1
|
Cognitive-motor Interference in Individuals With a Neurologic Disorder: A Systematic Review of Neural Correlates. Cogn Behav Neurol 2021; 34:79-95. [PMID: 34074863 DOI: 10.1097/wnn.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing a cognitive task and a motor task simultaneously is an everyday act that can lead to decreased performance on both tasks. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into the neural correlates associated with cognitive-motor dual tasking in individuals with a neurologic disorder. METHOD We searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies that had been published up to January 16th, 2019. Studies investigating the neural correlates of cognitive-motor dual task performance in individuals with a variety of neurologic disorders were included, independently from whether the study included healthy controls. Clinical and imaging data were abstracted for the comparison between single tasks and a dual task in the individuals with a neurologic disorder and for the comparison between the healthy controls and the individuals with a neurologic disorder. RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Study populations included individuals with Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, traumatic brain injury, and stroke. Neuroimaging types used to study the neural correlates of cognitive-motor dual tasking during upper limb or gait tasks included fMRI, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, EEG, and PET. CONCLUSION Despite large heterogeneity in study methodologies, some recurrent patterns were noted. Particularly, in neurologic patients, an already higher brain activation during single tasks was seen compared with healthy controls, perhaps compromising the patients' ability to further adapt brain activation with increasing load during dual tasking and resulting in reduced behavioral dual task performance.
Collapse
|
2
|
The effects of retrieval interference on different types of implicit memory. ACTA PSYCHOLOGICA SINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1041.2020.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
3
|
Abiko K, Shiga T, Katoh C, Hirata K, Kuge Y, Kobayashi K, Ikeda S, Ikoma K. Relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in patients with neurobehavioural disability after traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1367-1372. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1496478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kagari Abiko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sapporo Azabu Neurosurgical Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tohru Shiga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chietsugu Katoh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Kuge
- Department of Tracer kinetics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kobayashi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikoma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Galetto V, Sacco K. Neuroplastic Changes Induced by Cognitive Rehabilitation in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2017; 31:800-813. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968317723748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cognitive deficits are among the most disabling consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to long-term outcomes and interfering with the individual’s recovery. One of the most effective ways to reduce the impact of cognitive disturbance in everyday life is cognitive rehabilitation, which is based on the principles of brain neuroplasticity and restoration. Although there are many studies in the literature focusing on the effectiveness of cognitive interventions in reducing cognitive deficits following TBI, only a few of them focus on neural modifications induced by cognitive treatment. The use of neuroimaging or neurophysiological measures to evaluate brain changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation may have relevant clinical implications, since they could add individualized elements to cognitive assessment. Nevertheless, there are no review studies in the literature investigating neuroplastic changes induced by cognitive training in TBI individuals. Objective. Due to lack of data, the goal of this article is to review what is currently known on the cerebral modifications following rehabilitation programs in chronic TBI. Methods. Studies investigating both the functional and structural neural modifications induced by cognitive training in TBI subjects were identified from the results of database searches. Forty-five published articles were initially selected. Of these, 34 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Results. Eleven studies were found that focused solely on the functional and neurophysiological changes induced by cognitive rehabilitation. Conclusions. Outcomes showed that cerebral activation may be significantly modified by cognitive rehabilitation, in spite of the severity of the injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Galetto
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Centro Puzzle, Turin, Italy
| | - Katiuscia Sacco
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Diez I, Drijkoningen D, Stramaglia S, Bonifazi P, Marinazzo D, Gooijers J, Swinnen SP, Cortes JM. Enhanced prefrontal functional-structural networks to support postural control deficits after traumatic brain injury in a pediatric population. Netw Neurosci 2017; 1:116-142. [PMID: 29911675 PMCID: PMC5988395 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects structural connectivity, triggering the reorganization of structural-functional circuits in a manner that remains poorly understood. We focus here on brain network reorganization in relation to postural control deficits after TBI. We enrolled young participants who had suffered moderate to severe TBI, comparing them to young, typically developing control participants. TBI patients (but not controls) recruited prefrontal regions to interact with two separated networks: (1) a subcortical network, including parts of the motor network, basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, amygdala, posterior cingulate gyrus, and precuneus; and (2) a task-positive network, involving regions of the dorsal attention system, together with dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal regions. We also found that the increased prefrontal connectivity in TBI patients was correlated with some postural control indices, such as the amount of body sway, whereby patients with worse balance increased their connectivity in frontal regions more strongly. The increased prefrontal connectivity found in TBI patients may provide the structural scaffolding for stronger cognitive control of certain behavioral functions, consistent with the observations that various motor tasks are performed less automatically following TBI and that more cognitive control is associated with such actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibai Diez
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - David Drijkoningen
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Sebastiano Stramaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Bari and INFN, Bari, Italy.,Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Daniele Marinazzo
