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Liu Y, Li F, Fang Y, Zhong Q, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Zhu J, Zhao C, Cao X, Xiong J, Hu L. Clinical Characteristics, Prognosis and Treatment of Bloodstream Infections with Enterobacter Cloacae Complex in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital: A Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1811-1825. [PMID: 38741943 PMCID: PMC11090197 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s460744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC). Methods The clinical data of patients with bloodstream infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae complex from April 2017 to June 2023 were collected retrospectively. These data were then analyzed in subgroups based on the detection results of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), 30-day mortality, and the type of antimicrobial agent used (β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations (BLICs) or carbapenems). Results The proportion of ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex was 32.5% (37/114). Meanwhile, ICU admission, receiving surgical treatment within 3 months, and biliary tract infection were identified as risk factors for ESBL-producing ECC-BSI. Additionally, immunocompromised status and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 6.0 were identified as independent risk factors of 30-day mortality in patients with ECC-BSI (n = 108). Further analysis in BSI patients caused by non-ESBL-producing ECC revealed that patients treated with BLICs (n = 45) had lower SOFA scores and lower incidence of hypoproteinemia and sepsis compared with patients treated with carbapenems (n = 20). Moreover, in non-ESBL-producing ECC-BSI patients, the univariate Cox regression analysis indicated a significantly lower 30-day mortality rate in patients treated with BLICs compared to those treated with carbapenems (hazard ratios (HR) [95% CI] 0.190 [0.055-0.662], P = 0.009; adjusted HR [95% CI] 0.106 [0.013-0.863], P = 0.036). Conclusion This study investigated the factors influencing the susceptibility to infection by ESBL-producing strains and risk factors for 30-day mortality in ECC-BSI patients. The results revealed that ESBL-negative ECC-BSI patients treated with BLICs exhibited significantly lower 30-day mortality compared to those treated with carbapenems. BLICs were found to be more effective in ECC-BSI patients with milder disease (ESBL-negative and SOFA ≤6.0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youling Fang
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoshi Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuwen Zhao
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingwei Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiu Xiong
- Department of Nursing, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longhua Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Chelaru EC, Muntean AA, Hogea MO, Muntean MM, Popa MI, Popa GL. The Importance of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in African Countries: Evolution and Current Burden. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:295. [PMID: 38666971 PMCID: PMC11047529 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worldwide healthcare problem. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) can spread quickly owing to their resistance mechanisms. Although colonized individuals are crucial for MDRO dissemination, colonizing microbes can lead to symptomatic infections in carriers. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are among the most important MDROs involved in colonizations and infections with severe outcomes. This review aimed to track down the first reports of CPE in Africa, describe their dissemination throughout African countries and summarize the current status of CRE and CPE data, highlighting current knowledge and limitations of reported data. Two database queries were undertaken using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), employing relevant keywords to identify articles that had as their topics beta-lactamases, carbapenemases and carbapenem resistance pertaining to Africa or African regions and countries. The first information on CPE could be traced back to the mid-2000s, but data for many African countries were established after 2015-2018. Information is presented chronologically for each country. Although no clear conclusions could be drawn for some countries, it was observed that CPE infections and colonizations are present in most African countries and that carbapenem-resistance levels are rising. The most common CPE involved are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, and the most prevalent carbapenemases are NDM-type and OXA-48-type enzymes. Prophylactic measures, such as screening, are required to combat this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar-Costin Chelaru
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Andrei-Alexandru Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai-Octav Hogea
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Mădălina-Maria Muntean
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
| | - Mircea-Ioan Popa
- Department of Microbiology II, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (E.-C.C.); (A.-A.M.); (M.-O.H.); (M.-M.