larger studies for definitive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert de W Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Kellogg Cancer Center, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Mark S Talamonti
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Marshall S Baker
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Mitchell Posner
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Roggin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey Matthews
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Catenacci
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Kozloff
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Blase Polite
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michele Britto
- Department of Medicine, Kellogg Cancer Center, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Hedy Kindler
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Adamska A, Domenichini A, Falasca M. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Evolving Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1338. [PMID: 28640192 PMCID: PMC5535831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers, is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Due to the broad heterogeneity of genetic mutations and dense stromal environment, PDAC belongs to one of the most chemoresistant cancers. Most of the available treatments are palliative, with the objective of relieving disease-related symptoms and prolonging survival. Currently, available therapeutic options are surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and use of targeted drugs. However, thus far, therapies targeting cancer-associated molecular pathways have not given satisfactory results; this is due in part to the rapid upregulation of compensatory alternative pathways as well as dense desmoplastic reaction. In this review, we summarize currently available therapies and clinical trials, directed towards a plethora of pathways and components dysregulated during PDAC carcinogenesis. Emerging trends towards targeted therapies as the most promising approach will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Adamska
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Alice Domenichini
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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Sundbom M, Hedberg J. Use of Laparoscopy in Gastrointestinal Surgery in Sweden 1998–2014: A Nationwide Study. Scand J Surg 2016; 106:34-39. [DOI: 10.1177/1457496916630645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims: One by one, minimally invasive alternatives to established gastrointestinal procedures have become clinical routine. We have studied the use of laparoscopy in four common procedures—cholecystectomy, appendectomy, reflux surgery, and bariatric surgery—as well as in major resectional gastrointestinal surgery in Sweden. Materials and Methods: The National Patient Registry was used to identify all in-hospital procedures performed in patients above the age of 15 during 1998–2014, meeting our inclusion criteria. For each group, the annual number of procedures and proportion of laparoscopic surgery were studied, as well as applicable subgroups. Differences in age, gender, as well as geographical differences were evaluated in the most recent 3-year period (2012–2014). Results: In total, 537,817 procedures were studied, 43% by laparoscopic approach. In 2012–2014, the proportion of laparoscopic surgery ranged from high rates in the four common procedures (cholecystectomy 81%, appendectomy 47%, reflux surgery 72%, and bariatric surgery 97%) to rather low numbers in resectional surgery (4%–10%), however, increasing in the last years. In appendectomy and cholecystectomy, men were less likely to have laparoscopic surgery (42% versus 51% and 74% versus 85%, respectively, p < 0.001). Substantial geographical differences in the use of laparoscopy were also noted, for example, the proportion of laparoscopic appendectomy varied from 11% to 76% among the 21 different Swedish counties. Conclusion: The proportion of laparoscopy was high in the four common procedures and low, but rising, in major resectional surgery. A large variation in the proportion of laparoscopic surgery by age, gender, and place of residence was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sundbom
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Hedberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Allen VB, Gurusamy KS, Takwoingi Y, Kalia A, Davidson BR. Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 7:CD009323. [PMID: 27383694 PMCID: PMC6458011 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009323.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. A considerable proportion of patients undergo unnecessary laparotomy because of underestimation of the extent of the cancer on computed tomography (CT) scanning. Laparoscopy can detect metastases not visualised on CT scanning, enabling better assessment of the spread of cancer (staging of cancer). This is an update to a previous Cochrane Review published in 2013 evaluating the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in assessing the resectability with curative intent in people with pancreatic and periampullary cancer. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy performed as an add-on test to CT scanning in the assessment of curative resectability in pancreatic and periampullary cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via OvidSP (from inception to 15 May 2016), and Science Citation Index Expanded (from 1980 to 15 May 2016). SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy studies of diagnostic laparoscopy in people with potentially resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer on CT scan, where confirmation of liver or peritoneal involvement was by histopathological examination of suspicious (liver or peritoneal) lesions obtained at diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy. We accepted any criteria of resectability used in the studies. We included studies irrespective of language, publication status, or study design (prospective or retrospective). We excluded case-control studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool. The specificity of diagnostic laparoscopy in all studies was 1 because there were no false positives since laparoscopy and the reference standard are one and the same if histological examination after diagnostic laparoscopy is positive. The sensitivities were therefore meta-analysed using a univariate random-effects logistic regression model. The probability of unresectability in people who had a negative laparoscopy (post-test probability for people with a negative test result) was calculated using the median probability of unresectability (pre-test probability) from the included studies, and the negative likelihood ratio derived from the model (specificity of 1 assumed). The difference between the pre-test and post-test probabilities gave the overall added value of diagnostic laparoscopy compared to the standard practice of CT scan staging alone. MAIN RESULTS We included 16 studies with a total of 1146 participants in the meta-analysis. Only one study including 52 participants had a low risk of bias and low applicability concern in the patient selection domain. The median pre-test probability of unresectable disease after CT scanning across studies was 41.4% (that is 41 out of 100 participants who had resectable cancer after CT scan were found to have unresectable disease on laparotomy). The summary sensitivity of diagnostic laparoscopy was 64.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 50.1% to 76.6%). Assuming a pre-test probability of 41.4%, the post-test probability of unresectable disease for participants with a negative test result was 0.20 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.27). This indicates that if a person is said to have resectable disease after diagnostic laparoscopy and CT scan, there is a 20% probability that their cancer will be unresectable compared to a 41% probability for those receiving CT alone.A subgroup analysis of people with pancreatic cancer gave a summary sensitivity of 67.9% (95% CI 41.1% to 86.5%). The post-test probability of unresectable disease after being considered resectable on both CT and diagnostic laparoscopy was 18% compared to 40.0% for those receiving CT alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic laparoscopy may decrease the rate of unnecessary laparotomy in people with pancreatic and periampullary cancer found to have resectable disease on CT scan. On average, using diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy and histopathological confirmation of suspicious lesions prior to laparotomy would avoid 21 unnecessary laparotomies in 100 people in whom resection of cancer with curative intent is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria B Allen
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS TrustOxford University Clinical Academic Graduate SchoolJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUKOX3 9DU
| | - Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW3 2PF
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbastonBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | | | - Brian R Davidson
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW3 2PF
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Kelly KJ, Wong J, Gönen M, Allen P, Brennan M, Coit D, Fong Y. Human Trial of a Genetically Modified Herpes Simplex Virus for Rapid Detection of Positive Peritoneal Cytology in the Staging of Pancreatic Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:94-9. [PMID: 27322463 PMCID: PMC4909379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with peritoneal dissemination of pancreatic adenocarcinoma do not benefit from surgical resection, but radiologic and cytologic detection of peritoneal cancer lack sensitivity. This trial sought to determine if an oncolytic virus may be used as a diagnostic agent to detect peritoneal cancer. Methods Peritoneal washings from patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were incubated with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) NV1066. eGFP-positive or negative status was recorded for each specimen and compared to results obtained by conventional cytologic evaluation. These results were correlated with recurrence and survival for patients who underwent R0 resection. Results Of 82 patients entered in this trial, 12 (15%) had positive cytology and 50 (61%) had virally-mediated eGFP positive cells in peritoneal washings. All cytology-positive patients were also eGFP positive. HSV-mediated fluorescence detection had sensitivities of 94% and 100% for detection of any and peritoneal metastatic disease; respectively. Median recurrence free and disease specific survival were 6.5 and 18.3 months for eGFP positive patients, versus 12.2 and 36.2 months for eGFP negative patients (P = 0.01 and 0.19); respectively. Conclusions A genetically modified HSV can be used as a highly sensitive diagnostic agent for detection of micro-metastatic disease in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and may improve patient selection for surgery. Oncolytic virus-mediated fluorescence is a sensitive assay for detection of cancer cells in peritoneal fluid. Pancreatic cancer patients with eGFP-positive cells in peritoneal washings had a poor prognosis following surgery.
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive disease. Even with complete surgical removal of a pancreatic tumor, recurrence is common. Patients with microscopic spread of cancer cells into the abdomen, or peritoneum, do not benefit from surgery. Current methods of detection of this kind of spread are not very sensitive. This study utilized a virus that specifically infects cancer cells and expresses a green fluorescent protein within them to detect peritoneal disease. Viral fluorescence was more sensitive than standard methods for detecting peritoneal disease and may help to identify which patients with pancreas cancer will benefit from surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Joyce Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Peter Allen
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Murray Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Daniel Coit
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States.