- Department of Data Analysis, Faculty of Psychological and Pedagogical Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Gooijers
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuve, Belgium
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- KU Leuven, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuve, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jesus M Cortes
- Biocruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque: The Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gooijers J, Beets IAM, Albouy G, Beeckmans K, Michiels K, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP. Movement preparation and execution: differential functional activation patterns after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2016; 139:2469-85. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
7
|
Sacco K, Galetto V, Dimitri D, Geda E, Perotti F, Zettin M, Geminiani GC. Concomitant Use of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Computer-Assisted Training for the Rehabilitation of Attention in Traumatic Brain Injured Patients: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Results. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:57. [PMID: 27065823 PMCID: PMC4814724 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Divided attention (DA), the ability to distribute cognitive resources among two or more simultaneous tasks, may be severely compromised after traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in problems with numerous activities involved with daily living. So far, no research has investigated whether the use of non-invasive brain stimulation associated with neuropsychological rehabilitation might contribute to the recovery of such cognitive function. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 10 transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) sessions combined with computer-assisted training; it also intended to explore the neural modifications induced by the treatment. Thirty-two patients with severe TBI participated in the study: 16 were part of the experimental group, and 16 part of the control group. The treatment included 20’ of tDCS, administered twice a day for 5 days. The electrodes were placed on the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex. Their location varied across patients and it depended on each participant’s specific area of damage. The control group received sham tDCS. After each tDCS session, the patient received computer-assisted cognitive training on DA for 40’. The results showed that the experimental group significantly improved in DA performance between pre- and post-treatment, showing faster reaction times (RTs), and fewer omissions. No improvement was detected between the baseline assessment (i.e., 1 month before treatment) and the pre-training assessment, or within the control group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, obtained on the experimental group during a DA task, showed post-treatment lower cerebral activations in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA 42), right and left middle frontal gyrus (BA 6), right postcentral gyrus (BA 3) and left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 9). We interpreted such neural changes as normalization of previously abnormal hyperactivations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katiuscia Sacco
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| | - Valentina Galetto
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy; Centro PuzzleTurin, Italy
| | - Danilo Dimitri
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy; Centro PuzzleTurin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Geda
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Perotti
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Turin Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Zettin
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy; Centro PuzzleTurin, Italy
| | - Giuliano C Geminiani
- Imaging and Cerebral Plasticity Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of TurinTurin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, University of TurinTurin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Currie S, Saleem N, Straiton JA, Macmullen-Price J, Warren DJ, Craven IJ. Imaging assessment of traumatic brain injury. Postgrad Med J 2015; 92:41-50. [PMID: 26621823 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-133211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes injury that occurs to the brain as a result of trauma. It should be appreciated as a heterogeneous, dynamic pathophysiological process that starts from the moment of impact and continues over time with sequelae potentially seen many years after the initial event. Primary traumatic brain lesions that may occur at the moment of impact include contusions, haematomas, parenchymal fractures and diffuse axonal injury. The presence of extra-axial intracranial lesions such as epidural and subdural haematomas and subarachnoid haemorrhage must be anticipated as they may contribute greatly to secondary brain insult by provoking brain herniation syndromes, cranial nerve deficits, oedema and ischaemia and infarction. Imaging is fundamental to the management of patients with TBI. CT remains the imaging modality of choice for initial assessment due to its ease of access, rapid acquisition and for its sensitivity for detection of acute haemorrhagic lesions for surgical intervention. MRI is typically reserved for the detection of lesions that may explain clinical symptoms that remain unresolved despite initial CT. This is especially apparent in the setting of diffuse axonal injury, which is poorly discerned on CT. Use of particular MRI sequences may increase the sensitivity of detecting such lesions: diffusion-weighted imaging defining acute infarction, susceptibility-weighted imaging affording exquisite data on microhaemorrhage. Additional advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI may provide important information regarding coexistent structural and functional brain damage. Gaining robust prognostic information for patients following TBI remains a challenge. Advanced MRI sequences are showing potential for biomarkers of disease, but this largely remains at the research level. Various global collaborative research groups have been established in an effort to combine imaging data with clinical and epidemiological information to provide much needed evidence for improvement in the characterisation and classification of TBI and in the identity of the most effective clinical care for this patient cohort. However, analysis of collaborative imaging data is challenging: the diverse spectrum of image acquisition and postprocessing limits reproducibility, and there is a requirement for a robust quality assurance initiative. Future clinical use of advanced neuroimaging should ensure standardised approaches to image acquisition and analysis, which can be used at the individual level, with the expectation that future neuroimaging advances, personalised to the patient, may improve prognostic accuracy and facilitate the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Currie
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Nayyar Saleem
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John A Straiton
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Daniel J Warren
