Hybrid resection of duodenal tumors

Limited Resection of the Duodenum for Nonampullary Duodenal Tumors, with Review of the Literature

The surgical management of duodenal pathology is challenging because of its retroperitoneal position and shared blood supply with the pancreas. We present three types of limited resection of the duodenum for the removal of superficial or small nonampullary duodenal (NADL) lesions, and also a review of the English literature regarding management, such as endoscopic resection and limited duodenal resection. Ten cases underwent limited resections of the duodenum for superficial or small NADL lesions from 2011 to 2015. Pancreas-preserving segmental duodenectomy was performed in three cases, local full-thickness resection was performed in three and transduodenal submucosal dissection was performed in four. One patient experienced pancreatic fistula as a postoperative complication. Postoperative pathological diagnosis were adenoma (n = 2), mucosal adenocarcinomas (n = 5), and neuroendocrine tumor (n = 3). Surgical margin was negative in all cases, and no patient has experienced postoperative recurrence or metastasis. Limited resections of the duodenum were feasible and safe procedures for patients with superficial or small NADL lesions. Laparoscopic surgery may be considered in treatment for these tumors. However, the optimal surgical management for superficial or small nonampullary duodenal lesions remains controversial.

Laparoscopy-assisted transduodenal excision of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors

INTRODUCTION

Transduodenal excision (transduodenal submucosal dissection) is an alternative to pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of benign and low-grade malignant tumors of the duodenum. However, laparoscopic transduodenal excision or laparoscopy-assisted transduodenal excision (LATDE) of such tumors has been rarely reported. In this paper, we present the preliminary results of LATDE in patients with superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors.

METHODS

Three patients with superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (mucosal adenocarcinoma, n = 1; tubular adenoma, n = 2) underwent LATDE. LATDE consists of four major procedures: (i) laparoscopic wide Kocher maneuver (mobilization of the pancreaticoduodenum); (ii) extracorporeal approach to the fully mobilized duodenum through the upper median longitudinal incision (4 cm in length); (iii) tumor excision by submucosal dissection under direct vision through longitudinal duodenotomy (4 cm in length); and (iv) hand-sewn closure of the mucosal defect and duodenotomy.

RESULTS

LATDE was successfully carried out without any intraoperative or postoperative adverse events. The mean operating time and estimated blood loss were 155 min and 17 mL, respectively. Contrast roentgenography on postoperative day 4 showed neither duodenal deformity nor disturbance of gastroduodenal emptying in any of the patients.

CONCLUSIONS

LATDE could eliminate the possibility of peritoneal or port-site seeding of tumor cells because the duodenotomy and tumor excision are performed extracorporeally. The meticulously hand-sewn closures of the mucosal defect and duodenotomy can minimize the possibility of postoperative hemorrhage and/or anastomotic leakage. LATDE is a feasible, safe, and minimally invasive treatment for patients with superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors that have no risk of lymph node metastasis in the first and second portions of the duodenum.

Duodenal bulb tumour of unknown origin

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Their development typically depends on mutations in the Kit or PDGFRA gene. We have diagnosed and treated a duodenal bulb GIST in a 63-year-old woman. The confirmation of the diagnosis was made on the basis of a histological test after radical resection of the tumour. Making the right diagnosis is crucial for patients, since complex surgical and pharmacological approaches are effective even in the advanced stages of the disease. Nevertheless, radical surgical treatment is still the primary choice for patients with GIST.

Laparoscopic partial resection for hemangioma in the third portion of the duodenum

Benign duodenal tumors are rare and less common than malignant tumors. Furthermore, vascular lesions of the duodenum, including hemangiomas, are rare causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. This report describes a case with bleeding hemangiomas in the third portion of the duodenum and jejunum and their successful treatment using a laparoscopic approach. There is no report of totally laparoscopic resection for tumor in the third portion of duodenum. After performing a laparoscopic Kocher maneuver, the location of the duodenal hemangioma was confirmed by endoscopic and laparoscopic observation. The lesion was excised using ultrasonic coagulating shears and the defect in the duodenal wall was sutured laparoscopically. The hemangioma of the jejunum was treated extracorporeally through a 3.0 cm umbilical incision. The operating time was 241 min and blood loss was negligible. The postoperative course was uneventful. For benign duodenal tumors in the third portion, if endoscopic resection is not adapted, this less invasive technique may be a standard treatment.

Surgical management of superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors

BACKGROUND AND AIM

We present our experiences with the so-called 'limited resections' such as transduodenal excision and local full-thickness resection for superficial non-ampullary duodenal tumors (SNADT). The optimal surgical management for SNADT is also discussed.

METHODS

Six patients with SNADT (adenoma, n=1; mucosal carcinomas, n=2; submucosal carcinoma, n=1; carcinoids, n=2) were included in this study. Four patients underwent transduodenal excision, one local full-thickness resection, and one laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection as a modification of local full-thickness resection.

RESULTS

All patients were successfully treated by these limited resections without any adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS

Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for SNADT not amenable to endoscopic resection in terms of technical and/or oncological reasons. However, the optimal surgical management for SNADT remains controversial because of the complexity of the relevant anatomy of the duodenum, its rarity, the not well-known incidence of nodal metastasis, and the wide spectrum of pathologies that can be encountered.

Totally laparoscopic resection of a rare duodenal tumour

A 39-year-old woman presented to the gastroenterology clinic with recurrent right-upper-quadrant pain and elevated liver enzymes. Endoscopy revealed a small submucosal mass at the edge of the major duodenal papilla, which was not amenable to endoscopic resection. The mass was successfully resected by laparoscopy. The papilla was subsequently reconstructed and a cannula inserted in the common bile duct. The postoperative period was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the third postoperative day. Subsequent pathological examination of the excised mass revealed a gangliocytic paraganglioma. Six weeks later, the patient was free of symptoms and the cannula was removed by duodenoscopy.