1
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Choi JH, Kang CM, Park JY. EGFR-targeted fluorescent imaging using the da Vinci® Firefly™ camera for gallbladder cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:201. [PMID: 35701793 PMCID: PMC9199159 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluorescent imaging may aid with the precise diagnosis and treatment of patients with gallbladder cancer. In this study, we sought to demonstrate whether the da Vinci® surgical system and Firefly™ camera could detect EGFR-targeted fluorescent images in orthotopic mouse models of gallbladder cancer. Methods An orthotopic mouse model of gallbladder cancer was created by injecting NOZ gallbladder cancer cells mixed with Matrigel into the gallbladder. In vivo imaging of subcutaneous and orthotopic gallbladder tumors was performed after the injection of DyLight 650- or 800-conjugated EGFR antibody. Results Western blotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy showed the presence of EGFR in NOZ cells, but not in HEK293 cells. Subcutaneous NOZ cell tumors fluoresced after injection with fluorescent EGFR antibody, but subcutaneous HEK293 tumors did not. Fluorescent EGFR antibody made orthotopic NOZ tumors fluoresce, with an intensity stronger than that in the surrounding normal tissues. Histochemical examination confirmed the location of the tumors inside the gallbladder and adjacent liver parenchyma. Fluorescent signal was also detected in orthotopic gallbladder tumors with Firefly™ camera. Conclusion Our study showed that fluorescent EGFR antibodies and the Firefly camera in the da Vinci system can detect fluorescing gallbladder tumors, which demonstrates their potential use for molecular imaging-based prevision surgery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Moo Kang
- Division of HBP Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, and Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Youp Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, and Yonsei Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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2
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Turner MA, Lwin TM, Amirfakhri S, Nishino H, Hoffman RM, Yazaki PJ, Bouvet M. The Use of Fluorescent Anti-CEA Antibodies to Label, Resect and Treat Cancers: A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1819. [PMID: 34944463 PMCID: PMC8699160 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major barrier to the diagnosis and effective treatment of solid-tumor cancers is the difficulty in detection and visualization of tumor margins in primary and metastatic disease. The use of fluorescence can augment the surgeon's ability to detect cancer and aid in its resection. Several cancer types express carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) including colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancer. Antibodies to CEA have been developed and tagged with near-infrared fluorescent dyes. This review article surveyed the use of CEA antibodies conjugated to fluorescent probes for in vivo studies since 1990. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were queried, and 900 titles and abstracts were screened. Fifty-nine entries were identified as possibly meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria and were reviewed in full. Forty articles were included in the review and their citations were screened for additional entries. A total of 44 articles were included in the final review. The use of fluorescent anti-CEA antibodies has been shown to improve detection and resection of tumors in both murine models and clinically. The cumulative results indicate that fluorescent-conjugated anti-CEA antibodies have important potential to improve cancer diagnosis and surgery. In an emerging technology, anti-CEA fluorescent antibodies have also been successfully used for photoimmunotherapy treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Turner
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; (M.A.T.); (S.A.); (H.N.); (R.M.H.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; (M.A.T.); (S.A.); (H.N.); (R.M.H.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiroto Nishino
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; (M.A.T.); (S.A.); (H.N.); (R.M.H.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; (M.A.T.); (S.A.); (H.N.); (R.M.H.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA 92111, USA
| | - Paul J. Yazaki
- Department of Immunology and Theranostics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Michael Bouvet
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA; (M.A.T.); (S.A.); (H.N.); (R.M.H.)
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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3
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Yuan C, Zhao X, Wangmo D, Alshareef D, Gates TJ, Subramanian S. Tumor models to assess immune response and tumor-microbiome interactions in colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107981. [PMID: 34480964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances over the past 2 decades in preventive screening and therapy aimed at improving patient survival, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. The average 5-year survival rate of CRC patients with positive regional lymph nodes is only 40%, while less than 5% of patients with distant metastases survive beyond 5 years. There is a critical need to develop novel therapies that can improve overall survival in patients with poor prognoses, particularly since 60% of them are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Pertinently, immune checkpoint blockade therapy has dramatically changed how we treat CRC patients with microsatellite-instable high tumors. Furthermore, accumulating evidence shows that changes in gut microbiota are associated with the regulation of host antitumor immune response and cancer progression. Appropriate animal models are essential to deciphering the complex mechanisms of host antitumor immune response and tumor-gut microbiome metabolic interactions. Here, we discuss various mouse models of colorectal cancer that are developed to address key questions on tumor immune response and tumor-microbiota interactions. These CRC models will also serve as resourceful tools for effective preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Xianda Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Dechen Wangmo
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Duha Alshareef
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Travis J Gates
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America.
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4
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Choi JH, Park JY. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Targeted Fluorescent Imaging for Gallbladder Cancer in Orthotopic Mouse Models. Gut Liver 2021; 16:606-612. [PMID: 34462395 PMCID: PMC9289833 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Gallbladder cancer is fatal, but fluorescent imaging technology can facilitate timely diagnosis and improve patient outcomes. Fluorophore-conjugated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) targeted antibodies were used to visualize gallbladder cancer in orthotopic tumor mouse models. Methods Western blotting, flow cytometric analysis, and confocal microscopy detected the expression of IGF-1R in SNU-308, SNU-478, and SNU-1196 bile duct cancer cells. In vivo imaging of SNU-478 and SNU-1196 subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic gallbladder tumor models of SNU-478 were performed after injection with DyLight 650-conjugated IGF-1R antibody. Results Western blotting and flow cytometric analysis showed that IGF-1R was expressed in bile duct cancer cells, and confocal microscopy demonstrated that IGF-1R antibody was able to bind to IGF-1R on the cell membrane. Fluorescent IGF-1R antibody injected into the mouse tail vein made subcutaneous tumors and orthotopic tumors become fluorescent. The intensity of fluorescence from the tumor was stronger than that from surrounding normal tissues. Histochemical examination confirmed that the tumor was located inside the gallbladder and adjacent liver parenchyma of mice. Conclusions Our study showed that a fluorescent IGF-1R-targeted antibody could help detect gallbladder tumors. Tumor-specific imaging technology can be applied to endoscopy, laparoscopy, and robotic surgery for better management of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Youp Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Chen X, Shen C, Wei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Jiang L, Chen K, Qiu S, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Chen B, Xu Y, Feng Q, Huang J, Zhong Z, Li H, Che G, Xiao K. Patient-derived non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mirrors complex tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 18:184-198. [PMID: 33628593 PMCID: PMC7877179 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have shown great promise in preclinical and translational applications, but their consistency with primary tumors in phenotypic, genetic, and pharmacodynamic heterogeneity has not been well-studied. This study aimed to establish a PDX repository for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to further elucidate whether it could preserve the heterogeneity within and between tumors in patients. Methods A total of 75 surgically resected NSCLC specimens were implanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice. Based on the successful establishment of the NSCLC PDX model, we compared the expressions of vimentin, Ki67, EGFR, and PD-L1 proteins between cancer tissues and PDX models using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. In addition, we detected whole gene expression profiling between primary tumors and PDX generations. We also performed whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis in 17 first generation xenografts to further assess whether PDXs retained the patient heterogeneities. Finally, paclitaxel, cisplatin, doxorubicin, atezolizumab, afatininb, and AZD4547 were used to evaluate the responses of PDX models to the standard-of-care agents. Results A large collection of serially transplantable PDX models for NSCLC were successfully developed. The histology and pathological immunohistochemistry of PDX xenografts were consistent with the patients' tumor samples. WES and RNA-seq further confirmed that PDX accurately replicated the molecular heterogeneities of primary tumors. Similar to clinical patients, PDX models responded differentially to the standard-of-care treatment, including chemo-, targeted- and immuno-therapeutics. Conclusions Our established PDX models of NSCLC faithfully reproduced the molecular, histopathological, and therapeutic characteristics, as well as the corresponding tumor heterogeneities, which provides a clinically relevant platform for drug screening, biomarker discovery, and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanming Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhe Wei
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- GCP Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qiyi Feng
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Jinxing Huang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Zhihui Zhong
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
- Laboratory of Nonhuman Primate Disease Modeling Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guowei Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China
- Sichuan Kangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Chengdu 610000, China
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6
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Hollandsworth HM, Turner MA, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. A review of tumor-specific fluorescence-guided surgery for colorectal cancer. Surg Oncol 2020; 36:84-90. [PMID: 33316684 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study reviews the use of tumor-specific antibodies conjugated to fluorescent dyes in preclinical and clinical studies to enhance visualization of primary tumors and metastases for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in colorectal cancer (CRC). A search strategy was developed using the peer-reviewed National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database on PubMed. Studies using tumor-specific fluorescence imaging and FGS techniques on murine models of colorectal cell lines or patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) colorectal cancer are reviewed. A total of 24 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, 21 preclinical and 3 clinical trials. The most widely used target antigen in preclinical and clinical trials was carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Mouse studies and clinical studies have demonstrated that the use of FGS in CRC can aid in decreased residual tumor and decreased rates of recurrence. As the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment is surgery, the addition of intraoperative fluorescence imaging can help locate tumor margins, visualize occult micro-metastases, drive surgical decision making and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Hollandsworth