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Eskander MF, Bliss LA, Tseng JF. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Curr Probl Surg 2016; 53:107-54. [DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Jayakrishnan TT, Nadeem H, Groeschl RT, George B, Thomas JP, Ritch PS, Christians KK, Tsai S, Evans DB, Pappas SG, Gamblin TC, Turaga KK. Diagnostic laparoscopy should be performed before definitive resection for pancreatic cancer: a financial argument. HPB (Oxford) 2015; 17:131-9. [PMID: 25123702 PMCID: PMC4299387 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Laparoscopy is recommended to detect radiographically occult metastases in patients with pancreatic cancer before curative resection. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) is cost-effective in patients undergoing curative resection with or without neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). METHODS Decision tree modelling compared routine DL with exploratory laparotomy (ExLap) at the time of curative resection in resectable cancer treated with surgery first, (SF) and borderline resectable cancer treated with NAT. Costs (US$) from the payer's perspective, quality-adjusted life months (QALMs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Base case estimates and multi-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Willingness to pay (WtP) was US$4166/QALM (or US$50,000/quality-adjusted life year). RESULTS Base case costs were US$34,921 for ExLap and US$33,442 for DL in SF patients, and US$39,633 for ExLap and US$39,713 for DL in NAT patients. Routine DL is the dominant (preferred) strategy in both treatment types: it allows for cost reductions of US$10,695/QALM in SF and US$4158/QALM in NAT patients. CONCLUSIONS The present analysis supports the cost-effectiveness of routine DL before curative resection in pancreatic cancer patients treated with either SF or NAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejus T Jayakrishnan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hasan Nadeem
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ryan T Groeschl
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ben George
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - James P Thomas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paul S Ritch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen K Christians
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan Tsai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sam G Pappas
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical CenterMaywood, IL, USA
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kiran K Turaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
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Yao D, Wu S, Tian Y, Fan Y, Kong J, Li Y. Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy: primary experience and review of the English literature. World J Surg 2014; 38:1196-204. [PMID: 24357245 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-013-2404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) may represent an improvement over conventional laparoscopic surgery, and has been applied in many surgical procedures. However, for pancreatic surgery, experience is rather limited. METHODS The clinical records of 11 cases in which transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (TUSI-LDP) was performed at our institution since June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed, and all the literatures concerning TUSI-LDP were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS All the 11 patients were female. The ages ranged from 20 to 73 years, with an average age of 38.0 years. The average body mass index (BMI) was 22.67 (18.6-26.2). Most TUSI-LDPs were successfully performed, with only one conversion to multi-incision surgery. Splenic preservation was performed in six cases. The mean operation time was 163.18 ± 63.18 minutes (range 95-300), and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 159.09 ± 181.02 ml (range 10-500 ml). The surgical wounds healed well, with good cosmetic wound healing, and the patients were discharged from hospital in a mean of 7.45 ± 1.44 days (range 5-10). Only one patient developed pancreatic leakage, which ceased spontaneously with only a drain for 61 days. The parameters were comparable with those found in the English literature. CONCLUSIONS These recent experiences suggest that SILS in pancreatic surgery is feasible for a select group of patients with relatively small lesions and low BMI, and that, with the gradual accumulation of surgeons' experience with SILS and improvement of laparoscopic instruments, it might become a safe option for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianbo Yao
- Department of Vascular and Bile Duct Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Lopez NE, Prendergast C, Lowy AM. Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: Definitions and management. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10740-10751. [PMID: 25152577 PMCID: PMC4138454 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. While surgical resection remains the only curative option, more than 80% of patients present with unresectable disease. Unfortunately, even among those who undergo resection, the reported median survival is 15-23 mo, with a 5-year survival of approximately 20%. Disappointingly, over the past several decades, despite improvements in diagnostic imaging, surgical technique and chemotherapeutic options, only modest improvements in survival have been realized. Nevertheless, it remains clear that surgical resection is a prerequisite for achieving long-term survival and cure. There is now emerging consensus that a subgroup of patients, previously considered poor candidates for resection because of the relationship of their primary tumor to surrounding vasculature, may benefit from resection, particularly when preceded by neoadjuvant therapy. This stage of disease, termed borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, has become of increasing interest and is now the focus of a multi-institutional clinical trial. Here we outline the history, progress, current treatment recommendations, and future directions for research in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Zhu YP, Ni JJ, Chen RB, Matro E, Xu XW, Li B, Hu HJ, Mou YP. Successful interventional radiological management of postoperative complications of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:8453-8458. [PMID: 24363541 PMCID: PMC3857473 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i45.8453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) has gained increasing acceptance in the surgical community as a viable treatment option for distal pancreatic lesions. However, the possible complication of post-LDP pancreatic leakage remains a challenge, because it may lead to a series of events resulting in intraperitoneal abscess formation, sepsis, pseudoaneurysm formation, and occasional fatal hemorrhage. Dealing with these complications is extremely difficult and not much experience has been reported to date. We report a case involving the aforementioned post-LDP complications successfully managed by interventional radiological techniques while avoiding reoperation. We conclude that these management options are attractive, safe and minimally invasive alternatives to standard protocols.
