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Kim JH, Baik SH, Chun BC, Song JY, Bae IG, Kim HY, Kim DM, Choi YH, Choi WS, Jo YM, Kwon HH, Jeong HW, Kim YS, Kim JY, Lee J, Kee SY, Hur J, Chung JW, Hwang KE, Kim MJ. Adult invasive pneumococcal disease in the Republic of Korea: Risk medical conditions and mortality stratified by age group. Int J Infect Dis 2018; 74:136-144. [PMID: 30055332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the risk factors for mortality in adult patients with invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) stratified by age groups, after implementation of the national immunization program of 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for those aged ≥65 years in the Republic of Korea (ROK). METHODS Clinical data and pneumococcal isolates from adult patients with IPD (≥18 years of age) were collected prospectively from 20 hospitals through the nationwide surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015. RESULTS A total of 319 patients with IPD were enrolled. Median age was 69 years. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.2%: 17.1% in those aged 18-49 years, 23.7% in those aged 50-64 years, 33.0% in those aged 65-74 years, and 51.0% in those aged ≥75 years (p<0.001). In particular, early death within 7days of hospitalization accounted for 60.6% (66/109). While old age (≥65 years), higher Pitt bacteremia score (≥4), and bacteremic pneumonia were independently associated with IPD mortality in all age groups, an additional mortality risk factor of immunocompromised status was identified for patients aged 50-64 years. PPSV23 serotypes accounted for 64.4% (122/189) of the pneumococcal isolates serotyped. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vaccine-type IPD continues to place a substantial burden on older adults in the ROK, necessitating an effective vaccination strategy for those at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Chun
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Youl Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwa Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hee Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Sook Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacob Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yoon Kee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Chungju Hospital, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian Hur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Won Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Eun Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; The Research Institute of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Song JH, Huh K, Chung DR. Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Asia-Pacific Region. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:839-854. [PMID: 27960208 PMCID: PMC7171710 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Aging population, dense urbanization, and poor access to health care make the Asia-Pacific region vulnerable to CAP. The high incidence of CAP poses a significant health and economic burden in this region. Common etiologic agents in other global regions including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and respiratory viruses are also the most prevalent pathogens in the Asia-Pacific region. But the higher incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei are unique to the region. The high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in S. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae has been raising the need for more prudent use of antibiotics. Emergence and spread of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus deserve attention, while the risk has not reached significant level yet in cases of CAP. Given a clinical and socioeconomic importance of CAP, further effort to better understand the epidemiology and impact of CAP is warranted in the Asia-Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Huh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Doo Ryeon Chung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Schito GC, Marchese A, Elkharrat D, Farrell DJ. Comparative Activity of Telithromycin Against Macrolide-Resistant Isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae:Results of Two Years of the PROTEKT Surveillance Study. J Chemother 2013; 16:13-22. [PMID: 15077994 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2004.16.1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The increase in resistance to macrolides has been linked with increasing use of these agents as empirical therapy for community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs). As part of the ongoing PROTEKT (Prospective Resistant Organism Tracking and Epidemiology for the Ketolide Telithromycin) surveillance program, over 7600 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were collected worldwide from 1999-2001 and evaluated for macrolide resistance. Globally, macrolide resistance was 31-33%, with considerable inter-country variation (<10-88%) and particularly high prevalence in the Far East (>71%). In Europe, France had the most resistant isolates (>53%). The highest rates of macrolide resistance were seen in 0-2 year olds. Co-resistance to clindamycin (64%) and all beta-lactams (14-79%) was seen among macrolide-resistant isolates, but >99% of these isolates were susceptible to telithromycin, vancomycin and linezolid. There was considerable variation in the prevalence of erm(B) (56-64%) and mef(A) (30-35%): erm(B) was prevalent in Europe and mef(A) in North America. Globally, 5-7% isolates carried both mechanisms (erm(B)+mef(A)); of these, 47-65% were from South Korea. These double resistance isolates were >90% resistant to the beta-lactams, except amoxicillin-clavulanate. Clindamycin was active against >98% mef(A) but poorly active against erm(B) and erm(B)+mef(A) isolates. Telithromycin, vancomycin and linezolid were highly active (>99.5%) across all three genotypes. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, telithromycin, vancomycin and linezolid are highly active against antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. Telithromycin may be a useful therapeutic alternative to macrolides for the treatment of CARTIs.
