1
|
Choi YJ, Kim S, Dahal RH, Kim J. A Novel Truncated CHAP Modular Endolysin, CHAP SAP26-161, That Lyses Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Clostridioides difficile, and Exhibits Therapeutic Effects in a Mouse Model of A. baumannii Infection. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1718-1726. [PMID: 39081246 PMCID: PMC11380504 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Development of novel antibacterial agents is imperative due to the increasing threat of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study aimed to develop the enhanced antibacterial activity and in-vivo efficacy of a novel truncated endolysin, CHAPSAP26-161, derived from the endolysin LysSAP26, against multidrug-resistant bacteria. CHAPSAP26-161 exhibited higher protein purification efficiency in E. coli and antibacterial activity than LysSAP26. Moreover, CHAPSAP26-161 showed the higher lytic activity against A. baumannii with minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 5-10 μg/ml, followed by Staphylococcus aureus with MBCs of 10-25 μg/ml. Interestingly, CHAPSAP26-161 could lyse anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridioides difficile, with MBCs of 25-50 μg/ml. At pH 4-8 and temperatures of 4°C-45°C, CHAPSAP26-161 maintained antibacterial activity without remarkable difference. The lytic activity of CHAPSAP26-161 was increased with Zn2+. In vivo tests demonstrated the therapeutic effects of CHAPSAP26-161 in murine systemic A. baumannii infection model. In conclusion, CHAPSAP26-161, a truncated endolysin that retains only the CHAP domain from LysSAP26, demonstrated enhanced protein purification efficiency and antibacterial activity compared to LysSAP26. It further displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against S. aureus, A. baumannii, and C. difficile. Our in vitro and in-vivo results of CHAPSAP26-161 highlights its promise as an innovative therapeutic option against those bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Shukho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Hari Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu M, Zeng J. Analysis of factors influencing the risk of secondary infection in patients colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria following hospitalization. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106637. [PMID: 38570103 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We seek to investigate the multifaceted factors influencing secondary infections in patients with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) colonization or infection post-hospitalization. A total of 100 patients with MDR-GNB colonization or infection were retrospectively reviewed, encompassing those admitted to both the general ward and intensive care unit of our hospital from August 2021 to December 2022. Patients were categorized into the control group (non-nosocomial infection, n = 56) and the observation group (nosocomial infection, n = 44) based on the occurrence of nosocomial infection during hospitalization. Clinical data were compared between the two groups, including the distribution and antibiotic sensitivity of MDR-GNB before nosocomial infection. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, underlying diseases, immune status, length of stay, and invasive medical procedures (P < 0.05). The observation group also had fewer patients practicing optimized hygiene, strict isolation, and antibiotic control than the control group (P < 0.05). Factors influencing the risk of secondary infection after hospitalization in patients colonized or infected with MDR-GNB included patient age, underlying diseases, immune status, length of hospitalization, medical invasive procedures, optimized hygiene, strict isolation, and antibiotic control (P < 0.05). The length of hospitalization and treatment cost in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). This study comprehensively analyzes the intricate mechanisms of secondary infections in patients with MDR-GNB infections post-hospitalization. Key factors influencing infection risk include patient age, underlying diseases, immune status, length of hospitalization, medical invasive procedures, optimized hygiene, strict isolation, and antibiotic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan C, Yang M, Mao Y, Fang B, He Y, Li R, Qian S. Effect of Antimicrobial Stewardship 2018 on severe pneumonia with bacterial infection in paediatric intensive care units. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:444-452. [PMID: 37935333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antimicrobial Stewardship 2018 (ASP 18) in China emphasizes the hierarchical control of antimicrobial drugs and the management of physicians' prescribing authority, especially in children. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of implementation of ASP 2018 on antibiotic consumption, resistance, and treatment outcomes in children with severe pneumonia from bacterial infections. METHODS A single center, retrospective study was conducted on 287 children with severe bacterial pneumonia, including 165 patients before intervention (May 2016-April 2018) and 122 patients after intervention (May 2018-April 2020). The antimicrobial resistance rates, antibiotic consumption, and clinical outcomes of the two periods were compared. RESULTS After the implementation of ASP 2018, Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%) became the predominant Gram-positive bacterium. The resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline was significantly reduced (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcus aureus to tetracycline also decreased (P = 0.034). In addition, Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.4%) replaced Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5%) as the most common Gram-negative bacterium. The resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and Acinetobacter baumannii to cefotaxime and SXT decreased significantly (P < 0.02). Total consumption (DDD/100 patient-days) of five antibiotics (cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, antifungal agents, and linezolid) showed a decreasing trend, and the decrease in antifungal agents and linezolid was the most significant (27.4% and 25.6%, P < 0.001). The isolation rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains decreased significantly from the highest, 16.8%, before intervention to 6.7% after intervention (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the implementation of antimicrobial management strategies has significantly reduced the consumption of antibiotics and the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in children with severe bacterial pneumonia in PICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Fan