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriela-Loredana Popa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Parasitic Disease Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Dimani BD, Founou RC, Zemtsa JR, Mbossi A, Koudoum PL, Founou LL, Kouanfack C, Sone LHE. Faecal carriage of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in people living with HIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:26-34. [PMID: 37553020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a global health issue with multidimensional repercussions. There is a paucity of data regarding the molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) and extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in Africa, especially among people living with HIV (PLHIV). This study aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors, phenotypic and genotypic profiles of MDR-E and ESBL-PE isolated from PLHIV in Yaoundé, Cameroon. METHODS In total, samples were collected from 185 PLHIV during a three-month period (April-June 2021) at the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Stool samples and rectal swabs were collected and cultured on MacConkey agar. The API 20E kit was used for the phenotypic identification of the isolates, whereas antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The ß-lactamase genes and genotypic relatedness were studied by PCR and ERIC-PCR, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of MDR-E among PLHIV was 81%, of which 39% were ESBL-PE. A high level of resistance to fosfomycin (89%), chloramphenicol (63%), and gentamicin (56%) was observed. Escherichia coli was the predominant MDR non-ESBL-PE (80.8%) and MDR ESBL-PE (73.77%). The principal ß-lactamases genes in MDR non-ESBL and MDR ESBL-PE were blaTEM (62.90%) and blaCTX-M (40.86%), respectively. Genetic fingerprinting revealed high genetic relatedness among E. coli isolates. CONCLUSION This study shows a high prevalence of MDR-E and ESBL-PE in the gut of PLHIV in Yaoundé, with blaTEM and blaCTX-M being the most prevalent. It demonstrates the need to strengthen real-time surveillance of these resistant bacteria in order to improve management of infection among PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Davy Dimani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Microbiology-Haematology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jessica Ravalona Zemtsa
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Aurélia Mbossi
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Patrice Landry Koudoum
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases (ARID) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Luria Leslie Founou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Antimicrobial Research Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé, Cameroon; Bioinformatics and Applied Machine Learning Research Unit, EDEN Biosciences Research Institute (EBRI), EDEN Foundation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Charles Kouanfack
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Lucien Honoré Etame Sone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Intestinal colonization with multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales: screening, epidemiology, clinical impact, and strategies to decolonize carriers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:229-254. [PMID: 36680641 PMCID: PMC9899200 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The clinical impact of infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (Ent) has reached dramatic levels worldwide. Infections due to these multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens-especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-may originate from a prior asymptomatic intestinal colonization that could also favor transmission to other subjects. It is therefore desirable that gut carriers are rapidly identified to try preventing both the occurrence of serious endogenous infections and potential transmission. Together with the infection prevention and control countermeasures, any strategy capable of effectively eradicating the MDR-Ent from the intestinal tract would be desirable. In this narrative review, we present a summary of the different aspects linked to the intestinal colonization due to MDR-Ent. In particular, culture- and molecular-based screening techniques to identify carriers, data on prevalence and risk factors in different populations, clinical impact, length of colonization, and contribution to transmission in various settings will be overviewed. We will also discuss the standard strategies (selective digestive decontamination, fecal microbiota transplant) and those still in development (bacteriophages, probiotics, microcins, and CRISPR-Cas-based) that might be used to decolonize MDR-Ent carriers.
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Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Lactose Fermenting Bacteria Colonizing Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Sickle Cell Disease and Diabetes Mellitus in Mwanza City, Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7080144. [PMID: 35893652 PMCID: PMC9332460 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rectal carriage of extended spectrum β-lactamase-lactose fermenters (ESBL-LF) is the major risk factor for the development of subsequent endogenous infections. This study determined the patterns and factors associated with the rectal carriage of ESBL-LF among children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), and Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) attending clinics at different health care facilities in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children living with HIV (n = 236), DM (n = 42) and SCD (n = 126) between July and September 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Rectal swabs/stool samples were collected and processed to detect the rectal carriage of ESBL-LF following laboratory standard operating procedures (SOPs). Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 13.0. The overall prevalence of ESBL-LF carriage was 94/404 (23.3%). Significantly higher resistance was observed to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline among Enterobacteriaceae isolated from HIV infected children than in non-HIV infected children (p < 0.05). The commonest ESBL allele 45/62 (72.6%) detected was blaCTX-M. Generally, a parent’s low education level was found to be associated with ESBL-LF colonization among children living with HIV; (OR 4.60 [95%CI] [1.04−20], p = 0.044). A higher proportion of ESBL-LF from DM 10/10 (100%) carried ESBL genes than ESBL-LF from HIV 37/56 (66.1%) and SCD 15/28 (53.6%), p = 0.02. There is a need to collect more data regarding trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) prophylaxis and antibiotic resistance to guide the decision of providing SXT prophylaxis in HIV-infected children especially at this time, when testing and treatment is carried out.