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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7
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Higuchi T, Taniguchi Y, Yonezawa H, Araki Y, Morinaga S, Misra S, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Odani A, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. A Novel Anionic-phosphate-platinum Complex Effectively Targets a Cisplatinum-resistant Osteosarcoma in a Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:217-223. [PMID: 32345663 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM We have previously developed a novel bone-targeting platinum compound, 3Pt, and showed that it has strong inhibitory activity against osteosarcoma cells and orthotopic cell-line xenograft mouse models. In the present report, we compared the efficacy of 3Pt to cisplatinum (CDDP) in a CDDP-resistant relapsed osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. PATIENTS AND METHODS The tumor of a patient with osteosarcoma of the distal femur was treated with CDDP-based chemotherapy followed by surgery. The surgical specimen was used to establish a PDOX model. An osteosarcoma cell line was also established from the original patient tumor. Osteosarcoma cell viability was assessed with the WST-8 assay and the IC50 values were calculated. The PDOX models were randomized into three groups: untreated control, CDDP-treated group, and 3Pt-treated group. Tumor size and body weight were measured twice a week. RESULTS 3Pt had a strong concentration-dependent cytocidal effect in vitro. The IC50 value of 3Pt was significantly lower than that of CDDP. On day 14 of the treatment, 3Pt caused a significantly greater tumor growth inhibition compared to the untreated control and CDDP-treated mice. CONCLUSION 3Pt is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of recalcitrant osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sei Morinaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sweta Misra
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Akira Odani
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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8
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Zhang Z, Hu K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Oshiro H, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Miyake M, Chawla SP, Singh SR, Hoffman RM. A novel patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model of highly-aggressive liver metastasis for identification of candidate effective drug-combinations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20105. [PMID: 33208807 PMCID: PMC7676248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a recalcitrant disease that usually leads to death of the patient. The present study established a unique patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of a highly aggressive liver metastasis of colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept that candidate drug combinations could significantly inhibit growth and re-metastasis of this recalcitrant tumor. The patient’s liver metastasis was initially established subcutaneously in nude mice and the subcutaneous tumor tissue was then orthotopically implanted in the liver of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two studies were performed to test different drugs or drug combination, indicating that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + irinotecan (IRI) + bevacizumab (BEV) and regorafenib (REG) + selumetinib (SEL) had significantly inhibited liver metastasis growth (p = 0.013 and p = 0.035, respectively), and prevented liver satellite metastasis. This study is proof of concept that a PDOX model of highly aggressive colon-cancer metastasis can identify effective drug combinations and that the model has future clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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9
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Zhu G, Zhao M, Han Q, Tan Y, Sun YU, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Ye J, Hoffman RM. Pazopanib Inhibits Tumor Growth, Lymph-node Metastasis and Lymphangiogenesis of an Orthotopic Mouse of Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:131-139. [PMID: 32108035 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pazopanib (PAZ) can inhibit tumor progression, but whether PAZ inhibits lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of PAZ on tumor growth, lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in an orthotopic nude mouse model in colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT-26-green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing mouse colon cancer cells were injected into nude mice to establish a subcutaneous colorectal cancer model and were treated with saline and PAZ. Additionals subcutaneous tumors were harvested and cut into 5 mm3 fragments, then tumor fragments were implanted orthotopically in the cecum to establish an orthotopic colorectal-cancer nude mouse model. Orthotopic mice were randomized into two groups for the treatment with saline and PAZ, respectively. Tumor width, length and mouse body weight was measured twice a week. The Fluor Vivo imaging system was used to image the GFP. Hematoxylin & eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining was used for histological analysis. RESULTS PAZ inhibited the growth of subcutaneous colorectal cancer, as wells as orthotopic transplanted colorectal cancer tumors. PAZ suppressed lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in the orthotopic colon cancer model. No significant changes were observed in the body weight between the control and the mice treated with PAZ. CONCLUSION PAZ can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer and inhibit lymph node metastasis and lymphangiogenesis in orthotopic colon cancer nude mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhu
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Y U Sun
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Jianxin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2 Section, The First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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10
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Hollandsworth HM, Schmitt V, Amirfakhri S, Filemoni F, Schmidt A, Landström M, Lyndin M, Backert S, Gerhard M, Wennemuth G, Hoffman RM, Singer BB, Bouvet M. Fluorophore-conjugated Helicobacter pylori recombinant membrane protein (HopQ) labels primary colon cancer and metastases in orthotopic mouse models by binding CEA-related cell adhesion molecules. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100857. [PMID: 32866936 PMCID: PMC7475271 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HopQ is an outer-membrane protein of Helicobacter pylori that binds to human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecules (CEACAMs) with high specificity. We aimed to investigate fluorescence targeting of CEACAM-expressing colorectal tumors in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models with fluorescently labeled recombinant HopQ (rHopQ). Western blotting, flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to determine the efficiency of rHopQ binding to CEACAMs. rHopQ was conjugated to IR800DyeCW (rHopQ-IR800). Nude mice received orthotopic implantation of colon cancer tumors. Three weeks later, mice were administered 25 μg or 50 μg HopQ-IR800 and imaged 24 or 48 h later. Intravital images were analyzed for tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Flow cytometry and ELISA demonstrated binding of HopQ to CEACAM1, 3 and 5. Dose-response intravital imaging in PDOX models demonstrated optimal results 48 h after administration of 50 μg rHopQ-IR800 (TBR = 3.576) in our protocol. Orthotopic models demonstrated clear tumor margins of primary tumors and small regional metastases with a mean TBR = 3.678 (SD ± 1.027). rHopQ showed specific binding to various CEACAMs in PDOX models. rHopQ may be useful for CEACAM-positive tumor and metastasis detection for pre-surgical diagnosis, intra-operative imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Hollandsworth
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Verena Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Siamak Amirfakhri
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Filemoni Filemoni
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mykola Lyndin
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Wennemuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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11
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Humanized Anti-Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein-72 for Submillimeter Near-Infrared Detection of Colon Cancer in Metastatic Mouse Models. J Surg Res 2020; 252:16-21. [PMID: 32217350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG)-72 is a pancarcinoma antigen that is overexpressed in greater than 80% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. CC49 is a TAG-72-specific antibody. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate selective imaging of colon tumors and metastases with the humanized TAG-72 antibody (anti-huCC49) conjugated to a near-infrared fluorophore in orthotopic mouse models. METHODS Anti-huCC49 was conjugated to near-infrared dye IR800CW. Mouse imaging was performed with the Pearl Trilogy Small Animal and FLARE Imaging Systems. Subcutaneous mouse models of colon cancer cell line LS174T were used to determine the optimal dose of administration and timing of imaging. Orthotopic mouse models of LS174T were established by surgical orthotopic implantation of LS174T tumors onto the serosa of the cecum. Peritoneal carcinomatosis models were established by injection of LS174T cells into the peritoneum of nude mice. Mice were administered anti-huCC49-IR800 via tail vein injection. Mice were euthanized 72 h later and imaged after laparotomy. RESULTS Subcutaneous LS174T xenografts demonstrated optimal tumor detection 72 h after administration with 50 μg anti-huCC49-IR800CW. Tumors were visualized with fluorescence imaging with a mean tumor-to-liver ratio of 7.39 (standard deviation: 2.76). In the orthotopic model, metastases smaller than 1 mm were fluorescently visualized that were invisible with bright light. CONCLUSIONS Anti-huCC49-IR800CW provides sensitive and specific imaging of colon cancer and metastases at a submillimeter resolution in metastatic nude mice models. This provides a promising near-infrared probe for the imaging of colon cancer and metastases for preoperative diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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12
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Temozolomide and Pazopanib Combined with FOLFOX Regressed a Primary Colorectal Cancer in a Patient-derived Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100739. [PMID: 32143177 PMCID: PMC7058405 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM) and pazopanib (PAZ) combined with FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil) on a colorectal cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Materials and Methods: A colorectal cancer tumor from a patient previously established in non-transgenic nude mice was implanted subcutaneously in transgenic green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing nude mice in order to label the tumor stromal cells with GFP. Then labeled tumors were orthotopically implanted into the cecum of nude mice. Mice were randomized into four groups: Group 1, untreated control; group 2, TEM + PAZ; group 3, FOLFOX; group 4, TEM + PAZ plus FOLFOX. Tumor width, length, and mouse body weight were measured weekly. The Fluor Vivo imaging System was used to image the GFP-lableled tumor stromal cells in vivo. H&E staining and immunohistochemical staining were used for histological analysis. Results: All three treatments inhibited tumor growth as compared to the untreated control group. The combination of TEM + PAZ + FOLFOX regressed tumor growth significantly more effectively than TEM + PAZ or FOLFOX. Only the combination of TEM + PAZ + FOLFOX group caused a decrease in body weight. PAZ suppressed lymph vessels density in the colorectal cancer PDOX mouse model suggesting inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the combination of TEM + PAZ + FOLFOX has clinical potential for colorectal cancer patient.