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Mao
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Boliang Fang
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan He
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rubo Li
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Suyun Qian
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campos IC, Saraiva MMS, Benevides VP, Ferreira TS, Ferreira VA, Almeida AM, Berchieri Junior A. Low temperatures do not impair the bacterial plasmid conjugation on poultry meat. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:711-717. [PMID: 38191970 PMCID: PMC10920582 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Conjugation plays an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes. Besides, this process is influenced by many biotic and abiotic factors, especially temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different conditions of temperature and storage (time and recipient) of poultry meat, intended for the final consumer, affect the plasmid transfer between pathogenic (harboring the IncB/O-plasmid) and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli organisms. The determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ampicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime was performed before and after the conjugation assay. It was possible to recover transconjugants in the poultry meat at all the treatments, also these bacteria showed a significant increase of the MIC for all antimicrobials tested. Our results show that a non-pathogenic E. coli can acquire an IncB/O-plasmid through a conjugation process in poultry meat, even stored at low temperatures. Once acquired, the resistance genes endanger public health especially when it is about critically and highly important antimicrobials to human medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C Campos
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mauro M S Saraiva
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Valdinete P Benevides
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Taísa S Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane A Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Almeida
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health from the School of Agriculture and Veterinarian Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (FCAV-Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shbaita S, Abatli S, Sweileh MW, Aiesh BM, Sabateen A, Salameh HT, AbuTaha A, Zyoud SH. Antibiotic resistance profiles and associated factors of Pseudomonas Infections among patients admitted to large tertiary care hospital from a developing country. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:149. [PMID: 38124074 PMCID: PMC10734127 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas infections are among the most common infections encountered in hospitalized patients, especially those with chronic illnesses or an immunocompromised state. Management of these infections has become challenging due to increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study examines the antibiotic resistance profiles of Pseudomonas spp. and the associated factors among patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in a developing country. METHODS This retrospective observational chart review study assessed patients admitted to a large tertiary hospital in a developing country with a positive culture growth of Pseudomonas from anybody site. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated Pseudomonas and patient characteristics were studied from the start of 2021 to the end of 2022. The study ground consisted of 185 patients. RESULTS The study included 185 patients with positive Pseudomonas isolates. Males constituted 54.6% of the sample, while 45.4% were females. The median age of the patients was 53 years. Patient comorbidities and risk factors for Pseudomonas infection and multidrug resistance were assessed. Antibiotic resistance to the Pseudomonas regimens showed the highest resistance to meropenem and ciprofloxacin (23.4%, similarly) among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was found in 108 (58.4%) isolates. The most commonly used antibiotic for treatment was piperacillin-tazobactam, accounting for 33.3% of cases, followed by aminoglycosides at 26.6%. CONCLUSIONS Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to meropenem and ciprofloxacin. Over half of the isolates were multidrug-resistant, which was worrying. Piperacillin-tazobactam and aminoglycosides were the most often utilized antibiotics, highlighting the significance of susceptibility testing. Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control measures can help reduce drug resistance and improve outcomes in Pseudomonas infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shbaita
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Safaa Abatli
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Mamoun W Sweileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Banan M Aiesh
- Infection Control Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine.
