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Son Y, Jin YB, Cho EJ, Park AR, Flores RA, Nguyen BT, Lee SY, Altanzul B, Park KI, Min W, Kim WH. Comparative Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Characteristics of Two Major Enterococcus Species from Poultry Slaughterhouses in South Korea. Vet Sci 2024; 11:180. [PMID: 38668447 PMCID: PMC11054628 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in the poultry industry poses significant public health challenges due to multidrug resistance and biofilm formation. We investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles and biofilm characteristics of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from chicken meat in poultry slaughterhouses in South Korea. Ninety-six isolates (forty-eight each of E. faecalis and E. faecium) were collected between March and September 2022. Both species were analyzed using MALDI-TOF, PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and biofilm assays. A high level of multidrug resistance was observed in E. faecalis (95.8%) and E. faecium (93.8%), with E. faecium exhibiting a broader range of resistance, particularly to linezolid (52.1%) and rifampicin (47.9%). All E. faecalis isolates formed biofilm in vitro, showing stronger biofilm formation than E. faecium with a significant difference (p < 0.001) in biofilm strength. Specific genes (cob, ccf, and sprE) were found to be correlated with biofilm strength. In E. faecium isolates, biofilm strength was correlated with resistance to linezolid and rifampicin, while a general correlation between antibiotic resistance and biofilm strength was not established. Through analysis, correlations were noted between antibiotics within the same class, while no general trends were evident in other analyzed factors. This study highlights the public health risks posed by multidrug-resistant enterococci collected from poultry slaughterhouses, emphasizing the complexity of the biofilm-resistance relationship and the need for enhanced control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwoo Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Eun-Jeong Cho
- Gyeongnam Veterinary Service Laboratory, Jinju 52733, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.C.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Ae Ra Park
- Gyeongnam Veterinary Service Laboratory, Jinju 52733, Republic of Korea; (E.-J.C.); (A.R.P.)
| | - Rochelle A. Flores
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Bujinlkham Altanzul
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Kwang Il Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Wongi Min
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
| | - Woo H. Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (Y.S.); (Y.B.J.); (R.A.F.); (B.T.N.); (S.Y.L.); (B.A.); (K.I.P.); (W.M.)
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Zaidi SEZ, Zaheer R, Barbieri R, Cook SR, Hannon SJ, Booker CW, Church D, Van Domselaar G, Zovoilis A, McAllister TA. Genomic Characterization of Enterococcus hirae From Beef Cattle Feedlots and Associated Environmental Continuum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859990. [PMID: 35832805 PMCID: PMC9271880 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are commensal bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, animals, and insects. They are also found in soil, water, and plant ecosystems. The presence of enterococci in human, animal, and environmental settings makes these bacteria ideal candidates to study antimicrobial resistance in the One-Health continuum. This study focused on Enterococcus hirae isolates (n = 4,601) predominantly isolated from beef production systems including bovine feces (n = 4,117, 89.5%), catch-basin water (n = 306, 66.5%), stockpiled bovine manure (n = 24, 0.5%), and natural water sources near feedlots (n = 145, 32%), and a few isolates from urban wastewater (n = 9, 0.2%) denoted as human-associated environmental samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of a subset (n = 1,319) of E. hirae isolates originating from beef production systems (n = 1,308) showed high resistance to tetracycline (65%) and erythromycin (57%) with 50.4% isolates harboring multi-drug resistance, whereas urban wastewater isolates (n = 9) were resistant to nitrofurantoin (44.5%) and tigecycline (44.5%) followed by linezolid (33.3%). Genes for tetracycline (tetL, M, S/M, and O/32/O) and macrolide resistance erm(B) were frequently found in beef production isolates. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. hirae isolates recovered from different environmental settings appeared to reflect the kind of antimicrobial usage in beef and human sectors. Comparative genomic analysis of E. hirae isolates showed an open pan-genome that consisted of 1,427 core genes, 358 soft core genes, 1701 shell genes, and 7,969 cloud genes. Across species comparative genomic analysis conducted on E. hirae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium genomes revealed that E. hirae had unique genes associated with vitamin production, cellulose, and pectin degradation, traits which may support its adaptation to the bovine digestive tract. E. faecium and E. faecalis more frequently harbored virulence genes associated with biofilm formation, iron transport, and cell adhesion, suggesting niche specificity within these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani-e-Zehra Zaidi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Ruth Barbieri
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shaun R. Cook
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Deirdre Church
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Calgary Laboratory Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Tim A. McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tim A. McAllister,
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