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13
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Anti-carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule antibody for fluorescence visualization of primary colon cancer and metastases in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Oncotarget 2020; 11:429-439. [PMID: 32064046 PMCID: PMC6996915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 6G5j is a novel anti-CEACAM monoclonal antibody. Our aim was to investigate mAb 6G5j binding characteristics and to validate fluorescence targeting of colorectal tumors and metastases in patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models with fluorescently labeled 6G5j. Materials/Methods: The MAb 6G5j binding profile was analyzed with ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. MAb 6G5j was conjugated to near-infrared dye IR800CW (LI-COR). Western blotting was performed with various colon cancer cell lysates to determine CEACAM expression. Nude mice received orthotopic implantation of patient-derived primary colon cancer and patient-derived colon cancer metastases. Mice were administered varying doses of 6G5j-IR800CW via tail vein injection and imaged 24 and 48 hours later. Results: MAb 6G5j bound to human CEACAM1, 3, 5, 6 and 8. Western blotting demonstrated varied expression of CEACAMs in 15 of 16 colon cancer lysates. Dose and time-response imaging demonstrated optimal imaging 48 hours after administration of 50 μg 6G5j-IR800CW (Tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) 3.17, SEM ± 0.45). Primary cancers and multiple metastases were fluorescently visualized. Conclusions: Anti-CEACAM antibody 6G5j binds multiple CEACAMs which may lead to improved detection of tumor margins for tumors and metastases that have variable expression of CEA and other CEACAMs. 6G5j mAb may be useful for colon cancer detection for pre-surgical diagnosis and fluorescence-guided surgery.
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14
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Elliott I, Russell T, Singh A, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Regorafenib regresses an imatinib-resistant recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:722-727. [PMID: 29334307 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1423223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a mutation in exons 11 and 17 of c-kit is a rare type of sarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine drug sensitivity for a regionally-recurrent case of GIST using a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX model was established in the anterior wall of the stomach. GIST PDOX models were randomized into 5 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration (p.o.), daily, for 3 weeks); G3, sunitinib group (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G4, regorafenib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks); G5, pazopanib (p.o., daily, for 3 weeks). All mice were sacrificed on day 22. Tumor volume was evaluated on day 0 and day 22 by laparotomy. Body weight were measured 2 times per week. Though regorafenib is third-line therapy for GIST, it was the most effective drug and regressed the tumor significantly (p < 0.001). Sunitinib suppressed tumor growth compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Imatinib, first-line therapy for GIST, and pazopanib did not have significant efficacy compared to the control group (p = 0.886, p = 0.766). The implications of this result is discussed for GIST patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA.,c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Deparment of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Tara Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Arun Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- c Department of Gastroenterological Surgery , Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer Inc. , San Diego , CA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA
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15
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Yoon SN, Park JH, Lwin TM, Miyake K, Singh SR, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Tumor-sealing Surgical Orthotopic Implantation of Human Colon Cancer in Nude Mice Induces Clinically-relevant Metastases Without Early Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:4065-4071. [PMID: 31366489 PMCID: PMC11058567 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical orthotopic implantation of human colon cancer tissue to the ceca of mice has been used to mimic behavior of cancer in human patients for the development of precision cancer medicine. However, with the current method of serosal surface implantation (SSI) of pieces of human colon cancer tissue, cancer cells are exposed to the peritoneum, which can artificially increase the rate of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) during the disease course. The objective of the present study was to introduce a tumor-sealing method (TSM) and compare it with SSI for the ability to produce clinically-relevant metastases without artificial PC. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCT116 colon cancer cells transfected with green fluorescence protein (GFP) were cultured and then injected into the subcutaneous layer of athymic nude mice. Subcutaneous tumors were allowed to grow sufficiently to supply adequate tumor for orthotopic implantation. For SSI, a 1 mm3-sized tumor fragment was sutured to partially torn serosa of the cecum. For TSM, the blind end of the cecum was folded over the tumor fragment and sealed with sutures. At 20 days after implantation, all mice were opened to visualize PC by intravital fluorescence imaging. At necropsy, distant metastasis was investigated using frozen section of whole blocks of organs. RESULTS At 20 days after implantation, PC rates in the SSI group and the TSM group were 80% (12/15) and 20% (3/15), respectively (p<0.001). The liver metastasis rate was 41.7% (5/12) in the SSI group and 50% (5/10) in the TSM group (p=0.696). The lung metastasis rate was 0% (0/12) in the SSI group and 10% (1/10) in the TSM group (p=0.201). The mean survival of mice without PC on the 20th day was significantly longer than that of mice with PC on the 20th day (69.1±14.7 vs. 44.5±12.4 days, p=0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that TSM might be a more patient-like and useful method as a model of metastatic colon cancer than SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Nam Yoon
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Park
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, U.S.A.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A.
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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16
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Yazaki PJ, Lwin TM, Minnix M, Li L, Sherman A, Molnar J, Miller A, Frankel P, Chea J, Poku E, Bowles N, Hoffman RM, Shively JE, Bouvet M. Improved antibody-guided surgery with a near-infrared dye on a pegylated linker for CEA-positive tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 31254333 PMCID: PMC6978469 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.6.066012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time intraoperative image-guided cancer surgery promises to improve oncologic outcomes. Tumor-specific antibodies conjugated with near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores have demonstrated the potential to enhance visualization of solid tumor margins and metastatic disease; however, multiple challenges remain, including improvement in probe development for clinical utility. We have developed an NIR-IR800 dye on a PEGylated linker (sidewinder) conjugated to the humanized anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody (M5A) with extended in vivo serum and tumor persistence. The anti-CEA M5A-sidewinder has a high dye-to-antibody ratio (average of 7 per antibody) that allows, in an orthotopic implanted human pancreatic cancer mouse model increased tumor fluorescence, higher tumor-to-background ratio and extends the surgical scheduling window compared to current antibody dye conjugates. These preclinical results demonstrate the potential of this probe for fluorescence-guided surgery of CEA-positive gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Yazaki
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
- Address all correspondence to Paul J. Yazaki, E-mail:
| | - Thinzar M. Lwin
- University of California San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Megan Minnix
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Anakim Sherman
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Justin Molnar
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Aaron Miller
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Paul Frankel
- Beckman Research Institute, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Junie Chea
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Erasmus Poku
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Nicole Bowles
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- University of California San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California, United States
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
| | - John E. Shively
- Beckman Research Institute, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States
| | - Michael Bouvet
- University of California San Diego, Department of Surgery, La Jolla, California, United States
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States
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Efficacy of Recombinant Methioninase (rMETase) on Recalcitrant Cancer Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Mouse Models: A Review. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050410. [PMID: 31052611 PMCID: PMC6562625 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An excessive requirement for methionine (MET), termed MET dependence, appears to be a general metabolic defect in cancer and has been shown to be a very effective therapeutic target. MET restriction (MR) has inhibited the growth of all major cancer types by selectively arresting cancer cells in the late-S/G2 phase, when they also become highly sensitive to cytotoxic agents. Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) has been developed to effect MR. The present review describes the efficacy of rMETase on patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of recalcitrant cancer, including the surprising result that rMETase administrated orally can be highly effective.