| | - Ali Sabateen
- Infection Control Department, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Husam T Salameh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Adham AbuTaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
- Department of Pathology, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| | - Sa'ed H Zyoud
- Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
- Poison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
- Clinical Research Center, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, 44839, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
da Cruz JER, Saldanha HC, do Nascimento AM, Borges RB, Gomes MDS, Freitas GROE, Leal CM, Ferreira EA, da Silva Filho AA, Morais ER. Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-Biofilm Effects of the Stem Bark, Leaf, and Seed Extracts from Hymenaea courbaril and Characterization by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1601. [PMID: 37998803 PMCID: PMC10668761 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biofilm-forming bacteria are difficult to treat by conventional antibiotic therapy and are, thus, becoming a clinical and epidemiological problem worldwide. Medicinal plants have been identified as novel alternative treatments due to their therapeutic and antimicrobial effects. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial and anti-biofilm potential of nine extracts of Hymenaea courbaril (Fabaceae), popularly known as Jatobá. Furthermore, extracts that exhibited biofilm inhibitory activity against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) were selected for UPLC-HRMS/MS chemical analysis. Our results showed a high total phenolic content, mainly in the stem bark extract, and that the plant is rich in compounds with antioxidant activity. In the anti-biofilm analysis, leaf extracts stood out in comparison with chloramphenicol, with inhibition percentages of 78.29% and 78.85%, respectively. Through chemical analysis by UPLC-HRMS/MS, chrysoeriol-7-O-neohesperidoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and 3,7-di-O-methylquercetin were annotated for the first time in the leaves of H. courbaril. Therefore, these results showed the potential use of H. courbaril as an antioxidant and point to its use in antimicrobial therapy with an anti-biofilm effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatas Emílio Ribeiro da Cruz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Hellyssa Cataryna Saldanha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Andressa Moreira do Nascimento
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Rafaela Barbosa Borges
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Marcos de Souza Gomes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Ramos Oliveira e Freitas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Carla Monteiro Leal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (C.M.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.A.d.S.F.)
| | - Everton Allan Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (C.M.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.A.d.S.F.)
| | - Ademar Alves da Silva Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil; (C.M.L.); (E.A.F.); (A.A.d.S.F.)
| | - Enyara Rezende Morais
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, Rua Major Jerônimo, 566, sala 205, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil; (H.C.S.); (A.M.d.N.); (R.B.B.); (G.R.O.e.F.); (E.R.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren J, Duan S, Wu Y, Wen M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu G. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infection in adult patients following cardiac surgery: clinical characteristics and risk factors. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:472. [PMID: 37735348 PMCID: PMC10512613 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of infections with multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) pose great challenges for anti-infective therapy. Previous research on MDRO infections after cardiac surgery was limited. Therefore, understanding and mastering the clinical characteristics and risk predictors of MDRO infection after cardiac surgery is of great significance for standardized management of perioperative patients. METHODS The medical records of adult patients with MDRO infection after cardiac surgery from January 2018 to October 2021 were collected, and patients were divided into MDR infection group (n = 176) and non-MDR infection group (n = 233). Univariate and multivariate regression analysis of variables was performed to determine the risk predictors of MDRO infection. RESULTS The incidence of MDRO infection was 8.6%. