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Magadmi RM, Alsulaimani MA, Al-Rafiah AR, Ahmad MS, Esmat A. Carvedilol Exerts Neuroprotective Effect on Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:613634. [PMID: 33927613 PMCID: PMC8077026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.613634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN) commonly occurs in diabetics, affecting approximately 50% of both type 1 and 2 diabetic patients. It is a leading cause of non-traumatic amputations. Oxidative stress could play a key role in the pathophysiology of DN. This study aimed to investigate the potential neuroprotective effect of carvedilol on STZ-induced DN in rats. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats (weighing 200–250 g) were randomly divided into five groups (six/group), where group 1 (negative control) received only the vehicle (0.5% of carboxymethyl cellulose orally 1 ml/kg). DN was induced by a single injection of remaining rats with streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg, i.p.). After diabetes induction, group 2 served as the diabetic untreated animals; while groups 3 and 4 were treated with carvedilol (1 and 10 mg/kg/d, orally, respectively). Group 5 received a-lipoic acid as a reference neuroprotective (100 mg/kg/d, orally). All treatments were continued for 45 days after diabetes induction, followed by behavioural tests. After sacrificing the animals, dorsal root ganglia, and sciatic nerves were collected for histopathological examination and biochemical assessments. Briefly, STZ administration caused cold allodynia, induced oxidative stress, and increased nerve growth factor (NGF) concentration. Nevertheless, carvedilol improved the behavioural tests, ameliorated the oxidative imbalance as manifested by reducing malondialdehyde, restoring glutathione content, and superoxide dismutase activity. Carvedilol also decreased NGF concentration in DRG homogenate. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of carvedilol in an experimentally induced DN rat model through–at least partly–its antioxidant effect and reduced NGF concentration in DRG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Magadmi
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujahid A Alsulaimani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziza R Al-Rafiah
- Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Saeed Ahmad
- King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Guan JZ, Guan WP, Maeda T, Guoqing X, GuangZhi W, Makino N. Patients with multiple sclerosis show increased oxidative stress markers and somatic telomere length shortening. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 400:183-7. [PMID: 25424527 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress (OS) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic systemic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Telomeres, repeated sequences that cap chromosome ends, undergo shortening with each cycle of cell division, resulting in cellular senescence. Research regarding telomere shortening has provided novel insight into the pathogenesis of various diseases. We hypothesized that OS damage leads to inflammatory reactions, which subsequently shortens the telomere length in MS. We enrolled 59 patients with MS, and age- and gender-matched 60 healthy controls. We divided MS subjects into three groups matched for age and gender according to the severity of disability: relatively benign course (BMS), secondary progressive MS, and primary progressive MS (PPMS). We analyzed the telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the 8-iso-PGF2α concentration in urine, a reliable and stable marker of lipid peroxidation in vivo. The data showed significant higher levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α in MS subjects than in the controls. The lag-time, which represents the direct measurement of the resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation, was shorter in the PPMS subjects than in the groups. Compared to that observed in the controls, the mean telomere length was significantly shorter in the PPMS group, whereas no significant telomere shortening was found between the controls and other subjects. Our data suggest that a decreased telomere length and enhanced lipid peroxidation reflects the severest stage of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Zhi Guan
- The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Oxidative and inflammatory stresses are cardinal in the pathogenesis of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress also leads to the induction of inflammation through the activation of proinflammatory transcription factors. Understanding the mechanisms leading to oxidative stress and the means of suppressing it are important in controlling complications related to atherogenesis, since oxidative and inflammatory stress are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The failure of chemical antioxidants [which scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS)], such as vitamins E and C, has led to further exploration of the ROS-suppressive effects of drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Carvedilol has been shown to possess both ROS-scavenging and ROS-suppressive effects, and its use is associated with a reduction in oxidative stress. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of carvedilol have now been described. Although further clinical investigations are required, these properties may contribute to the improvement in clinical outcomes observed with carvedilol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York 14209, USA.
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