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18
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Oshiro H, Tome Y, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Miyake M, Zang Z, Razmjooei S, Barangi M, Wangsiricharoen S, Nelson SD, Li Y, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide targets and arrests a doxorubicin-resistant follicular dendritic-cell sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2019; 58:17-23. [PMID: 31133242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a very rare and highly recalcitrant disease. A patient's doxorubicin-resistant FDCS was previously established orthotopically on the right high thigh into the biceps femoris of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present manuscript was to identify an effective drug for this recalcitrant tumor. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of temozolomide (TMZ), trabectedin (TRAB) and pazopanib (PAZ) on the FDCS PDOX model. PDOX mouse models were randomized into five groups of eight to nine mice, respectively. Group 1, untreated control with PBS, i.p.; Group 2, treated with doxorubicin (DOX), 2.4 mg/kg, i.p., weekly for 3 weeks; Group 3, treated with PAZ, 50 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 3 weeks; Group 4, treated with TMZ, 25 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily for 3 weeks; Group 5, treated with TRAB, 0.15 mg/kg, i.v., weekly for 3 weeks. Body weight and tumor volume were assessed 2 times per week. TMZ arrested the FDCS PDOX model compared to the control group (p < 0.05). PAZ and TRAB did not have significant efficacy compared to the control group (p = 0.99, p = 0.69 respectively). The PDOX tumor was resistant to DOX (p= 0.99). as was the patient. The present study demonstrates that TMZ is effective for a PDOX model of FDCS established from a patient who failed DOX treatment, further demonstrating the power of PDOX to identify effective therapy including for tumors that failed first line therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sahar Razmjooei
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Barangi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sintawat Wangsiricharoen
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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19
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Marston JC, Kennedy GD, Lapi SE, Hartman YE, Richardson MT, Modi HM, Warram JM. Panitumumab-IRDye800CW for Fluorescence-Guided Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer. J Surg Res 2019; 239:44-51. [PMID: 30798171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a rapidly advancing field that may improve outcomes in several cancer types. Although screening has decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, it remains a common and often fatal malignancy. In this study, we sought to identify an optical imaging agent for the application of FGS technology to CRC. METHODS We compared a panitumumab-IRDye800CW conjugate to an IgG-IRDye800CW isotype control. Mice were implanted with one of three CRC cell lines (LS174T, Colo205, and SW948) and imaged with open- and closed-filed fluorescence imaging systems. Fluorescent contrast was quantified by calculating the ratio between tumor and background fluorescence. After 10 d, the mice were sacrificed, and their tumors stained for microscopic imaging. RESULTS Panitumumab-IRDye800CW produced significantly greater (P < 0.05) fluorescent contrast in all three cell lines. Average tumor to background ratio was 6.00 versus 2.60 for LS174T, 5.78 versus 2.52 for Colo205, and 4.31 versus 1.70 for SW948. A 1-mg tumor fragment produced significantly greater fluorescent contrast in the Colo205 and SW948 cell lines in the panitumumab-IRDye800CW group. Western blotting for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and a semiquantitative analysis of EGFR expression noted strong expression in all three cell lines; however, EGFR expression did not directly correlate to tumor to background ratio. CONCLUSIONS Panitumumab-IRDye800CW produces significantly greater fluorescent contrast than IgG-IRDye800CW in a murine model of CRC and is a suitable agent for the application of FGS technology to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Marston
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Gregory D Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yolanda E Hartman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birminghamz, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Morgan T Richardson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Himani M Modi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birminghamz, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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20
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Methioninase Cell-Cycle Trap Cancer Chemotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:133-148. [PMID: 30725413 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are methionine (MET) dependent compared to normal cells as they have an elevated requirement for MET in order to proliferate. MET restriction selectively traps cancer cells in the S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. The cell cycle phase can be visualized by color coding with the fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). Recombinant methioninase (rMETase) is an enzyme that effectively degrades MET. rMETase induces S/G2-phase blockage of cancer cells which is identified by the cancer cells' green fluorescence with FUCCI imaging. Cancer cells in G1/G0 are the majority of the cells in solid tumors and are resistant to the chemotherapy. Treatment of cancer cells with standard chemotherapy drugs only led to the majority of the cancer cell population being arrested in G0/G1 phase, identified by the cancer cells' red fluorescence in the FUCCI system. The G0/G1-phase cancer cells are chemo-resistant. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) was used to decoy quiescent G0/G1 stomach cancer cells growing in nude mice to cycle, with subsequent rMETase treatment to selectively trap the decoyed cancer cells in S/G2 phase, which made them highly sensitive to chemotherapy. Subsequent cisplatinum (CDDP) or paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy was then administered to kill the decoyed and trapped cancer cells, which completely prevented or regressed tumor growth. In a subsequent experiment, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent CDDP-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was eradicated by the combination of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R decoy, rMETase S/G2-phase cell cycle trap, and CDDP cell kill. Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and rMETase pre-treatment thereby overcame CDDP resistance. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new chemotherapy paradigm of "decoy, trap, and kill" chemotherapy.
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21
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Higuchi T, Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Igarashi K, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Li Y, Chawla SP, Eilber FC, Singh SR, Tsuchiya H, Hoffman RM. The combination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel as a novel effective treatment strategy for undifferentiated soft-tissue sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:835-840. [PMID: 30616082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated/unclassified soft-tissue sarcomas (USTS) is recalcitrant neoplasms that is usually treated with doxorubicin (DOX)-containing regimens as first-line therapy. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) is a nanotechnology-based drug and is widely used in pancreatic cancer in combination with gemcitabine (GEM). The major goal of the present study was to determine the efficacy of nab-PTX in combination with GEM, compared to conventional drugs such as docetaxel (DOC), GEM combined with DOC, or first-line drug DOX on a USTS not-otherwise specified (USTS/NOS) from a striated muscle implanted in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. USTS PDOX models were randomized into six groups: untreated control; DOX; DOC; nab-PTX; GEM combined with DOC; and GEM combined with nab-PTX. Tumor size and body weight were measured. Tumor growth was inhibited to the greatest extent by GEM combined with nab-PTX. Tumors treated with GEM combined with nab-PTX had the most necrosis. Body weight of the treated mice was not significantly different from the untreated controls. The present study demonstrates the power of the PDOX model to identify a novel effective treatment strategy of the combination of GEM and nab-PTX for recalcitrant soft-tissue sarcomas. These results suggest that combination of GEM and nab-PTX could be a promising therapeutic strategy for USTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Frederick C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hoffman RM, Han Q, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Tan Y. Afterword: Oral Methioninase-Answer to Cancer and Fountain of Youth? Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1866:311-322. [PMID: 30725426 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8796-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) requirement of cancer cells is termed MET dependence and is possibly the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo due to their elevated requirement for MET. rMETase can also potentiate chemotherapy drugs active in S phase due to the selective arrest of cancer cells in S/G2 phase during MET restriction (MR). We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intraperitoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in mouse models of cancer including patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. We subsequently compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) on a melanoma PDOX mouse model. o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase to inhibit tumor growth without overt toxicity. The combination of o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either monotherapy and completely arrested tumor growth. Thus, o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent with the potential of clinical development for chronic cancer therapy as well as for cancer prevention. o-rMETase may also have potential as an antiaging agent for healthy people, since MR has been shown to extend the life span of a variety of different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Fluorescent humanized anti-CEA antibody specifically labels metastatic pancreatic cancer in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37333-37342. [PMID: 30647873 PMCID: PMC6324662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease in part due to incomplete tumor resection. Targeting by tumor-specific antibodies conjugated with a fluorescent label can result in selective labeling of cancer in vivo for surgical navigation. In the present study, we describe a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model of pancreatic cancer that recapitulated the disease on a gross and microscopic level, along with physiologic clinical manifestations. We additionally show that the use of an anti-CEA antibody conjugated to the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, IRDye800CW, can selectively highlight the pancreatic cancer and its metastases in this model with a tumor-to-background ratio of 3.5 (SEM 0.9). The present results demonstrate the clinical potential of this labeling technique for fluorescence-guided surgery of pancreatic cancer.
