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Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Rahbarizadeh F. CAR T cells redirected against tumor-specific antigen glycoforms: can low-sugar antigens guarantee a sweet success? Front Med 2022; 16:322-338. [PMID: 35687277 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Immune-based therapies have experienced a pronounced breakthrough in the past decades as they acquired multiple US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for various indications. To date, six chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies have been permitted for the treatment of certain patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. However, several clinical trials of solid tumor CAR-T therapies were prematurely terminated, or they reported life-threatening treatment-related damages to healthy tissues. The simultaneous expression of target antigens by healthy organs and tumor cells is partly responsible for such toxicities. Alongside targeting tumor-specific antigens, targeting the aberrantly glycosylated glycoforms of tumor-associated antigens can also minimize the off-tumor effects of CAR-T therapies. Tn, T, and sialyl-Tn antigens have been reported to be involved in tumor progression and metastasis, and their expression results from the dysregulation of a series of glycosyltransferases and the endoplasmic reticulum protein chaperone, Cosmc. Moreover, these glycoforms have been associated with various types of cancers, including prostate, breast, colon, gastric, and lung cancers. Here, we discuss how underglycosylated antigens emerge and then detail the latest advances in the development of CAR-T-based immunotherapies that target some of such antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran
| | - Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, P.O. Box 44771/66595, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran. .,Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, P.O. Box 14115/111, Iran.
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A cancer-specific anti-podocalyxin monoclonal antibody (60-mG 2a-f) exerts antitumor effects in mouse xenograft models of pancreatic carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100826. [PMID: 33088928 PMCID: PMC7559861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of podocalyxin (PODXL) is associated with progression, metastasis, and poor outcomes in several cancers. PODXL also plays an important role in the development of normal tissues. For antibody-based therapy to target PODXL-expressing cancers using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer-specificity is necessary to reduce the risk of adverse effects to normal tissues. In this study, we developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (CasMab), named as PcMab-60 (IgM, kappa) by immunizing mice with soluble PODXL, which is overexpressed in LN229 glioblastoma cells. The PcMab-60 reacted with the PODXL-overexpressing LN229 (LN229/PODXL) cells and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells in flow cytometry but did not react with normal vascular endothelial cells (VECs), whereas one of non-CasMabs, PcMab-47 showed high reactivity for not only LN229/PODXL and MIA PaCa-2 cells but also VECs, indicating that PcMab-60 is a CasMab. Next, we engineered PcMab-60 into a mouse IgG2a-type mAb, named as 60-mG2a, to add antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). We further developed a core fucose-deficient type of 60-mG2a, named as 60-mG2a-f, to augment its ADCC activity. In vivo analysis revealed that 60-mG2a-f exerted antitumor activity in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models at a dose of 100 μg/mouse/week administered three times. These results suggested that 60-mG2a-f could be useful for antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers. PODXL is associated with poor outcomes in several cancers. We developed an anti-PODXL cancer-specific mAb (PcMab-60). A core fucose-deficient IgG2a type of PcMab-60 (60-mG2a-f) exerted antitumor activity in MIA PaCa-2 xenograft models. 60-mG2a-f could be useful for antibody-based therapy against PODXL-expressing pancreatic cancers.
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Tamayo-Orbegozo E, Amo L, Díez-García J, Amutio E, Riñón M, Alonso M, Arana P, Maruri N, Larrucea S. Emerging Role of Podocalyxin in the Progression of Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020396. [PMID: 32046309 PMCID: PMC7072361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) constitutes a group of heterogeneous malignant lymphoproliferative diseases ranging from indolent to highly aggressive forms. Although the survival after chemo-immunotherapy treatment of mature B-NHL has increased over the last years, many patients relapse or remain refractory due to drug resistance, presenting an unfavorable prognosis. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Podocalyxin (PODXL), a sialomucin overexpressed in a variety of tumor cell types and associated with their aggressiveness, has been implicated in multiple aspects of cancer progression, although its participation in hematological malignancies remains unexplored. New evidence points to a role for PODXL in mature B-NHL cell proliferation, survival, migration, drug resistance, and metabolic reprogramming, as well as enhanced levels of PODXL in mature B-NHL. Here, we review the current knowledge on the contribution of PODXL to tumorigenesis, highlighting and discussing its role in mature B-NHL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Tamayo-Orbegozo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (E.T.-O.); (L.A.)
| | - Laura Amo
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (E.T.-O.); (L.A.)
| | - Javier Díez-García
- Microscopy Facility, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Elena Amutio
- Blood Cancer Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Marta Riñón
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (M.R.); (M.A.); (P.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Marta Alonso
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (M.R.); (M.A.); (P.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Paula Arana
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (M.R.); (M.A.); (P.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Natalia Maruri
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (M.R.); (M.A.); (P.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Susana Larrucea
- Regulation of the Immune System Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Plaza de Cruces 12, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; (M.R.); (M.A.); (P.A.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence:
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