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Allen VB, Gurusamy KS, Takwoingi Y, Kalia A, Davidson BR. Diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy following computed tomography (CT) scanning for assessing the resectability with curative intent in pancreatic and periampullary cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD009323. [PMID: 24272022 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009323.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancer. A considerable proportion of patients undergo unnecessary laparotomy because of underestimation of the extent of the cancer on computed tomography (CT) scanning. Laparoscopy can detect metastases not visualised on CT scanning, enabling better assessment of the spread of cancer (staging of cancer). There has been no systematic review or meta-analysis assessing the role of diagnostic laparoscopy in assessing the resectability with curative intent in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy performed as an add-on test to CT scanning in the assessment of curative resectability in pancreatic and periampullary cancer. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Register of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via OvidSP (from inception to 13 September 2012), and Science Citation Index Expanded (from 1980 to 13 September 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA We included diagnostic accuracy studies of diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic and periampullary cancer on CT scan, where confirmation of liver or peritoneal involvement was by histopathological examination of suspicious (liver or peritoneal) lesions obtained at diagnostic laparoscopy or laparotomy. We accepted any criteria of resectability used in the studies. We included studies irrespective of language, publication status, or study design (prospective or retrospective). We excluded case-control studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently performed data extraction and quality assessment using the QUADAS-2 tool. The specificity of diagnostic laparoscopy in all studies was 1 because there were no false positives since laparoscopy and the reference standard are one and the same if histological examination after diagnostic laparoscopy is positive. Therefore, the sensitivities were meta-analysed using a univariate random-effects logistic regression model. The probability of unresectability in patients who had a negative laparoscopy (post-test probability for patients with a negative test result) was calculated using the median probability of unresectability (pre-test probability) from the included studies and the negative likelihood ratio derived from the model (specificity of 1 assumed). The difference between the pre-test and post-test probabilities gave the overall added value of diagnostic laparoscopy compared to the standard practice of CT scan staging alone. MAIN RESULTS Fifteen studies with a total of 1015 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Only one study including 52 patients had a low risk of bias and low applicability concern in the patient selection domain. The median pre-test probability of unresectable disease after CT scanning across studies was 40.3% (that is 40 out of 100 patients who had resectable cancer after CT scan were found to have unresectable disease on laparotomy). The summary sensitivity of diagnostic laparoscopy was 68.7% (95% CI 54.3% to 80.2%). Assuming a pre-test probability of 40.3%, the post-test probability of unresectable disease for patients with a negative test result was 0.17 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.24). This indicates that if a patient is said to have resectable disease after diagnostic laparoscopy and CT scan, there is a 17% probability that their cancer will be unresectable compared to a 40% probability for those receiving CT alone.A subgroup analysis of patients with pancreatic cancer gave a summary sensitivity of 67.9% (95% CI 41.1% to 86.5%). The post-test probability of unresectable disease after being considered resectable on both CT and diagnostic laparoscopy was 18% compared to 40% for those receiving CT alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic laparoscopy may decrease the rate of unnecessary laparotomy in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer found to have resectable disease on CT scan. On average, using diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy and histopathological confirmation of suspicious lesions prior to laparotomy would avoid 23 unnecessary laparotomies in 100 patients in whom resection of cancer with curative intent is planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria B Allen
- University College London, Royal Free Campus, Pond Street, London, UK, NW3 2QG
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Outcomes of the patients who were postoperatively diagnosed as malignancy after laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2013; 22:467-70. [PMID: 23047395 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e3182632833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) is a reliable and safe operation for selected patients with benign and low-grade malignant lesions in the body and tail of the pancreas. However, its application for malignant disease has been rarely reported. The aim of this study is to analyze postoperative outcomes of the patients with a diagnosis of benign or borderline malignancy, who were postoperatively diagnosed as malignancy after LDP. METHODS From January 2005 to March 2011, LDP was performed on 88 patients, and 11 were subsequently diagnosed as malignancy in postoperative pathologic reports. A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of these 11 patients was conducted. RESULTS The patients were 4 men and 7 women with a median age of 68 years (range, 29 to 83 y). The postoperative diagnoses were 5 with ductal adenocarcinoma, 3 with invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, 1 with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, 1 with neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 1 with pancreas metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma. The median operation time was 180 minutes (range, 80 to 325 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 200 mL (range, 150 to 500 mL). There were no open conversions. Four (36%) patients experienced complications: intra-abdominal fluid collection (2), spleen infarction (1), and enterocutaneous fistula (1). The median postoperative hospital stay was 11 days (range, 6 to 18 d). All the patients were considered to have curative resection (R0), postoperatively. During the median follow-up period of 30 months (range, 3 to 58 mo), 1 patient was found to have liver metastasis, which had been present and misdiagnosed as benign hemangioma on preoperative diagnostic workup. This patient died 1 year after LDP. Another patient was found to have liver metastasis 30 months after LDP. The patient was treated with radiofrequency ablation, and he was still alive 60 months postoperatively. The remaining patients were alive without any recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS The postoperative outcomes of the patients, who were diagnosed postoperatively as having a malignant pancreatic disease, are acceptable.