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Choe YJ, Choi EH, Lee HJ. The changing epidemiology of childhood pneumococcal disease in Korea. Infect Chemother 2013; 45:145-58. [PMID: 24265963 PMCID: PMC3780948 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2013.45.2.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide use of antimicrobial agents and 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) has led to major changes in the epidemiology of childhood pneumococcal diseases. In Korea, data on the population-based incidence of childhood invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) are not available; however, institution-based surveillance data suggest a substantial burden of childhood IPD. Following the introduction of the PCV7 in Korea in 2003, the proportion of IPD caused by vaccine-type pneumococci has decreased, while non-PCV7 serotypes, especially serotypes 19A and 6A, whose proportions had been increasing before the introduction of the vaccine, became predominant among childhood IPD isolates. This article reviews the overall impact of PCV7 utilization and summarizes the results obtained so far. Continuous monitoring and gathering of scientific evidence for the epidemiological transition of pneumococcal carriage and IPD will be important for the management of pneumococcal infections in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoan Jong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi WS, Noh JY, Huh JY, Youn YK, Kim MJ, Jo YM, Kim JY, Song JY, Park DW, Kim WJ, Kim MJ, Cheong HJ. Clinical Features of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Korea. Infect Chemother 2010. [DOI: 10.3947/ic.2010.42.3.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Choi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Yeon Huh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Youn
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Mi Jo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ja Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cheong
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ding JJ, Su X, Guo FM, Shi Y, Shao HF, Meng XZ. Comparison of three different PCR-based methods to predict the penicillin nonsusceptibleStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates from China. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:105-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2008.02497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Sombrero L, Nissinen A, Esparar G, Lindgren M, Siira L, Virolainen A. Low incidence of antibiotic resistance among invasive and nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in rural Philippines between 1994 and 2000. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:929-35. [PMID: 18592281 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of acquired antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from nasopharyngeal swabs and blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of 3,028 children hospitalized with signs or symptoms of pneumonia, sepsis, or meningitis in rural Philippines between 1994 and 2000. Pneumococci were identified using standard methods, serotyped, and their susceptibility to oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was determined using the disk diffusion method. Penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oxacillin-resistant isolates were further tested. The clonality of the penicillin-nonsusceptible (PNSP) isolates was analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Altogether 1,048 isolates were analyzed, of which 35 were invasive and 1,013 nasopharyngeal isolates. None was resistant, but 22 (2.1%) were intermediately resistant to penicillin, 4 (0.2%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, 3 (0.2%) to erythromycin, 39 (3.7%) to tetracycline, and 4 (0.2%) to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Twelve of the 22 PNSP isolates were of serotype 14 and of sequence type 63. These included the two invasive PNSP isolates. PFGE profiling further identified three separate clusters among the sequence of type 63, serotype 14 (ST63(14)) isolates. Antimicrobial resistance in both invasive and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal pediatric isolates in rural Philippines is rare. In spite of this remote setting, the PNSP isolates of the serotype 14 clusters were of ST63 type, which has been described previously on other continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sombrero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines
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Zettler EW, Scheibe RM, Dias CAG, Santafé P, Santos DS, Moreira JDS, Fritscher CC. Determination of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from southern Brazil by PCR. Int J Infect Dis 2005; 10:110-5. [PMID: 16310395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 04/07/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the potential clinical applicability of the PCR technique to the early detection of bacterial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS We studied 153 samples of S. pneumoniae, isolated from different anatomic sites, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of specific amplicons from genes that code for penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) 1a, 2b and 2x, which are responsible for penicillin resistance in this organism. The occurrence of these mutated genes was correlated with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, determined by the agar dilution test. RESULTS The rate of penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae in Porto Alegre, Brazil was 22.8% (16.3% intermediate resistance and 6.5% high resistance). In a statistically significant proportion of cases (p < 0.05), penicillin-susceptible samples had no amplicons, intermediate samples had only one (generally from PBP 2x), and highly resistant samples had amplicons from all three PBPs investigated. CONCLUSION These results suggest that penicillin resistance in S. pneumoniae in southern Brazil is on the increase, but is still lower than in other countries, and that PCR could be used for its early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Walker Zettler
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Avenida Ipiranga, 6690 - conjunto 501, Bairro Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre - RS, CEP: 90660-000, Brazil.