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Gastrointestinal colonization of Extended-Spectrum Beta lactamase producing bacteria among children below five years of age hospitalized with fever in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:107-114. [PMID: 35667646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal colonization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) is of concern because prior colonization increases risk for subsequent infections. To date, the link between ESBL-PE fecal carriage and the risk of subsequent ESBL-PE infection has not been well established, and information on carriage of such pathogens among children with invasive infections such as blood stream infections (BSI) remains to be explored worldwide. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among childrenunder the age of 5 years admitted for febrile illness in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between March 2017 and July 2018. We used rectal swabs to screen for ESBL-PE using selective media, ChromID® ESBL. Bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF.Blood cultures were drawn from all children. Antimicrobial susceptibility testingwas done using disk diffusion method. ESBL alleles were identified by Real-Time PCR and sequencing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ESBL-PE carriage was 56% (112/200) and washighestamong children 4-6 months old (17/21, 81%) (p =0.05). Children with BSI had high ESBL-PE carriage (78.4%) compared to those without BSI (53.1%)(p=0.02; AOR 3.4, 95% CI1.20-9.58).The most common isolate was E.coli (64/112, 45%). Sixteen pairs of ESBL-PEisolates(from the gut and from blood)had similar antimicrobial susceptibility profile. We detectedblaCTX-M gene in 97% of all phenotypically detected ESBL-PE; among those,blaCTX-M-15 was dominant (99%). CONCLUSIONS We report a high prevalence of ESBL-PEfecal carriage among children with BSI in Tanzania. Colonization of ESBL-PEwasa risk factor for ESBL-BSI.
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Zemtsa RJ, Noubom M, Founou LL, Dimani BD, Koudoum PL, Mbossi AD, Kouanfack C, Founou RC. Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) - Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Carriage Samples among HIV Infected Women in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050504. [PMID: 35631025 PMCID: PMC9143656 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The exacerbation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a scarcity of data regarding multidrug-resistant (resistance to at least one antibiotic of three or more families of antibiotics) as well as extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE), isolated among clinical and asymptomatically healthy patients, especially in women living with HIV (WLHIV) despite their immunocompromised status. The overarching aim of this study was set to determine the prevalence and characterize genotypically multi-drug resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) and ESBL- PE isolated from vaginal swabs of WLHIV attending the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon. A cross-sectional study was conducted among WLHIV during a four-month periods from 1 February to 31 May 2021. A total of 175 WLHIV, of childbearing age and under antiretroviral treatment were contacted. One hundred and twenty participants (120) were recruited and vaginal swabs were collected from them. After culture on Eosine-Methylen Blue (EMB) agar, the identification of Enterobacterales was performed using API 20E kit. A double-screening of ESBL-PE was performed using a combined disc diffusion method and ROSCO Diagnostica kits. An antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out by disc diffusion as per the Kirby-Bauer method and the β-lactamase resistance genes, blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-group1-2-9, blaTEM were molecularly characterized using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Overall, 30.83% (37/120) of the included WLHIV were colonized with Enterobacterales and the prevalence of vaginal carriage of MDR Enterobacterales among them was 62.16% (23/37). Among MDR-E isolates, the most prevalent species were E. coli (56.0%; 14/25) and K. pneumoniae (20.0%; 5/25). High rates of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (96.0%; 24/25), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (88.0%; 22/25) and gentamicin (72%; 18/25) were observed. The resistance mechanisms detected among these isolates were ESBL (48.0%; 12/25), ESBL+ porin loss (8.0%; 2/25), ESBL+AmpC (24%; 6/25), with blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-group-1,2,9 being identified at 48.0% (12/25) for each of them and blaTEM at 72.0% (18/25). Our findings confirm the high-prevalence of MDR as well as ESBL-PE isolated in WLHIV, and suggest that a real time monitoring system of antimicrobial resistant bacteria coupled with the reinforcement of infection prevention control (IPC) strategies are needed to sustainably contain these life-threatening pathogens especially in the most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravalona Jessica Zemtsa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (R.J.Z.); (M.N.); (P.L.K.); (C.K.)