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The role of diagnostic laparoscopy in detecting minimal peritoneal metastatic deposits in patients with pancreatic cancer scheduled for curative resection. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2012; 22:358-60. [PMID: 22874688 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0b013e318259f172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive disease usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Modern computed tomography can define the subgroup of operable patients. However, minimal peritoneal deposits can be undetected even by modern computed tomography protocols. AIM To diagnose those patients who are not operable because of a peritoneal spread using diagnostic laparoscopy (DL), thus avoiding unnecessary laparotomies. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 52 consecutive patients with PC scheduled for curative pancreatic surgery. RESULTS Out of 52 patients who underwent DL, peritoneal spread was diagnosed in 5 patients and these patients were denied surgery. Laparoscopy did not detect 2 other patients with peritoneal spread. CONCLUSIONS Although the added value of DL in patients with PC is small (around 10% in our series), considering the minimal morbidity and costs attributed to this procedure, we believe that it should be adopted as a routine approach.
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Calvo F, Guillen Ponce C, Muñoz Beltran M, Sanjuanbenito Dehesa A. Multidisciplinary management of locally advanced–borderline resectable adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Clin Transl Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tempero MA, Arnoletti JP, Behrman S, Ben-Josef E, Benson AB, Berlin JD, Cameron JL, Casper ES, Cohen SJ, Duff M, Ellenhorn JDI, Hawkins WG, Hoffman JP, Kuvshinoff BW, Malafa MP, Muscarella P, Nakakura EK, Sasson AR, Thayer SP, Tyler DS, Warren RS, Whiting S, Willett C, Wolff RA. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010; 8:972-1017. [PMID: 20876541 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2010.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Piccolboni D, Ciccone F, Settembre A, Corcione F. Laparoscopic intra-operative ultrasound in liver and pancreas resection: Analysis of 93 cases. J Ultrasound 2010; 13:3-8. [PMID: 23396978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jus.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopic inspection before pancreatic and liver surgery is a widely accepted approach and has changed the surgical strategy in a growing number of patients for the last 10 years. The addition of intra-operative ultrasound to laparoscopy has further refined surgical judgments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of open (IOUS) or laparoscopic (LIOUS) ultrasound in patients undergoing hepatic or pancreatic resection for benign or malignant lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the years 2005-2008, 45 patients (aged 42-75 years) were selected for liver resection, and 48 others (aged 14-72 years) were selected for partial pancreatic resection. Intra-operative ultrasound was performed for surgical staging. An Aloka SSD-5500 scanner (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) was used with a flexible laparoscopic multifrequency linear and an electronic T-shaped linear probe. RESULTS LIOUS prevented useless laparotomies in six patients (13.3%) with liver tumors and, coupled with IOUS, revealed previously undetected tumors that required a change in the surgical strategy in 5 others (11.1%). In patients with pancreatic disease, LIOUS excluded the possibility of radical surgery in 7 patients (14.4%) due to the presence of mesenteric vein infiltration, involvement of the celiac or para-aortic nodes, or the presence of liver or peritoneal micro-metastases. In 11 patients with benign lesions, it defined the lesions' relation to the Wirsung duct and splenic vessels, and in 6 others it provided guidance for aspiration of fluid for chemical and cytologic analysis. CONCLUSIONS LIUOS and IOUS can play fundamental roles in selecting patients for resective surgery and in planning the surgical approach. They provided information that affected surgical strategies in 11 patients with liver disease (24.4%) and 13 with pancreas disease (27%).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Piccolboni