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Zettler EW, Scheibe RM, Dias CAG, Santafé P, Moreira JDS, Santos DS, Fritscher CC. A reação em cadeia da polimerase na detecção da resistência à penicilina em Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bras Pneumol 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-37132004000600006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: O Streptococcus pneumoniae é o mais freqüente agente etiológico de infecções respiratórias adquiridas na comunidade e sua resistência aos antimicrobianos tem aumentado nos últimos anos. A determinação da resistência é feita rotineiramente por método lento que depende do crescimento em cultura e determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM). A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) detecta os genes responsáveis pela resistência do Streptococcus pneumoniae a penicilina em cerca de 8 horas. OBJETIVO: Comparar a PCR com o método da CIM no diagnóstico da resistência da Streptococcus pneumoniae a penicilina. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 153 amostras de Streptococcus pneumoniae, isoladas de diferentes sítios anatômicos, usando-se para detecção de mutações nos genes que codificam as proteínas ligadoras de penicilina 1a, 2b e 2x, responsáveis pela resistência à penicilina. A ocorrência das mutações foi correlacionada com a CIM de penicilina, determinada pelo teste de difusão em ágar. RESULTADOS: A resistência global à penicilina do Streptococcus pneumoniae foi de 22,8% (16,3% de resistência intermediária e 6,5% de resistência alta). Em proporções estatisticamente significativas, as amostras sensíveis à penicilina não tinham mutações, as intermediárias apenas uma, geralmente na proteína ligadora de penicilina 2x, e as altamente resistentes tinham mutações nas três proteínas investigadas. CONCLUSÃO: A PCR é um método rápido para a detecção da resistência à penicilina do Streptococcus pneumoniae, que poderá vir a ser utilizado na prática clínica.
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Parry CM, Duong NM, Zhou J, Mai NTH, Diep TS, Thinh LQ, Wain J, Van Vinh Chau N, Griffiths D, Day NPJ, White NJ, Hien TT, Spratt BG, Farrar JJ. Emergence in Vietnam of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents as a result of dissemination of the multiresistant Spain(23F)-1 clone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46:3512-7. [PMID: 12384358 PMCID: PMC128725 DOI: 10.1128/aac.46.11.3512-3517.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2002] [Revised: 07/02/2002] [Accepted: 07/30/2002] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Surveillance for Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents is necessary to define the optimal empirical antibiotic therapy for meningitis in resource-poor countries such as Vietnam. The clinical and microbiological features of 100 patients admitted to the Centre for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, between 1993 and 2002 with invasive pneumococcal disease were studied. A penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcus (MIC, > or =0.1 micro g/ml) was isolated from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of 8% of patients (2 of 24) between 1993 and 1995 but 56% (20 of 36) during 1999 to 2002 (P < 0.0001). Pneumococcal isolates resistant to penicillin (MIC, > or =2.0 micro g/ml) increased from 0% (0 of 24) to 28% (10 of 36) (P = 0.002). Only one isolate was ceftriaxone resistant (MIC, 2.0 micro g/ml). Penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were isolated from 78% of children younger than 15 years (28 of 36) compared with 25% of adults (16 of 64) (P = 0.0001). Isolation of a penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcus in adults with meningitis was independently associated with referral from another hospital (P = 0.005) and previous antibiotic therapy (P = 0.025). Multilocus sequence typing showed that 86% of the invasive penicillin-resistant pneumococcus isolates tested (12 of 14) were of the Spain(23F)-1 clone. The serotypes of >95% of the penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococci were included in the currently available pneumococcal vaccines. Our findings point to the recent introduction and spread of the Spain(23F)-1 clone of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Vietnam. Simple clinical predictors can be used to guide empirical antibiotic therapy of meningitis. Pneumococcal vaccination may help to control this problem.