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (L.L.F.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Michel Noubom
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (R.J.Z.); (M.N.); (P.L.K.); (C.K.)
- Dschang District Hospital, Foto, Dschang P.O. Box 43, Cameroon
| | - Luria Leslie Founou
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (L.L.F.); (A.D.M.)
- Bioinformatics & Applied Machine Learning Research Unit, EDEN Biosciences Research Institute (EBRI), EDEN Foundation, Yaoundé P.O. Box 8242, Cameroon
| | - Brice Davy Dimani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Nkolondom, Yaoundé P.O. Box 188, Cameroon;
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 8242, Cameroon
| | - Patrice Landry Koudoum
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (R.J.Z.); (M.N.); (P.L.K.); (C.K.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 8242, Cameroon
| | - Aurelia Djeumako Mbossi
- Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (ReMARCH) Research Unit, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 67, Cameroon; (L.L.F.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Charles Kouanfack
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (R.J.Z.); (M.N.); (P.L.K.); (C.K.)
- Central Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé P.O. Box 47, Cameroon
| | - Raspail Carrel Founou
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang P.O. Box 96, Cameroon; (R.J.Z.); (M.N.); (P.L.K.); (C.K.)
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Centre of Expertise and Biological Diagnostic of Cameroon (CEDBCAM-RI), Yaoundé P.O. Box 8242, Cameroon
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +237-675-94-3567
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Manyahi J, Majigo M, Kibwana U, Kamori D, Lyamuya EF. Colonization of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistant S. aureus in the intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania: Implications for Infection control and prevention. Infect Prev Pract 2022; 4:100212. [PMID: 35495173 PMCID: PMC9046873 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a major global threat to public-health and are of particular concern to hospitalized intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study aimed at addressing the burden of MDR and the associated factors at admission to ICU. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Rectal and anterior nares swabs were collected within 48 hours of ICU admission to screen for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), respectively. Results The proportion of fecal carriage for ESBL-PE at admission to ICU was 54.54% (95% CI, 47.52–61.39), and nasal carriage for MRSA was 9.32% (95%CI, 5.67–14.93). The nasal MRSA colonization (OR = 1.52) and fecal carriage for ESBL-PE (OR=1.38) were more likely in participants who had received antibiotics before ICU admission than not, but association was not statistically significant. Hospitalization for ≥2 days (OR=1.18) was associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-PE, though not statistically significant. Overall, 66% and 73.5% of patients received antibiotics before and upon admission to ICU, respectively. Ceftriaxone, metronidazole and meropenem were commonly prescribed antibiotics. More than 84% of Enterobacterales were resistant to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 2.90% were resistant to meropenem. MRSA isolates showed a high rate of resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin. Conclusion MDR bacteria are common in patients admitted to ICU. To reduce the risk associated with MDR, we recommend use of simple screening methods to screen for MDR at ICU admission as part of infection control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Manyahi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Corresponding author. Address: Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. +255712251709.
| | - Mtebe Majigo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Upendo Kibwana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Doreen Kamori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eligius F. Lyamuya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Krishinchand H, Naidoo K, Mahabeer P, Archary M. Paediatric Enterobacteriaceae infections in hospitalised children in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr J Infect Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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