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE Optical surgical navigation (OSN) will be a potent tool to help surgeons more accurately and efficiently remove tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel humanized 3E8 antibody (3E8 MAb) fragment site-specifically conjugated with IR800, 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800, as a potential OSN agent to target colorectal adenocarcinoma. PROCEDURES An engineered single-chain variable fragment of 3E8 MAb (targeted to TAG-72), appending a C-terminal cysteine residue (3E8.scFv.Cys), was created and reacted with IRDye800-maleimide. 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800 identity and purity were verified by MALDI-TOF mass spectra and 800 nm detected size exclusion column HPLC. In vitro human colon adenocarcinoma LS-174 T cells binding and competition assay validated biological functionality. We further evaluated the imaging ability and receptor-specific binding of 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800 in an orthotopic LS-174 T mouse model. RESULTS A 1:1 dye to protein conjugate was achieved at greater than 90 % HPLC purity. A 1 nmol dose of 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800 via intraperitoneal injection administration was sufficient to produce high tumor to background fluorescence contrast. Blocking competition studies both in vitro and in vivo using a different blocking protein, 3E8ΔCH2, demonstrated 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800 binding specificity for TAG-72 antigen. CONCLUSIONS 3E8.scFv.Cys-IR800 shows properties useful in a clinically viable OSN agent for colorectal cancer.
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25
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Pogue BW, Rosenthal EL, Achilefu S, van Dam GM. Perspective review of what is needed for molecular-specific fluorescence-guided surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30291698 PMCID: PMC6210787 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.10.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Molecular image-guided surgery has the potential for translating the tools of molecular pathology to real-time guidance in surgery. As a whole, there are incredibly positive indicators of growth, including the first United States Food and Drug Administration clearance of an enzyme-biosynthetic-activated probe for surgery guidance, and a growing number of companies producing agents and imaging systems. The strengths and opportunities must be continued but are hampered by important weaknesses and threats within the field. A key issue to solve is the inability of macroscopic imaging tools to resolve microscopic biological disease heterogeneity and the limitations in microscopic systems matching surgery workflow. A related issue is that parsing out true molecular-specific uptake from simple-enhanced permeability and retention is hard and requires extensive pathologic analysis or multiple in vivo tests, comparing fluorescence accumulation with standard histopathology and immunohistochemistry. A related concern in the field is the over-reliance on a finite number of chosen preclinical models, leading to early clinical translation when the probe might not be optimized for high intertumor variation or intratumor heterogeneity. The ultimate potential may require multiple probes, as are used in molecular pathology, and a combination with ultrahigh-resolution imaging and image recognition systems, which capture the data at a finer granularity than is possible by the surgeon. Alternatively, one might choose a more generalized approach by developing the tracer based on generic hallmarks of cancer to create a more "one-size-fits-all" concept, similar to metabolic aberrations as exploited in fluorodeoxyglucose - positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) (i.e., Warburg effect) or tumor acidity. Finally, methods to approach the problem of production cost minimization and regulatory approvals in a manner consistent with the potential revenue of the field will be important. In this area, some solid steps have been demonstrated in the use of fluorescent labeling commercial antibodies and separately in microdosing studies with small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering and Department of Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
| | - Eben L. Rosenthal
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Radiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Gooitzen M. van Dam
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Surgery, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Tumor targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) regresses partially GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2019-2026. [PMID: 29963961 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer but has limited efficacy in most cases. Nanoparticle-albumin bound (nab)-paclitaxel is becoming first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but also has limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer. Our goal was to improve the treatment outcome in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer. We previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) pancreatic cancers from two patients. The pancreatic tumor was implanted orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Five weeks after implantation, 50 PDOX mouse models were randomized into five groups of 10 mice for each pancreatic cancer PDOX: untreated control; GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + nab-PTX (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, nab-PTX: 10 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks); S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks); GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, S. typhimurium A1-R; 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks). GEM + nab-PTX was significantly more effective than GEM alone in one PDOX model (p = 0.0004), but there was no significant difference in the other PDOX model. The combination of GEM + S. typhimurium A1-R regressed both PDOX models. These results show S. typhimurium A1-R can overcome the ineffectiveness or partial effectiveness of GEM in patient-like models of pancreatic cancer and demonstrate clinical potential for this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc ., San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Zhao M, Wangsiricharoen S, Kawaguchi K, Zhang Z, Higuchi T, Razmjooei S, Li Y, Nelson SD, Russell T, Singh A, Murakami T, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Chawla SP, Eilber FC, Endo I, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R overcomes partial carboplatinum-resistance of a cancer of unknown primary (CUP). Tissue Cell 2018; 54:144-149. [PMID: 30309504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) is metastatic disease without a known primary and therefore very difficult to identify effective therapy. Previously, we demonstrated partial efficacy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) alone and carboplatinum alone (CAR) on a CUP patient tumor in the patient-derived xenograft (PDOX) model. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR on the CUP PDOX model. The CUP tumors were implanted orthotopically into the left supraclavicular fossa of nude mice to match the site from which they were resected from the patient. CUP PDOX models were divided randomly into the following 4 groups after the tumor volume reached 100 mm3: G1: untreated group; G2: CAR (30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks); G3: S. typhimurium A1-R (5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks).; G4: S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR (S. typhimurium A1-R; 5x107 CFU/body, i.v., weekly, 2 weeks; CAR, 30 mg/kg, i.p., weekly, 2 weeks). Each group comprised 7 mice. All mice were sacrificed on day 15. Tumor volume and body weight were measured twice a week. S. typhimurium A1-R and CAR moderately inhibited tumor growth compared to the untreated group on day 15 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). S. typhimurium A1-R combined with CAR inhibited the tumor growth significantly more compared to S. typhimurium A1-R monotherapy or CAR monotherapy on day 15 (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). The present report demonstrates that S. typhimurium A1-R can increase the efficacy of a standard drug used for CUP in a PDOX model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Sant P Chawla
- Sarcoma Oncology Center, 2811 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 414, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Kawaguchi K, Higuchi T, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Zhao M, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Ohshiro H, Sugisawa N, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Combination therapy of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R and oral recombinant methioninase regresses a BRAF-V600E-negative melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3086-3092. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Zhang Z, Razmjooei S, Wangsiricharoen S, Bouvet M, Singh SR, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) is superior to injectable rMETase and overcomes acquired gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 432:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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30
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Singh AS, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Unno M, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Patterns of sensitivity to a panel of drugs are highly individualised for undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse models. J Drug Target 2018; 27:211-216. [PMID: 30024282 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1499748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) is a recalcitrant disease; therefore, precise individualised therapy is needed. Toward this goal, we previously established patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of USTS in nude mice. Here, we determined the extent of uniqueness of drug response in a panel on USTS PDOX models from 5 different patients. We previously showed that 3 of the 5 patients were resistant to doxorubicin (DOX) despite DOX being first-line therapy. Two weeks after orthotopic tumour implantation, PDOX mouse models were randomised into five groups: untreated control, DOX, gem-citabine/docetaxel (GEM/DOC), pazopanib (PAZ), temozolomide (TEM). Three PDOX cases were completely resistant to DOX. TEM had high efficacy for 4 USTS PDOX models, including DOX-resistant cases. GEM/DOC and PAZ were effective in three USTS PDOX. One case was completely resistant to TEM. Two cases were completely resistant to PAZ. The results showed the drug sensitivity pattern for each USTS PDOX was highly individualised and that at least one effective drug could be found for each. The PDOX model could be effective in precise individualised drug sensitivity testing which is especially important for heterogeneous cancers such as USTS, and can give the patient a greater chance to be treated with an effective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Department of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- g Basic Research Laboratory , National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Elliott I, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Trabectedin arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-activated liposarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:840. [PMID: 30126369 PMCID: PMC6102848 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a rare, heterogeneous and an aggressive variant of liposarcoma. Therefore, individualized therapy is urgently needed. Our recent reports suggest that trabectedin (TRAB) is effective against several patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse models. Here, we compared the efficacy of first-line therapy, doxorubicin (DOX), and TRAB in a platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRA)-amplified PLPS. METHODS We used a fresh sample of PLPS tumor derived from a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with a recurrent PLPS. Subcutaneous implantation of tumor tissue was performed in a nude mouse. After three weeks of implantation, tumor tissues were isolated and cut into small pieces. To match the patient a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS PDOX was created in the biceps femoris of nude mice. Mice were randomized into three groups: Group 1 (G1), control (untreated); Group 2 (G2), DOX-treated; Group 3 (G3), TRAB-treated. Measurement was done twice a week for tumor width, length, and mouse body weight. RESULTS The PLPS PDOX showed resistance towards DOX. However, TRAB could arrest the PLPS (p < 0.05 compared to control; p < 0.05 compared to DOX) without any significant changes in body-weight. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here suggest that for the individual patient the PLPS PDOX model could specifically distinguish both effective and ineffective drugs. This is especially crucial for PLPS because effective first-line therapy is harder to establish if it is not individualized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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32
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Lwin TM, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Advantages of patient-derived orthotopic mouse models and genetic reporters for developing fluorescence-guided surgery. J Surg Oncol 2018; 118:253-264. [PMID: 30080930 PMCID: PMC6146062 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery can enhance the surgeon's ability to achieve a complete oncologic resection. There are a number of tumor-specific probes being developed with many preclinical mouse models to evaluate their efficacy. The current review discusses the different preclinical mouse models in the setting of probe evaluation and highlights the advantages of patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX) mouse models and genetic reporters to develop fluorescence-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thinzar M. Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA
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33
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Kiyuna T, Tome Y, Murakami T, Zhao M, Miyake K, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Higuchi T, Li Y, Dry SM, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Singh AS, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R arrests a doxorubicin-resistant PDGFRA-amplified patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model of pleomorphic liposarcoma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7827-7833. [PMID: 29932244 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a recalcitrant soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) subtype in need of transformative therapy. We have previously established a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model, of PLPS with PDGFRA amplification, using surgical orthotopic implantation. In the current study, the PLPS PDOX model was randomized into 3 groups of 7 mice each: untreated control; doxorubicin (DOX)-treated; and treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Tumor volume and body weight were monitored during the treatment period. The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX. In contrast, the PLPS PDOX was highly sensitive to S. typhimurium A1-R. There was no significant body-weight loss among these 3 groups. Fluorescence imaging demonstrated that S. typhimurium A1-R-GFP was very effective to target the PLPS PDOX tumor. The current study demonstrates that a PLPS PDOX, resistant to first-line therapy DOX, was highly sensitive to tumor targeting S. typhimurium A1-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc, San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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34
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MEK inhibitor trametinib in combination with gemcitabine regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) pancreatic cancer nude mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 52:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Miyake K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake M, Zhao M, Kiyuna T, Igarashi K, Zhang Z, Murakami T, Li Y, Nelson SD, Bouvet M, Elliott I, Russell TA, Singh AS, Hiroshima Y, Momiyama M, Matsuyama R, Chishima T, Singh SR, Endo I, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R suppressed an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor with c-kit exon 11 and 17 mutations. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00643. [PMID: 30003151 PMCID: PMC6040627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a refractory disease in need of novel efficacious therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R) using on a patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of imatinib-resistant GIST. The GIST was obtained from a patient with regional recurrence, and implanted in the anterior gastric wall of nude mice. The GIST PDOX mice were randomized into 3 groups of 6 mice each when the tumor volume reached 60 mm3: G1, control group; G2, imatinib group (oral administration [p.o.], daily, for 3 weeks); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R group (intravenous [i.v.] injection, weekly, for 3 weeks). All mice from each group were sacrificed on day 22. Relative tumor volume was estimated by laparotomy on day 0 and day 22. Body weight of the mouse was evaluated 2 times per week. We found that S. typhimurium A1-R significantly reduced tumor growth in contrast to the untreated group (P = 0.001). In addition, we found that S. typhimurium A1-R was more effective compared to imatinib (P = 0.013). Furthermore, Imatinib was not significantly effective compared to the control group (P = 0.462). These results indicate that S. typhimurium A1-R may be new effective therapy for imatinib-resistant GIST and therefore a good candidate for clinical development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D. Nelson
- Deptartment of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Irmina Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A. Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S. Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yukihiko Hiroshima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masashi Momiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Chishima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fritz C. Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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36
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Kiyuna T, Murakami T, Tome Y, Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Russell TA, Singh SR, Kanaya F, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Doxorubicin-resistant pleomorphic liposarcoma with PDGFRA gene amplification is targeted and regressed by pazopanib in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model. Tissue Cell 2018; 53:30-36. [PMID: 30060824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS) is a heterogeneous resistant group of tumors. Complete surgical resection is the only known way to treat PLPS. PLPS is reristant to both radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, precise individualized therapy is needed to improve outcome of advanced PLPS patients. In this study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a PDGFRA-amplified PLPS was established in the biceps femoris of nude mice by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) in order to match the patient. The PLPS PDOX was treated with pazopanib (PAZ) which targets PDGFRA, as well as with temozolomide (TEM) and first-line therapy doxorubicin (DOX). The PLPS PDOX was resistant to DOX and responded very well to PAZ as well as TEM. The tumor volume on treatment day-14 relative to day-1 was as follows: DOX (4.50 ± 2.6, p = 0.8087); PAZ (1.29 ± 0.9, p = 0.0008 compared to the control, p = 0.0167 compared to DOX); TEM (1.07 ± 0.8, p = 0.0079 compared to the control, p = 0.0079 compared to DOX). There was no significant difference in body weight between any treated group or control. The PAZ- and TEM-treated tumors showed extensive necrosis compared to the DOX-treated and untreated PDOX tumors. The present study showed that PDGFRA amplification could be effectively targeted by PAZ. The PLPS PDOX model also identified the efficacy of TEM which does not target PDGFRA, indicating that the PDOX model can identify effective targeted therapy as well as standard therapy and at the same time, identify ineffective drugs, even if they are first-line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yasunori Tome
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fuminori Kanaya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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37
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Kawaguchi K, Miyake K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Lwin TM, Higuchi T, Kiyuna T, Miyake M, Oshiro H, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. Targeting altered cancer methionine metabolism with recombinant methioninase (rMETase) overcomes partial gemcitabine-resistance and regresses a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:868-873. [PMID: 29623758 PMCID: PMC6056209 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1445907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a recalcitrant disease. Gemcitabine (GEM) is the most widely-used first-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, but most patients eventually fail. Transformative therapy is necessary to significantly improve the outcome of pancreatic cancer patients. Tumors have an elevated requirement for methionine and are susceptible to methionine restriction. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer to determine the efficacy of recombinant methioninase (rMETase) to effect methionine restriction and thereby overcome GEM-resistance. A pancreatic cancer obtained from a patient was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish the PDOX model. Five weeks after implantation, 40 pancreatic cancer PDOX mouse models were randomized into four groups of 10 mice each: untreated control (n = 10); GEM (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, n = 10); rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10); GEM+rMETase (GEM: 100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 5 weeks, rMETase: 100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 10). Although GEM partially inhibited PDOX tumor growth, combination therapy (GEM+rMETase) was significantly more effective than mono therapy (GEM: p = 0.0025, rMETase: p = 0.0010). The present study is the first demonstrating the efficacy of rMETase combination therapy in a pancreatic cancer PDOX model to overcome first-line therapy resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | | | | | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M. Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA
