Clinical and Body Compositional Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Koreans: A Cross-Sectional Study

The association of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and central obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with diabetes (T2DM)

Background & Objective

High prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus results in deleterious complications and morbidities related to both diseases. Thus, we aimed to investigate dietary and anthropometric risk factors for progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in diabetic people.

Methods

Anthropometric, and dietary intakes, and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were assessed in two hundred participants with type two diabetes (T2DM). Subjects with CAP score of more than 270 dB/m were considered to have NAFLD. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs were used to investigate the association between NAFLD and dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and anthropometric indices.

Results

Participants in the highest tertile of DII had 2.41 (95% CI:1.16-4.97), 2,53 (95% CI: 1.04-6.16), 2.78 (95% CI: 1.09-7.13) times higher odds of developing NAFLD in comparison to the lowest tertile in crude, adjusted model 1 and 2, respectively. Among those with the highest relative to the lowest tertile of trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR), ORs and 95% CI were OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 0.9-3.91, and OR = 7.99, 95% CI = 2.43-26.26 in crude and full-adjusted models. Odds of NAFLD in the third tertile of metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) was higher than the first tertile in crude (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 4.01-22.46) and full-adjusted models (OR = 4.55, 95% CI = 1.46-14.2).

Conclusions

In conclusion, this study highlighted an association between greater DII (pro-inflammatory diet) and higher NAFLD risk. Moreover, TLR and METS-VF are known as novel estimators of central obesity as a risk factor for NAFLD in diabetes.

Clinical Manifestations and Factors Associated with Osteosarcopenic Obesity Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study in Koreans with Obesity

Demonstrating the clinical consequences of osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is complex. This study evaluated clinical manifestations and factors associated with bone and muscle loss in Koreans with obesity. This cross-sectional observational study enrolled Koreans with obesity aged ≥ 50 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clinical manifestations were compared among four groups: obesity (O), sarcopenic obesity (SO), osteopenic obesity (OO), and OSO. Factors associated with appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) or bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. OSO increases with age in both sexes. Men with SO and OSO had increased cardiometabolic diseases and markers, percentages of body fat (BF %), and trunk fat (TF %), and decreased limb fat percentage (LF %). Women with SO and OSO had increased metabolic markers, BF %, and TF % but those with OSO had increased cardiometabolic diseases and lower LF %. Both sexes with OSO had decreased ASM and vitamin D, and higher vitamin D deficiency. BF % was negatively associated with ASM and femur BMD in both sexes. TF % was negatively and LF % was positively associated with ASM in both sexes and with femur BMD in women. Vitamin D was positively associated with femur BMD in men and with ASM and BMD at all sites in women. ASM and BMD were positively associated with each other. Appendicular muscle loss is metabolically significant regardless of bone loss in men; however, appendicular muscle loss with bone loss is metabolically more significant in women. Regional body composition, fat distribution, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with OSO phenotype in both sexes.