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ian J Craven
- Department of Neuroradiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schmitter-Edgecombe M, Robertson K. Recovery of visual search following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2015; 37:162-77. [PMID: 25671675 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2014.998170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Deficits in attentional abilities can significantly impact rehabilitation and recovery from traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study investigated the nature and recovery of preattentive (parallel) and attentive (serial) visual search abilities after TBI. METHOD Participants were 40 individuals with moderate to severe TBI who were tested following emergence from posttraumatic amnesia and approximately 8 months post injury, as well as 40 age- and education-matched controls. Preattentive (automatic) and attentive (controlled) visual search situations were created by manipulating the saliency of the target item amongst distractor items in visual displays. The relationship between preattentive and attentive visual search rates and follow-up community integration were also explored. RESULTS The results revealed intact parallel (automatic) processing skills in the TBI group both postacutely and at follow-up. In contrast, when attentional demands on visual search were increased by reducing the saliency of the target, the TBI group demonstrated poorer performances than the control group both postacutely and 8 months post injury. Neither preattentive nor attentive visual search slope values correlated with follow-up community integration. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that utilizing intact preattentive visual search skills during rehabilitation may help to reduce high mental workload situations, thereby improving the rehabilitation process. For example, making commonly used objects more salient in the environment should increase reliance or more automatic visual search processes and reduce visual search time for individuals with TBI.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sinopoli KJ, Chen JK, Wells G, Fait P, Ptito A, Taha T, Keightley M. Imaging “Brain Strain” in Youth Athletes with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury during Dual-Task Performance. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1843-59. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katia J. Sinopoli
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neurology, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jen-Kai Chen
- McGill University Health Centre and Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Greg Wells
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Experimental Medicine, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Fait
- Department of Physical Activity Science, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
- Research Group on Neuromusculoskeletal Dysfunctions, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Alain Ptito
- McGill University Health Centre and Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Taha
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Keightley
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy and Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science and Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Olsen A, Brunner JF, Indredavik Evensen KA, Finnanger TG, Vik A, Skandsen T, Landrø NI, Håberg AK. Altered Cognitive Control Activations after Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Relationship to Injury Severity and Everyday-Life Function. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:2170-80. [PMID: 24557637 PMCID: PMC4494028 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how the neuronal underpinnings of both adaptive and stable cognitive control processes are affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was undertaken in 62 survivors of moderate-to-severe TBI (>1 year after injury) and 68 healthy controls during performance of a continuous performance test adapted for use in a mixed block- and event-related design. Survivors of TBI demonstrated increased reliance on adaptive task control processes within an a priori core region for cognitive control in the medial frontal cortex. TBI survivors also had increased activations related to time-on-task effects during stable task-set maintenance in right inferior parietal and prefrontal cortices. Increased brain activations in TBI survivors had a dose-dependent linear positive relationship to injury severity and were negatively correlated with self-reported cognitive control problems in everyday-life situations. Results were adjusted for age, education, and fMRI task performance. In conclusion, evidence was provided that the neural underpinnings of adaptive and stable control processes are differently affected by TBI. Moreover, it was demonstrated that increased brain activations typically observed in survivors of TBI might represent injury-specific compensatory adaptations also utilized in everyday-life situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Olsen
- MI-Lab and Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Jan Ferenc Brunner
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Kari Anne Indredavik Evensen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health and
- Department of Physiotherapy, Trondheim Municipality, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torun Gangaune Finnanger
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU) – Central Norway, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Children's Clinic
| | - Anne Vik
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Toril Skandsen
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- National Competence Centre for Complex Symptom Disorders and
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Asta Kristine Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience
- Department of Radiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces neurological impairment by disconnecting brain networks. This structural damage can be mapped using diffusion MRI, and its functional effects can be investigated in large-scale intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Here, we review evidence that TBI substantially disrupts ICN function, and that this disruption predicts cognitive impairment. We focus on two ICNs--the salience network and the default mode network. The activity of these ICNs is normally tightly coupled, which is important for attentional control. Damage to the structural connectivity of these networks produces predictable abnormalities of network function and cognitive control. For example, the brain normally shows a 'small-world architecture' that is optimized for information processing, but TBI shifts network function away from this organization. The effects of TBI on network function are likely to be complex, and we discuss how advanced approaches to modelling brain dynamics can provide insights into the network dysfunction. We highlight how structural network damage caused by axonal injury might interact with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, which are late complications of TBI. Finally, we discuss how network-level diagnostics could inform diagnosis, prognosis and treatment development following TBI.