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38
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Temozolomide regresses a doxorubicin-resistant undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX): precision-oncology nude-mouse model matching the patient with effective therapy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6598-6603. [PMID: 29737543 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma (USCS) is a recalcitrant cancer, resistant to conventional chemotherapy. A patient with high-grade USCS from a striated muscle was implanted orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached 100 mm3 : G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg, p.o., daily, for 14 days). Tumor size and body weight were measured with calipers and a digital balance twice a week. TEM significantly inhibited tumor volume growth compared to the untreated control and the DOX-treated group on day 14 after treatment initiation: control (G1): 343 ± 78 mm3 ; DOX (G2): 308 ± 31 mm3 , P = 0.272; TEM (G3): 85 ± 21 mm3 , P < 0.0001. TEM significantly regressed the tumor volume compared to day 0 (P = 0.019). There were no animal deaths in any group. The body weight of treated mice was not significantly different in any group. Tumors treated with DOX were comprised of spindle-shaped viable cells without apparent necrosis or inflammatory changes. In contrast, tumors treated with TEM showed extensive tumor necrosis. The present study demonstrates the potential power of matching the patient with an effective drug and saving the patient needless toxicity from ineffective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Lwin TM, Hwang HK, Delong JC, Clary BM, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. MEK inhibitors cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic-cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2018; 8:47490-47496. [PMID: 28537897 PMCID: PMC5564580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), obtained from a patient, was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic (PDOX) model. Seven weeks after implantation, PDOX nude mice were divided into the following groups: untreated control (n = 7); gemcitabine (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); cobimetinib (5 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trametinib (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trabectedin (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); temozolomide (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); carfilzomib (2 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); bortezomib (1 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); MK-1775 (20 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); BEZ-235 (45 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); vorinostat (50 mg/kg, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 7). Only the MEK inhibitors, cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed tumor growth, and they were more significantly effective than other therapies (p < 0.0001, respectively), thereby demonstrating the precision of the PDOX models of PDAC and its potential for individualizing pancreatic-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan M Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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40
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Gainor E, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Higuchi T, Oshiro H, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Recombinant methioninase combined with doxorubicin (DOX) regresses a DOX-resistant synovial sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19263-19272. [PMID: 29721200 PMCID: PMC5922394 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a recalcitrant subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). A tumor from a patient with high grade SS from a lower extremity was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. The PDOX mice were randomized into the following groups when tumor volume reached approximately 100 mm3: G1, control without treatment; G2, doxorubicin (DOX) (3 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection, weekly, for 2 weeks; G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G4 DOX (3mg/kg), i.p. weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after treatment initiation, all therapies significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control, except DOX: (DOX: p = 0.48; rMETase: p < 0.005; DOX combined with rMETase < 0.0001). DOX combined with rMETase was significantly more effective than both DOX alone (p < 0.001) and rMETase alone (p < 0.05). The relative body weight on day 14 compared with day 0 did not significantly differ between any treatment group or untreated control. The results indicate that r-METase can overcome DOX-resistance in this recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hiromichi Oshiro
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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41
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Li S, Han Q, Tan Y, Zhao M, Li Y, Nelson SD, Dry SM, Singh AS, Elliott IA, Russell TA, Eckardt MA, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with recombinant methioninase and cisplatinum eradicates an osteosarcoma cisplatinum-resistant lung metastasis in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model: decoy, trap and kill chemotherapy moves toward the clinic. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:801-809. [PMID: 29374999 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1431596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of recurrent cisplatinum (CDDP)-resistant metastatic osteosarcoma was treated with Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which decoys chemoresistant quiescent cancer cells to cycle, and recombinant methioninase (rMETase), which selectively traps cancer cells in late S/G2, and chemotherapy. The PDOX models were randomized into the following groups 14 days after implantation: G1, control without treatment; G2, CDDP (6 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, weekly, for 2 weeks); G3, rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks). G4, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks); G5, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks); G6, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., weekly, for 2 weeks) combined with rMETase (100 unit/mouse, i.p., daily, for 2 weeks) and CDDP (6 mg/kg, i.p. injection, weekly, for 2 weeks). On day 14 after initiation, all treatments except CDDP alone, significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control: (CDDP: p = 0.586; rMETase: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R: p = 0.002; S. typhimurium A1-R combined with rMETase: p = 0.0004; rMETase combined with both S. typhimurium A1-R and CDDP: p = 0.0001). The decoy, trap and kill combination of S. typhimurium A1-R, rMETase and CDDP was the most effective of all therapies and was able to eradicate the metastatic osteosarcoma PDOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA.,c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | | | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- d Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- e Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Irmina A Elliott
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA, USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA, USA
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42
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Individualized doxorubicin sensitivity testing of undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model demonstrates large differences between patients. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:627-633. [PMID: 29384032 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1421876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is often first-line treatment of undifferentiated/unclassified soft tissue sarcoma (USTS). However, the DOX response rate for USTS patients is low. Individualized precision-medicine technology that could identify DOX responders as well as non-responders would be of high value to cancer patients. In the present study, we established 5 patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude mouse models from 5 USTS patients and evaluated the efficacy of DOX in each PDOX model. USTS's were grown orthotopically in the right thigh of nude mice to establish the PDOX models. Two weeks after implantation, the mouse models were randomized into two groups of 8 mice each: untreated control; and DOX (3 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks). DOX showed significant growth inhibition in only 2 USTS PDOX models out of 5 (p = 0.0054, p = 0.0055, respectively) on day 14 after initiation. DOX was ineffective in the other 3 PDOX models. However, even in the DOX-sensitive cases, DOX could not regress the PDOX tumors responding to treatment. The present study has important implications since this is the first in vivo study to compare the DOX sensitivity for USTS on multiple patient tumors. We showed that only two of five USTS were responsive to DOX, despite DOX being first line chemotherapy for USTS. The 3 resistant cases should not be treated with DOX clinically, in order to spare the patients' unnecessary toxicity. This PDOX model is useful for precise individualized drug sensitivity testing, especially for rare heterogeneous recalcitrant sarcomas such as USTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dep artmen t of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Division of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer, Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Department of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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43
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Recombinant methioninase effectively targets a Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35630-35638. [PMID: 28404944 PMCID: PMC5482604 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine dependence is due to the overuse of methionine for aberrant transmethylation reactions in cancer. Methionine dependence may be the only general metabolic defect in cancer. In order to exploit methionine dependence for therapy, our laboratory previously cloned L-methionine α-deamino-γ-mercaptomethane lyase [EC 4.4.1.11]). The cloned methioninase, termed recombinant methioninase, or rMETase, has been tested in mouse models of human cancer cell lines. Ewing's sarcoma is recalcitrant disease even though development of multimodal therapy has improved patients'outcome. Here we report efficacy of rMETase against Ewing's sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. The Ewing's sarcoma was implanted in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Eight Ewing's sarcoma PDOX mice were randomized into untreated control group (n = 4) and rMETase treatment group (n = 4). rMETase (100 units) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) every 24 hours for 14 consecutive days. All mice were sacrificed on day-15, 24 hours after the last rMETase administration. rMETase effectively reduced tumor growth compared to untreated control. The methionine level both of plasma and supernatants derived from sonicated tumors was lower in the rMETase group. Body weight did not significantly differ at any time points between the 2 groups. The present study is the first demonstrating rMETase efficacy in a PDOX model, suggesting potential clinical development, especially in recalcitrant cancers such as Ewing's sarcoma.
