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Vinjamuri BP, Pan J, Peng P. A Review on Commercial Oligonucleotide Drug Products. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1749-1768. [PMID: 38679232 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide drug products commercially approved in the US and the EU are reviewed. A total of 20 products that includes 1 aptamer, 12 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), 6 small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs), and 1 mixture of single-stranded and double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides have been identified. A typical oligonucleotide formulation is composed of an oligonucleotide with buffering agent(s), pH adjusting agents, and a tonicity adjusting agent. All the products are presented as 2.1 - 200 mg/mL solutions at pH between 6 and 8.7. Majority of the products are approved for intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) routes, with two for intravitreal (IVT), two for intrathecal (IT), and one for intramuscular (IM) routes. The primary packaging includes vials and prefilled syringes (PFS). Products approved for IV and IT administration routes and requiring >1.5 mL dose volumes are supplied in vials, while those approved for SC, IM, and IVT and requiring ≤1.5 mL dose volume are supplied in PFS. Based on the compiled dataset, we propose a generalized starting point for an oligonucleotide formulation during early phase development for IV, SC, and IT administration routes. Overall, we believe this harmonized evaluation and understanding of various oligonucleotide drug product attributes will help derive platform generalizations and allows for accelerated early phase development for first-in-human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Prasad Vinjamuri
- Pharmaceutical Operations & Technology, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
| | - Jiayi Pan
- Pharmaceutical Operations & Technology, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States
| | - Paul Peng
- Pharmaceutical Operations & Technology, Biogen, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.
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Ehmann F, Kuhn A, Pasmooij AMG, Humphreys A, Van Hengel A, Dooley B, Anliker B, Svensson C, Capaldi D, Henshall D, Cooke E, Zhou H, Bastaerts H, Smink J, Van Gerven J, Enes L, Nechev L, Hoefnagel M, Driessens M, Wenger M, Blanquie O, Widomski P, Herold R, Thürmer R, Ruiz S, Thirstrup S, Goody S, Zaks T, Cordò V, Aartsma-Rus AM. Report of the European Medicines Agency Conference on RNA-Based Medicines. Nucleic Acid Ther 2024; 34:4-11. [PMID: 38174996 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-based medicines have potential to treat a large variety of diseases, and research in the field is very dynamic. Proactively, The European Medicines Agency (EMA) organized a virtual conference on February 2, 2023 to promote the development of RNA-based medicines. The initiative addresses the goal of the EMA Regulatory Science Strategy to 2025 to "catalyse the integration of science and technology in medicines development." The conference focused on RNA technologies (excluding RNA vaccines) and involved different stakeholders, including representatives from academia, industry, regulatory authorities, and patient organizations. The conference comprised presentations and discussion sessions conducted by panels of subject matter experts. In this meeting report, we summarize the presentations and recap the main themes of the panel discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk Ehmann
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Arjon Van Hengel
- DG Research and Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brian Dooley
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - David Henshall
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences College of Surgeons RCSI and FutureNeuro SFI Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer Cooke
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- University College London (UCL), NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Joop Van Gerven
- Central Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects (CCMO), The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Leonor Enes
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lubomir Nechev
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mariëtte Driessens
- VSOP - Patient Alliance for Rare and Genetic Diseases, Soest, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oriane Blanquie
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Herold
- European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René Thürmer
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sol Ruiz
- Agency of Medicines and Medical Products (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tal Zaks
- OrbiMed, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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McGowan A, Gennemark P, Akieh-Pirkanniemi M, Wirman L, Davies N, Elebring M, Tivesten A, Strimfors M, Hölttä M, Söderberg M, Berntsson V, Balas D, Koskinen M, Leino L, Abrahmsén-Alami S. Injectable Biodegradable Silica Depot for Controlled Subcutaneous Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides with beyond Monthly Administration. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:143-151. [PMID: 38126776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are typically administered subcutaneously once per week or monthly. Less frequent dosing would have strong potential to improve patient convenience and increase adherence and thereby for some diseases result in more optimal therapeutic outcomes. Several technologies are available to provide sustained drug release via subcutaneous (SC) administration. ASOs have a high aqueous solubility and require relatively high doses, which limits the options available substantially. In the present work, we show that an innovative biodegradable, nonporous silica-based matrix provides zero-order release in vivo (rats) for at least 4 weeks for compositions with ASO loads of up to about 100 mg/mL (0.5 mL injection) without any sign of initial burst. This implies that administration beyond once monthly can be feasible. For higher drug loads, substantial burst release was observed during the first week. The concentrations of unconjugated ASO levels in the liver were found to be comparable to corresponding bolus doses. Additionally, infusion using a minipump shows a higher liver exposure than SC bolus administration at the same dose level and, in addition, clear mRNA knockdown and circulating protein reduction comparable to SC bolus dosing, hence suggesting productive liver uptake for a slow-release administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa McGowan
- DelSiTech Ltd., PharmaCity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Gennemark
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Wirman
- DelSiTech Ltd., PharmaCity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Marie Elebring
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Anna Tivesten
- CVRM CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Marie Strimfors
- Bioscience metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mikko Hölttä
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Magnus Söderberg
- Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Veronica Berntsson
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Daniela Balas
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
| | - Mika Koskinen
- DelSiTech Ltd., PharmaCity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Lasse Leino
- DelSiTech Ltd., PharmaCity, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Susanna Abrahmsén-Alami
- Sustainable Innovation & Transformational Excellence, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Gothenburg SE-431 83, Sweden
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