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Liu Z, Li L, Zhang H, Pang X, Qiu Z, Xiang Q, Cui Y. Platelet factor 4(PF4) and its multiple roles in diseases. Blood Rev 2024; 64:101155. [PMID: 38008700 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Platelet factor 4 (PF4) combines with heparin to form an antigen that could produce IgG antibodies and participate in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). PF4 has attracted wide attention due to its role in novel coronavirus vaccine-19 (COVID-9)-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) and cognitive impairments. The electrostatic interaction between PF4 and negatively charged molecules is vital in the progression of VITT, which is similar to HIT. Emerging evidence suggests its multiple roles in hematopoietic and angiogenic inhibition, platelet coagulation interference, host inflammatory response promotion, vascular inhibition, and antitumor properties. The emerging pharmacological effects of PF4 may help deepen the exploration of its mechanism, thus accelerating the development of targeted therapies. However, due to its pleiotropic properties, the development of drugs targeting PF4 is at an early stage and faces many challenges. Herein, we discussed the characteristics and biological functions of PF4, summarized PF4-mediated signaling pathways, and discussed its multiple roles in diseases to inform novel approaches for successful clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
| | - Longtu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Zhiwei Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
| | - Yimin Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University First Hospital, China; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, China.
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Amanzadeh A, Heidarnejad F, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Molla-Kazemiha V, Yari S, Hadizadeh-Tasbiti A, Habibi-Anbouhi M, Abolhassani M, Shokrgozar MA. Development of high-affinity monoclonal antibody using CD44 overexpressed cells as a candidate for targeted immunotherapy and diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. Hum Antibodies 2017; 26:7-15. [PMID: 28269763 DOI: 10.3233/hab-170315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM CD44s antigens have been suggested as an efficient biomarker for cancer stem cells. Current study aimed to develop a hybridoma that producing a high affinity murine anti-human CD44 monoclonal antibody for early diagnostic laboratory tests of some cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS To make hybridoma against CD44, mice were immunized with MDA-MB-468 cells. Resulted hybridomas using three culture media were screened by indirect ELISA, then cloned by limiting dilution, and isotype was determined after obtaining ascitic fluid and antibody purification. RESULTS We obtained a stable secreting clone, capable of secreting a high-affinity monoclonal antibody against CD44 protein, IgG2a kappa, with the affinity of 5.4 × 10-8 M without cross-reactivity. CONCLUSION We could establish a hybridoma in a native form. This stable and high-affinity anti-CD44 mAb has a potential for diagnostic procedures and laboratory research. Thus, it could be exploited as a suitable tool for target-specific diagnosis and even treatment in several cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibody Affinity
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Clone Cells
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/immunology
- Hybridomas/cytology
- Hybridomas/immunology
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Shamsi Yari
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Abolhassani
- Immunology Department, Hybridoma Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Chen H, Zhang K, Wang S, Xu C, Zou Z, Tao A. Generation and purification of monoclonal antibodies against Der f 2, a major allergen from Dermatophagoides farinae. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:103-8. [PMID: 27210892 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are needed for the quantitation of environmental allergens for precise diagnosis and immunotherapy. In this study, we produced and purified monoclonal antibodies against Der f 2, one of the major allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina, in order to develop an assay for the detection of this allergen. BALB/c mice were immunized four times with the protein Der f 2 together with an adjuvant after which splenocytes were collected and fused with SP2/0 (myeloma cells) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The fused cells were selected in the presence of Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine (HAT) and then Hypoxanthine-Thymidine (HT) medium. Positive cells were screened with ELISA and subcloned by limited dilution at least three times to achieve stable mAb-producing clones. Four stable mAb-producing clones were obtained. One clone with IgG1 isotype and another with IgG2b isotype were chosen to produce large amounts of mAb by inoculation of the cells into the abdominal cavity of mice. Ascites were collected and the mAbs were purified using protein A affinity chromatography. Testing of the ascites by ELISA showed the titration of IgG1 and IgG2b to be higher than 1/10(6) dilution. The specificity of both antibodies was confirmed by immunoblotting. Thus, we produced two mAb clones against Der f 2 that can be used to create a precise quantitative method to identify allergen components in dust samples and facilitate further study in Der f 2 component-resolved diagnosis (CRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology
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Monoclonal antibodies: Principles and applications of immmunodiagnosis and immunotherapy for hepatitis C virus. World J Hepatol 2015. [PMID: 26464752 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2369.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem worldwide. Early detection of the infection will help better management of the infected cases. The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of mice are predominantly used for the immunodiagnosis of several viral, bacterial, and parasitic antigens. Serological detection of HCV antigens and antibodies provide simple and rapid methods of detection but lack sensitivity specially in the window phase between the infection and antibody development. Human mAb are used in the immunotherapy of several blood malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukemia, as well as for autoimmune diseases. In this review article, we will discuss methods of mouse and human monoclonal antibody production. We will demonstrate the role of mouse mAb in the detection of HCV antigens as rapid and sensitive immunodiagnostic assays for the detection of HCV, which is a major health problem throughout the world, particularly in Egypt. We will discuss the value of HCV-neutralizing antibodies and their roles in the immunotherapy of HCV infections and in HCV vaccine development. We will also discuss the different mechanisms by which the virus escape the effect of neutralizing mAb. Finally, we will discuss available and new trends to produce antibodies, such as egg yolk-based antibodies (IgY), production in transgenic plants, and the synthetic antibody mimics approach.
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Tabll A, Abbas AT, El-Kafrawy S, Wahid A. Monoclonal antibodies: Principles and applications of immmunodiagnosis and immunotherapy for hepatitis C virus. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:2369-2383. [PMID: 26464752 PMCID: PMC4598607 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i22.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem worldwide. Early detection of the infection will help better management of the infected cases. The monoclonal antibodies (mAb) of mice are predominantly used for the immunodiagnosis of several viral, bacterial, and parasitic antigens. Serological detection of HCV antigens and antibodies provide simple and rapid methods of detection but lack sensitivity specially in the window phase between the infection and antibody development. Human mAb are used in the immunotherapy of several blood malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukemia, as well as for autoimmune diseases. In this review article, we will discuss methods of mouse and human monoclonal antibody production. We will demonstrate the role of mouse mAb in the detection of HCV antigens as rapid and sensitive immunodiagnostic assays for the detection of HCV, which is a major health problem throughout the world, particularly in Egypt. We will discuss the value of HCV-neutralizing antibodies and their roles in the immunotherapy of HCV infections and in HCV vaccine development. We will also discuss the different mechanisms by which the virus escape the effect of neutralizing mAb. Finally, we will discuss available and new trends to produce antibodies, such as egg yolk-based antibodies (IgY), production in transgenic plants, and the synthetic antibody mimics approach.
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