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44
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Kawaguchi K, Han Q, Li S, Tan Y, Igarashi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Chmielowski B, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Unno M, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Targeting methionine with oral recombinant methioninase (o-rMETase) arrests a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma: implications for chronic clinical cancer therapy and prevention. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:356-361. [PMID: 29187018 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1405195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The elevated methionine (MET) use by cancer cells is termed MET dependence and may be the only known general metabolic defect in cancer. Targeting MET by recombinant methioninase (rMETase) can arrest the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We previously reported that rMETase, administrated by intra-peritoneal injection (ip-rMETase), could inhibit tumor growth in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of a BRAF-V600E mutant melanoma. In the present study, we compared ip-rMETase and oral rMETase (o-rMETase) for efficacy on the melanoma PDOX. Melanoma PDOX nude mice were randomized into four groups of 5 mice each: untreated control; ip-rMETase (100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase (100 units, p.o., 14 consecutive days); o-rMETase+ip-rMETase (100 units, p.o.+100 units, i.p., 14 consecutive days). All treatments inhibited tumor growth on day 14 after treatment initiation, compared to untreated control (ip-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase, p<0.0001; o-rMETase+ip-rMETase, p<0.0001). o-rMETase was significantly more effective than ip-rMETase (p = 0.0086). o-rMETase+ip-rMETase was significantly more effective than either mono-therapy: ip-rMETase, p = 0.0005; or o-rMETase, p = 0.0367. The present study is the first demonstrating that o-rMETase is effective as an anticancer agent. The results of the present study indicate the potential of clinical development of o-rMETase as an agent for chronic cancer therapy and for cancer prevention and possibly for life extension since dietary MET reduction extends life span in many animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | | | - Shukuan Li
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Yuying Tan
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- e Dept. of Pathology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- d Div. of Hematology-Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- c Dept. of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- f Div. of Surgical Oncology , University of California , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- a AntiCancer , Inc. , San Diego , CA , USA.,b Dept. of Surgery , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA.,g Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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45
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Recombinant methioninase in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) overcomes first-line DOX resistance in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft nude-mouse model of undifferentiated spindle-cell sarcoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 417:168-173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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46
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Igarashi K, Kawaguchi K, Kiyuna T, Miyake K, Miyake M, Singh AS, Eckardt MA, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Kimura H, Miwa S, Tsuchiya H, Singh SR, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R is a highly effective general therapeutic for undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft nude-mouse models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1055-1061. [PMID: 29481803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Undifferentiated soft tissue sarcoma (USTS) is a recalcitrant and heterogeneous subgroup of soft tissue sarcoma with high risk of metastasis and recurrence. Due to heterogeneity of USTS, there is no reliably effective first-line therapy. We have generated tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (S. typhimurium A1-R), which previously showed strong efficacy on single patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models of Ewing's sarcoma and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. In the present study, tumor resected from 4 patients with a biopsy-proven USTS (2 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma [UPS], 1 undifferentiated sarcoma not otherwise specified [NOS] and 1 undifferentiated spindle cell sarcoma [USS]) were grown orthotopically in the biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish PDOX models. One USS model and one UPS model were doxorubicin (DOX) resistant. One UPS and the NOS model were partially sensitive to DOX. DOX is first-line therapy for these diseases. S. typhimurium A1-R arrested tumor growth all 4 models. In addition to arresting tumor growth in each case, S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more efficacious than DOX in each case, thereby surpassing first-line therapy. These results suggest that S. typhimurium A1-R can be a general therapeutic for USTS and possibly sarcoma in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masuyo Miyake
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arun S Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Eckardt
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shree Ram Singh
- Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Tringale KR, Pang J, Nguyen QT. Image-guided surgery in cancer: A strategy to reduce incidence of positive surgical margins. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 10:e1412. [PMID: 29474004 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary treatment for many solid cancers includes surgical excision or radiation therapy, with or without the use of adjuvant therapy. This can include the addition of radiation and chemotherapy after primary surgical therapy, or the addition of chemotherapy and salvage surgery to primary radiation therapy. Both primary therapies, surgery and radiation, require precise anatomic localization of tumor. If tumor is not targeted adequately with initial treatment, disease recurrence may ensue, and if targeting is too broad, unnecessary morbidity may occur to nearby structures or remaining normal tissue. Fluorescence imaging using intraoperative contrast agents is a rapidly growing field for improving visualization in cancer surgery to facilitate resection in order to obtain negative margins. There are multiple strategies for tumor visualization based on antibodies against surface markers or ligands for receptors preferentially expressed in cancer. In this article, we review the incidence and clinical implications of positive surgical margins for some of the most common solid tumors. Within this context, we present the ongoing clinical and preclinical studies focused on the use of intraoperative contrast agents to improve surgical margins. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Tringale
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - John Pang
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Quyen T Nguyen
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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48
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Chmielowski B, Kiyuna T, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Singh A, Unno M, Nelson SD, Russell TA, Dry SM, Li Y, Eilber FC, Hoffman RM. Tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R combined with temozolomide regresses malignant melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85929-85936. [PMID: 27835903 PMCID: PMC5349886 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease in need of transformative therapuetics. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) nude-mouse model of melanoma with a BRAF-V600E mutation to determine the efficacy of temozolomide (TEM) combined with tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R. A melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two weeks after implantation, 40 PDOX nude mice were divided into 4 groups: G1, control without treatment (n = 10); G2, TEM (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days, n = 10); G3, S. typhimurium A1-R (5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 10); G4, TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R (25 mg/kg, administrated orally daily for 14 consecutive days and 5 × 107 CFU/100 μl, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, respectively, n = 10). Tumor sizes were measured with calipers twice a week. On day 14 from initiation of treatment, all treatments significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to untreated control (TEM: p < 0.0001; S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001; TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R: p < 0.0001). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R was significantly more effective than either S. typhimurium A1-R (p = 0.0004) alone or TEM alone (p = 0.0017). TEM combined with S. typhimurium A1-R could regress the melanoma in the PDOX model and has important future clinical potential for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bartosz Chmielowski
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Scott D Nelson
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tara A Russell
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fritz C Eilber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Vemurafenib-resistant BRAF-V600E-mutated melanoma is regressed by MEK-targeting drug trametinib, but not cobimetinib in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) mouse model. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71737-71743. [PMID: 27690220 PMCID: PMC5342117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a recalcitrant disease. The present study used a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of melanoma to test sensitivity to three molecularly-targeted drugs and one standard chemotherapeutic. A BRAF-V600E-mutant melanoma obtained from the right chest wall of a patient was grown orthotopically in the right chest wall of nude mice to establish a PDOX model. Two weeks after implantation, 50 PDOX nude mice were divided into 5 groups: G1, control without treatment; G2, vemurafenib (VEM) (30 mg/kg); G3; temozolomide (TEM) (25 mg/kg); G4, trametinib (TRA) (0.3 mg/kg); and G5, cobimetinib (COB) (5 mg/kg). Each drug was administered orally, daily for 14 consecutive days. Tumor sizes were measured with calipers twice a week. On day 14 from initiation of treatment, TRA, an MEK inhibitor, was the only agent of the 4 tested that caused tumor regression (P < 0.001 at day 14). In contrast, another MEK inhibitor, COB, could slow but not arrest growth or cause regression of the melanoma. First-line therapy TEM could slow but not arrest tumor growth or cause regression. The patient in this study had a BRAF-V600E-mutant melanoma and would be considered to be a strong candidate for VEM as first-line therapy, since VEM targets this mutation. However, VEM was not effective. The PDOX model thus helped identify the very-high efficacy of TRA against the melanoma PDOX and is a promising drug for this patient. These results demonstrate the powerful precision of the PDOX model for cancer therapy, not achievable by genomic analysis alone.
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50
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Patient-derived mouse models of cancer need to be orthotopic in order to evaluate targeted anti-metastatic therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71696-71702. [PMID: 27765934 PMCID: PMC5342112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models of cancer are emerging as an important component of personalized precision cancer therapy. However, most models currently offered to patients have their tumors subcutaneously-transplanted in immunodeficient mice, which rarely metastasize. In contrast, orthotopic-transplant patient-derived models, termed patient-derived orthotopic xenografts (PDOX), usually metastasize as in the patient. We demonstrate in the present report why orthotopic models are so important for the patient, since primary and metastatic tumors developed in an orthotopic model can have differential chemosensitivity, not detectable in standard subcutaneous tumor models. A subcutaneous nude mouse model of HER-2 expressing cervical carcinoma was not sensitive to entinostat (a benzamide histone deactylase inhibitor), which also did not inhibit primary tumor growth in a PDOX model of the same tumor. However, in the PDOX model, entinostat alone significantly reduced the metastatic tumor burden, compared to the control. Thus, only the PDOX model could be used to discover the anti-metastatic activity of entinostat for this patient. The results of the present report indicate the importance of using mouse models that can recapitulate metastatic cancer for precisely individualizing cancer therapy.
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