- General and Laparoscopic Surgery Department - Monaldi Hospital - Naples, Italy
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Hariharan D, Constantinides VA, Froeling FEM, Tekkis PP, Kocher HM. The role of laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound in the preoperative staging of pancreatico-biliary cancers--A meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 36:941-8. [PMID: 20547445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staging laparoscopy (SL) may prevent non-therapeutic laparotomy in patients with otherwise resectable pancreatico-biliary cancers, but evidence is inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to ascertain the true benefit of SL. METHODS All studies undertaking SL as a diagnostic sieve were included and data homogenised. Standard meta-analytical tools with emphasis on sensitivity testing and meta-regression to detect the cause for heterogeneity between studies were used. RESULTS 29 studies satisfied the criteria. 3305 patients underwent SL of which 12 were incomplete. Morbidity (n = 15) and mortality (n = 1) was low. True yield of SL for pancreatic/perpancreatic cancers (PPC) was 25% (95% CI 24-27) with a Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) of 104 (95% CI 48-227). Resection rate improved from 61% to 80%. For proximal biliary cancers (PBC), SL increased the curative resection rate from 27% to 50%, with true yield of 47% (95% CI 42-52) and a DOR 61 (95% CI 19-189). Sub-group analysis for detection of liver and peritoneal lesions demonstrated a sensitivity of 88% (95% CI 83-92) and 92% (95% CI 84-96) for PPC; 83% (95% CI 69-92) and 93% (95% CI 81-99) for PBC, respectively. There was no between-study heterogeneity for peritoneal lesions. However for detection of local invasion, sensitivity was low: 58% (95% CI 51-65) for PPC and only 34% (95% CI 22-47) for PBC. Meta-regression did not reveal any cause for the observed heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION SL offers significant benefit to patients with resectable pancreatico-biliary cancers in avoiding non-therapeutic laparotomy and should be adopted in routine clinical practice in a judicious algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hariharan
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Cancer, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Al-Taan OS, Stephenson JA, Briggs C, Pollard C, Metcalfe MS, Dennison AR. Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery: a review of present results and future prospects. HPB (Oxford) 2010; 12:239-43. [PMID: 20590893 PMCID: PMC2873646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic surgery is still associated with a relatively high morbidity and mortality compared with other specialties. This is a result of the complex nature of the organ, the difficult access as a result of the retroperitoneal position and the number of technically challenging anastomoses required. Nevertheless, the past two decades have witnessed a steady improvement in morbidity and a decrease in mortality achieved through alterations of technique (particularly relating to the pancreatic anastomoses) together with hormonal manipulation to decrease pancreatic secretions. Recently minimally invasive pancreatic surgery has been attempted by several centres around the world which has stimulated considerable interest in this approach. The majority of the cases attempted have been distal pancreatectomies, because of the more straightforward nature of the resection and the lack of a pancreatic ductal anastomosis, but more recently reports of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy have started to appear. The reports of the series to date have been difficult to interpret and although the results are claimed to be equivalent or better than those associated with a traditional approach a careful examination of the literature and comparison with the best results previously reported does not presently support this. In the present review we examined all the reports of pancreatic procedures performed laparoscopically and compared the results with those previously achieved at open surgery.