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Soh SW, Poh CL, Lin RV. Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in Singapore. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2193-6. [PMID: 10898701 PMCID: PMC90039 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.8.2193-2196.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred eighty Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children at a pediatric hospital in Singapore from 1997 to 1999 were serotyped and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Sixty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. Significantly large numbers of the strains investigated were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.8%), tetracycline (71.7%), erythromycin (67.8%), and chloramphenicol (40%). Penicillin and multidrug resistance was mostly associated with the frequently isolated S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes (serotypes 19F, 23F, 6B, and 14). Isolates of serotype 19F, the serotype most commonly encountered in Singapore (41.1%), had the highest prevalence of penicillin (78.4%) and multidrug resistance (94.6%). Most of the invasive S. pneumoniae isolates (8 of 17; 47. 1%) were of serotype 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Soh
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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Shi ZY, Enright MC, Wilkinson P, Griffiths D, Spratt BG. Identification of three major clones of multiply antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Taiwanese hospitals by multilocus sequence typing. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3514-9. [PMID: 9817864 PMCID: PMC105231 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.12.3514-3519.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/1998] [Accepted: 09/24/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate the advantages of a new molecular typing procedure, multilocus sequence typing, for the unambiguous characterization of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. The sequences of approximately 450-bp fragments of seven housekeeping genes were determined for 74 penicillin-resistant Taiwanese isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC of penicillin > 0.5 microgram/ml). The combination of alleles at the seven loci defined an allelic profile for each strain, and a dendrogram, based on the pairwise mismatches in allelic profiles, grouped 86% of the isolates into one of three penicillin-resistant clones for which the MICs of penicillin were 1 to 2 microgram/ml. Isolates within each clone had identical alleles at all seven loci or differed at only a single locus, and the fingerprints of their pbp1A, pbp2B, and pbp2X genes were uniform. Isolates of the Taiwan-19F clone and the Taiwan-23F clone were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin but were susceptible to chloramphenicol. A second serotype 23F clone and serotype 19F variants of this clone were resistant to penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and, in some cases, erythromycin. Comparisons of the allelic profiles of the three major clones with those of reference isolates of the known penicillin-resistant clones showed that the Taiwan-19F and Taiwan-23F clones were previously undescribed, whereas the second serotype 23F clone was indistinguishable from the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 23F clone. Single isolates of the Spanish penicillin-resistant serotype 9V clone and the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 6B clone were also identified in the collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Shi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, United Kingdom
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13
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Wang H, Huebner R, Chen M, Klugman K. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae in china and comparison of MICs by agar dilution and E-test methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42:2633-6. [PMID: 9756768 PMCID: PMC105910 DOI: 10.1128/aac.42.10.2633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/1998] [Accepted: 08/04/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-lactam resistance by Streptococcus pneumoniae is becoming a significant threat to public health worldwide. However, data concerning antibiotic susceptibility patterns in China have not been published. In this study, a total of 79 clinical isolates and 244 nasopharyngeal isolates of S. pneumoniae were recovered between June and November 1997 in Beijing. The agreement between the MICs (+/-1 log2 dilution) of penicillin and ceftriaxone obtained by the agar dilution and E-test methods for the 79 clinical strains was very good (97.5 and 93.7%, respectively). Of these 79 strains, 9 (11.4%) were intermediate and 2 (2.5%) were resistant to penicillin. Of the 244 nasopharyngeal strains, 32 (13.1%) were intermediate and 3 (1. 2%) were resistant to penicillin. The total of 277 penicillin-susceptible clinical and nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were 100% susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime. In the 35 penicillin-intermediate and -resistant nasopharyngeal strains, elevated MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefotaxime were seen for =4 isolates. Of 244 nasopharyngeal isolates, the overall percentages of tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance were 87.6, 74.0, 47.8, 3.7 and 63.3, respectively. Vancomycin and rifampin resistance were not detected. These findings demonstrate that the rate of penicillin-resistant pneumococci is relatively low in China compared to those of other Asian countries. Resistance to non-beta-lactams was much higher than to beta-lactams. The E-test and agar dilution methods appeared to be comparable in identifying resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Kim SW, Choi IH, Kim SN, Kim YH, Pyo SN, Rhee DK. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of dnaK in Streptococcus pneumoniae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1998; 161:217-24. [PMID: 9570114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DnaK is known to be highly conserved in all species and is a major immunogen in Streptococcus pneumoniae. To elucidate the role of dnaK in S. pneumoniae, dnaK was cloned in Escherichia coli using a homologous dnaK probe generated by PCR. The His-tagged DnaK was overexpressed in soluble form and purified from E. coli. Alignment of the deduced DnaK amino acid sequence from nucleotide sequences of the cloned dnaK revealed high homology with DnaK analogs in E. coli (53%) and Staphylococcus aureus (73%). However, anti-pneumococcal DnaK antiserum did not crossreact with DnaK analogs in E. coli, S. aureus and human cells suggesting that pneumococcal DnaK might be a good candidate as a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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