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most common, accounting for 37.3%, 23.5% and 18.0%, respectively. The main infection type were lower respiratory tract infection (LTRI = 29.0%). Univariate analysis showed that underwent coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (P = 0.001) and secondary operation (P = 0.008), pre-infection exposure to vancomycin (P < 0.001) and linezolid (P = 0.002), combination antibiotics (P < 0.001), four antibiotics in combination (P = 0.005), glucocorticoid use (P = 0.029), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.003) were risk factors for post-operative MDRO infection. Multivariate regression analysis showed that underwent CABG (OR = 1.228, 95%CI = 1.056∽1.427, P = 0.008), secondary operation (OR = 1.910, 95%CI = 1.131∽3.425, P = 0.015) and pre-infection exposure to linezolid (OR = 3.704, 95%CI = 1.291∽10.629, P = 0.005) were independent risk predictors for MDRO infection. The risk of MDRO infection increased with the length of stay in the ICU (P < 0.001) and the length of stay before diagnosis of infection (P = 0.003), and the difference was statistically significant. Meanwhile, the length of stay after infection (P = 0.005) and the total length of hospital stay (P < 0.001) were significantly longer in the MDRO infection group, and the all-cause mortality was numerically higher in the MDRO infection group (31.3% versus 23.2%). CONCLUSIONS The morbidity and mortality of MDRO infection was high in adult cardiac surgery, and many risk factors influence the occurrence of MDRO infection. In the future, clinicians should focus on high-risk patients, strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration on infection prevention and control measures, reduce the morbidity and mortality of MDRO infection, and improve the prognosis of in-hospital patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengchen Duan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuanxing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingxiu Wen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yulei Liu
- Department of Microbiological laboratory, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guangfa Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seijas-Pereda L, Rescalvo-Casas C, Hernando-Gozalo M, Angmorkie-Eshun V, Agyei E, Adu-Gyamfi V, Sarsah I, Alfonso-Romero M, Cuadros-González J, Soliveri-de Carranza J, Pérez-Tanoira R. The Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Rates of Enterobacterales in a Rural Hospital from the Eastern Region, Ghana: A Retrospective Study, 2022. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 37627741 PMCID: PMC10451727 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Low- and middle-income countries bear a disproportionate burden of antimicrobial resistance and often lack adequate surveillance due to a paucity of microbiological studies. In this 2022 study, our goal was to contribute to a more precise antimicrobial treatment by understanding the prevalence of resistance in a rural environment, promoting antibiotic stewardship, and raising awareness about antimicrobial resistance. We assessed the prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Enterobacterales in clinical samples from 2905 patients being treated at Saint Dominic's Hospital, Akwatia, in the countryside of the Eastern Region, Ghana, in the year 2022. To this purpose, the samples were cultured on agar plates prepared in the laboratory using purified Oxoid™ Thermo Scientific™ agar (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA, USA). Cystine Lactose Electrolyte-Deficient (CLED) agar was used for urine samples, while blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar were used for the rest of the specimens tested (HVS, blood, BFA, sputum). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined on site using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test). MDR bacteria accounted for more than half (53.7%) of all microorganisms tested for three or more antibiotics and 37.3% of these were XDR. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with acquiring MDR/XDR bacteria. The results showed an increased likelihood of MDR acquisition linked to being male (OR 2.39, p < 0.001 for MDR and OR 1.95, p = 0.027 for XDR), higher age (OR 1.01, p = 0.049 for MDR), non-sputum samples (OR 0.32, p = 0.009 for MDR), and urine samples (OR 7.46, p < 0.001 for XDR). These findings emphasize the urgency for surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance; to this end, making accurate diagnostics, studying the microorganism in question, and conducting susceptibility testing is of the utmost importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Seijas-Pereda
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.S.-d.C.)
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carlos Rescalvo-Casas
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.S.-d.C.)
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marcos Hernando-Gozalo
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vida Angmorkie-Eshun
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia P.O. Box 59, Ghana; (V.A.-E.); (E.A.); (V.A.-G.); (I.S.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Eunice Agyei
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia P.O. Box 59, Ghana; (V.A.-E.); (E.A.); (V.A.-G.); (I.S.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Vivian Adu-Gyamfi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia P.O. Box 59, Ghana; (V.A.-E.); (E.A.); (V.A.-G.); (I.S.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Isaac Sarsah
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia P.O. Box 59, Ghana; (V.A.-E.); (E.A.); (V.A.-G.); (I.S.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Maite Alfonso-Romero
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Saint Dominic’s Hospital, Akwatia P.O. Box 59, Ghana; (V.A.-E.); (E.A.); (V.A.-G.); (I.S.); (M.A.-R.)
| | - Juan Cuadros-González
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.S.-d.C.)
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan Soliveri-de Carranza
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.S.-d.C.)
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.-C.); (J.C.-G.); (J.S.-d.C.)
- Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shoaib M, He Z, Geng X, Tang M, Hao R, Wang S, Shang R, Wang X, Zhang H, Pu W. The emergence of multi-drug resistant and virulence gene carrying Escherichia coli strains in the dairy environment: a rising threat to the environment, animal, and public health. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197579. [PMID: 37520353 PMCID: PMC10382034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the intestinal microbiota and is responsible for udder infection in dairy cattle and gastro-urinary tract infections in humans. We isolated E. coli strains from a dairy farm environment in Xinjiang, China, and investigated their epidemiological characteristics, phenotypic and genotypic resistance to antimicrobials, virulence-associated genes, and phylogenetic relationship. A total of 209 samples were collected from different sources (feces, slurry, water, milk, soil) and cultured on differential and selective agar media (MAC and EMB). The presumptive identification was done by the VITEK2 system and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene amplification by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by micro-dilution assay, and genomic characterization was done by simple and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 338 E. coli strains were identified from 141/209 (67.5%) of the samples. Most of the E. coli strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (62.43%), followed by cefotaxime (44.08%), ampicillin (33.73%), ciprofloxacin (31.36%), tetracycline (28.99%), and a lesser extent to florfenicol (7.99%), gentamicin (4.44%), amikacin (1.77%), and fosfomycin (1.18%). All of the strains were susceptible to meropenem, tigecycline, and colistin sulfate. Among the resistant strains, 44.4% were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) showing resistance to at least one antibiotic from ≥3 classes of antibiotics. Eighteen out of 20 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) were detected with sul2 (67.3%), blaTEM (56.3%), gyrA (73.6%), tet(B) (70.4%), aph(3)-I (85.7%), floR (44.4%), and fosA3 (100%, 1/1) being the predominant genes among different classes of antibiotics. Among the virulence-associated genes (VAGs), ompA was the most prevalent (86.69%) followed by ibeB (85.0%), traT (84.91%), ompT (73.96%), fyuA (23.1%), iroN (23.1%), and irp2 gene (21.9%). Most of the E. coli strains were classified under phylogenetic group B1 (75.45%), followed by A (18.34%), C (2.96%), D (1.18%), E (1.18%), and F (0.30%). The present study identified MDR E. coli strains carrying widely distributed ARGs and VAGs from the dairy environment. The findings suggested that the dairy farm environment may serve as a source of mastitis-causing pathogens in animals and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes carrying bacterial strains to humans via contaminated milk and meat, surface water and agricultural crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma J, Zhou W, Wu J, Liu X, Lin J, Ji X, Lin H, Wang J, Jiang H, Zhou Q, Zhao G, Yang H, Tang B. Large-Scale Studies on Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Escherichia coli from Food Animals in Developed Areas of Eastern China. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0201522. [PMID: 35950758 PMCID: PMC9430128 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02015-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely distributed multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria threaten animals and human health. Nevertheless, few antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveys of large-scale animal-derived bacteria have been explored. Here, 1,468 (97.54%) Escherichia coli strains were isolated from 1,505 pig (1,060) and chicken (445) anal swab samples from 11 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, in 2020. These isolates had a high resistance to tetracycline (92.92%), sulfisoxazole (93.05%), florfenicol (83.11%), and ampicillin (78.27%). More than 88.68% of the strains were MDR bacteria. A low AMR ratio to the "last-resort" antimicrobials tigecycline (0.75%), colistin (1.36%), and meropenem (0.75%) were found. The AMR of E. coli from pigs was higher than that of chickens. Eighteen strains among 31 MDR strains that were resistant to "last-resort" antimicrobials could transfer the AMR genes (mcr-1, tet(X), and blaNDM) to the recipient strain J53, which confer colistin, tigecycline, and carbapenem resistance, respectively. The homology among mcr-1-carrying isolates was relatively high, and the sequence types were mainly ST5529, ST101, and ST354, while the homology of isolates harboring tet(X4) and blaNDM-5 genes were different. The mcr-1, blaNDM-5, and tet(X4) genes in strains LS45, JH51, and TZ118 were identified on the Incl2, IncHI2, and IncX1 plasmids, respectively. Moreover, tet(A), sul2, floR, and blaTEM-1B were the most common ARGs in 31 strains. Additionally, the heavy metals copper and zinc had a significant correlation with amoxicillin/clavulanate and tetracycline resistance. Controlling the movement of animals between cities and reducing the use of antimicrobials are effective methods to reduce the threat of AMR bacteria. IMPORTANCE Pigs and chickens are the most common food animals that are the important vectors for spreading antimicrobial-resistant pathogens among animals and humans. Limited systematic AMR monitoring of these food animal origin bacteria had been reported, especially in developed areas of China. Our study provides a comprehensive and systematic study of AMR in Escherichia coli from eastern China. The AMR of E. coli strains among the animals or cities has statistically significant differences. Moreover, the mcr-1, tet(X4), and blaNDM-5 genes, considered resistant to the last line of AMR, were identified in part of farms. The transferability and the prevalence of these AMR strains were intensively studied. Our monitoring is comparable to human clinical research and has an essential reference for public health safety. These findings will provide early warning for AMR strains and guide the clinical use of antibiotics to control the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Food Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjin Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antimicrobial, Antivirulence, and Antiparasitic Potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Extracts and Their Isolated Compound Capsaicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091154. [PMID: 36139934 PMCID: PMC9495104 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections increase morbimortality rates and hospital costs. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the crude extract from the seeds and peel of the pepper Capsicum chinense Jacq. and of the isolated compound capsaicin and to evaluate their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, eradicate biofilm, and reduce hemolysin production by Candida species. The crude ethanolic and hexane extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The antimicrobial activity of the samples was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm eradication by the samples were evaluated based on biomass and cell viability. Reduction of Candida spp. hemolytic activity by the samples was determined on sheep blood agar plates. The antiparasitic action of the samples was evaluated by determining their ability to inhibit Toxoplasma gondii intracellular proliferation. LC–MS-ESI analyses helped to identify organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, and fatty acids in the ethanolic extracts, as well as capsaicinoids and fatty acids in the hexane extracts. Antifungal action was more evident against C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The samples inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilm formed by C. tropicalis more effectively. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of the samples significantly reduced the C. glabrata and C. tropicalis hemolytic activity. The samples only altered host cell viability when tested at higher concentrations; however, at non-toxic concentrations, they reduced T. gondii growth. In association with gold standard drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis, capsaicin improved their antiparasitic activity. These results are unprecedented and encouraging, indicating the Capsicum chinense Jacq. peel and seed extracts and capsaicin display antifungal and antiparasitic activities.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new type of cytokine, is involved in processes such as tissue repair, inflammatory response, and immune response. However, its function in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected circulating IL-38 and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in adults affected by early stage pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. Collected clinical data of these patients, such as the APACHE II score, levels of PCT, and oxygenation index when they entering the ICU. Using P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia WT murine model to evaluate the effect of IL-38 on Treg differentiation, cell apoptosis, survival, tissue damage, inflammation, and bacterial removal. RESULTS In clinical research, although IL-38 is significantly increased during the early stages of clinical P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the concentration of IL-38 in the serum of patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia was relatively lower than that of surviving patients. It reveals IL-38 may insufficiently secreted in patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Besides, the serum IL-38 level of patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia on the day of admission to the ICU showed significantly positive correlations with IL-10 and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio but negative correlations with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, APACHE II score, and PCT In summary, IL-38 might be a molecule for adjuvant therapy in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In experimental animal models, first recombinant IL-38 improved survival, whereas anti-IL-38 antibody reduced survival in the experimental pneumonia murine model. Secondly, IL-38 exposure reduced the inflammatory response, as suggested by the lung injury, and reduced cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL- 17A, TNF-α, and IL-8, but not IL-10). It also increased bacterial clearance and reduced cell apoptosis in the lungs. Furthermore, IL-38 was shown to reduce TBK1 expression in vitro when naive CD4+ T lymphocytes were differentiated to Tregs and played a protective role in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the above findings provide additional insights into the mechanism of IL-38 in the treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Collapse
|
13
|
Castro Jara M, Silva ACA, Ritter M, da Silva AF, Gonçalves CL, dos Santos PR, Borja LS, de Pereira CMP, da Silva Nascente P. Dihydropyrimidinones Against Multiresistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:743213. [PMID: 35369453 PMCID: PMC8973396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.743213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has led to high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a major public health problem, requiring the discovery of novel antimicrobial substances. The biological samples were identified as the Gram-negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morgannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and the Gram-positive cocci Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus, all of them resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was checked in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the broth microdilution method and plating in brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, respectively. The chemical characterization of the compounds was performed by measuring the melting point and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) on a Shimadzu GC–MS-QP system 2010SE. Synthetic compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci at MIC concentrations 0.16–80 μg/ml and Gram-negative bacilli at MIC concentrations 23.2–80 μg/ml. Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus had the best MIC values. The results of the cytotoxicity test indicated that the synthetic compounds showed no significant difference in three concentrations tested (5, 20, and 80 μg/ml), allowing cell viability not different from that assigned to the control, without the tested compounds. In this context, the development of DHPM derivatives brings an alternative and perspective on effectiveness of drugs as potential future antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Castro Jara
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marisa Castro Jara,
| | - Allison Carlos Assunção Silva
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marina Ritter
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rassier dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sisconetto Borja
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Martin Pereira de Pereira
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Nascente
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|