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Contreras CM, Stanelle EJ, Mansour J, Hinshaw JL, Rikkers LF, Rettammel R, Mahvi DM, Cho CS, Weber SM. Staging laparoscopy enhances the detection of occult metastases in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2010; 100:663-9. [PMID: 19780095 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of staging laparoscopy has been highly institutional dependent. We sought to assess the incidence of occult intra-abdominal metastases identified at the time of staging laparoscopy for patients with either potentially resectable or locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (LAPC). We also compared the rate of occult metastases in patients who underwent staging laparoscopy versus laparotomy. METHODS Patients were confirmed to have potentially resectable or LAPC at a multidisciplinary hepatopancreaticobiliary conference. Patients with potentially resectable lesions were initially explored via staging laparoscopy or laparotomy, based on surgeon preference. RESULTS Over a 4-year period, 25 patients with potentially resectable tumors and 33 patients with LAPC were staged with laparoscopy, with an equivalent prevalence of occult metastases found at laparoscopy (28% potentially resectable vs. 33% LAPC, P = 0.8). Fifty-two patients with potentially resectable lesions were explored initially via laparotomy. Occult peritoneal metastases were more likely to be detected in patients with potentially resectable tumors that were explored via laparoscopy than via laparotomy (32% vs. 10%, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Staging laparoscopy is more likely than open exploration to detect occult metastases. Current preoperative imaging inadequately identifies unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma; therefore, all patients with potentially resectable disease should undergo staging laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo M Contreras
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA
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Sahm M, Pross M, Schubert D, Lippert H. Laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection: our own experience in the treatment of solid tumors. Surg Today 2009; 39:1103-8. [PMID: 19997811 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-008-3999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A laparoscopic resection is a new treatment for pancreatic tumors. Articles by surgeons who are writing about their first experience in carrying out this treatment have appeared in the literature, reporting that laparoscopic surgery can be used for the treatment of pancreatitis, benign lesions, and solid tumors. This is a study of three patients with pancreatic tumors who were treated by means of a laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection with preservation of the spleen and splenic vessels. In three cases a laparoscopic distal resection was performed for the tumor. The histologic examinations showed one insulinoma and two mucinous cystadenomas. No patient suffered from intra- or postoperative complications. A laparoscopic resection of the distal pancreas is a new alternative for the treatment of pancreatic tumors. This method takes advantage of the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Sahm
- Department of Surgery, DRK Kliniken Berlin Köpenick, Salvador-Allende-Strasse 2-8, 12559, Berlin, Germany
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Kelly KJ, Wong J, Gladdy R, Moore-Dalal K, Woo Y, Gonen M, Brennan M, Allen P, Fong Y, Coit D. Prognostic impact of RT-PCR-based detection of peritoneal micrometastases in patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing curative resection. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:3333-9. [PMID: 19763694 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive peritoneal fluid cytology predicts poor outcome in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been proposed as a more sensitive means of detection of peritoneal micrometastases than conventional cytology. The clinical significance of RT-PCR positivity in the absence of other evidence of peritoneal disease is unknown. The purpose of the current study was to determine the outcome RT-PCR positive/cytology-negative patients who underwent potentially curative resection. METHODS Peritoneal washings were collected prospectively from 115 patients with pancreatic cancer undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy at a single institution. Specimens were analyzed by a cytopathologist and by RT-PCR for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). RESULTS Of the 115 patients, 62 (54%) underwent R0 resection. Eleven of the 62 patients (18%) had peritoneal washings that were negative by conventional cytology but positive for CEA by RT-PCR. Those 11 patients experienced early peritoneal and overall disease recurrence versus those who were RT-PCR negative (P = 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively) independent of nodal status. CONCLUSIONS RT-PCR for CEA is a sensitive and specific method for the detection of clinically significant peritoneal micrometastases from pancreatic cancer and it might identify a subgroup of patients with otherwise negative findings at staging laparoscopy who might respond better to treatment other than primary surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn J Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Eom BW, Jang JY, Lee SE, Han HS, Yoon YS, Kim SW. Clinical outcomes compared between laparoscopic and open distal pancreatectomy. Surg Endosc 2007; 22:1334-8. [PMID: 18027035 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-007-9660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/09/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic surgery for pancreatic disease has gained increasing popularity. A laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is technically simple and has been adopted as the preferred method in many centers. However, there is limited information on the outcomes of the laparoscopic surgery compared with open surgery. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy and to evaluate its efficacy compared with open distal pancreatectomy. METHODS From February 1995 to March 2006, 31 patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, and 167 patients underwent open distal pancreatectomy at Seoul National University Hospital and Bundang Seoul National University Hospital. A case-control design was used with 2:1 matching to compare laparoscopic surgery with open surgery. Among 167 patients who underwent open distal pancreatectomy, 62 patients whose age, gender, and pathology were similar to those of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were selected for this study. The operation time, intraoperative transfusion requirements, duration of postoperative hospitalization, complications, mortality, recurrence, and hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in operation time, rate of intraoperative transfusions, complications, recurrence, or mortality between the two groups. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was associated with a statistically significant shorter hospital stay (11.5 days vs 13.5 days; p = 0.049), but with more expensive hospital charges than open distal pancreatectomy (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy is a clinically safe and effective procedure for benign and borderline pancreatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Eom
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yeongeon-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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