Collapse
|
13
|
Holschneider DP, Guo Y, Wang Z, Roch M, Scremin OU. Remote brain network changes after unilateral cortical impact injury and their modulation by acetylcholinesterase inhibition. J Neurotrauma 2014; 30:907-19. [PMID: 23343118 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored whether cerebral cortical impact injury (CCI) effects extend beyond direct lesion sites to affect remote brain networks, and whether acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition elicits discrete changes in functional activation of motor circuits following CCI. Adult male rats underwent unilateral motor-sensory CCI or sham injury. Physostigmine (AChE inhibitor) or saline were administered subcutaneously continuously via implanted minipumps (1.6 micromoles/kg/day) for 3 weeks, followed by cerebral perfusion mapping during treadmill walking using [(14)C]-iodoantipyrine. Quantitative autoradiographs were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping and functional connectivity (FC) analysis. CCI resulted in functional deficits in the ipsilesional basal ganglia, with increased activation contralesionally. Recruitment was also observed, especially contralesionally, of the red nucleus, superior colliculus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, thalamus (ventrolateral n., central medial n.), cerebellum, and sensory cortex. FC decreased significantly within ipsi- and contralesional motor circuits and between hemispheres, but increased between midline cerebellum and select regions of the basal ganglia within each hemisphere. Physostigmine significantly increased functional brain activation in the cerebellar thalamocortical pathway (midline cerebellum→ventrolateral thalamus→motor cortex), subthalamic nucleus/zona incerta, and red nucleus and bilateral sensory cortex. In conclusion, CCI resulted in increased functional recruitment of contralesional motor cortex and bilateral subcortical motor regions, as well as recruitment of the cerebellar-thalamocortical circuit and contralesional sensory cortex. This phenomenon, augmented by physostigmine, may partially compensate motor deficits. FC decreased inter-hemispherically and in negative, but not positive, intra-hemispherical FC, and it was not affected by physostigmine. Circuit-based approaches into functional brain reorganization may inform future behavioral or molecular strategies to augment targeted neurorehabilitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Holschneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mayer AR, Toulouse T, Klimaj S, Ling JM, Pena A, Bellgowan PSF. Investigating the properties of the hemodynamic response function after mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 31:189-97. [PMID: 23965000 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Although several functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have been conducted in human models of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), to date no studies have explicitly examined how injury may differentially affect both the positive phase of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) as well as the post-stimulus undershoot (PSU). Animal models suggest that the acute and semi-acute stages of mTBI are associated with significant disruptions in metabolism and to the microvasculature, both of which could impact on the HRF. Therefore, fMRI data were collected on a cohort of 30 semi-acute patients with mTBI (16 males; 27.83±9.97 years old; 13.00±2.18 years of education) and 30 carefully matched healthy controls (HC; 16 males; 27.17±10.08 years old; 13.37±2.31 years of education) during a simple sensory-motor task. Patients reported increased cognitive, somatic, and emotional symptoms relative to controls, although no group differences were detected on traditional neuropsychological examination. There were also no differences between patients with mTBI and controls on fMRI data using standard analytic techniques, although mTBI exhibited a greater volume of activation during the task qualitatively. A significant Group×Time interaction was observed in the right supramarginal gyrus, bilateral primary and secondary visual cortex, and the right parahippocampal gyrus. The interaction was the result of an earlier time-to-peak and positive magnitude shift throughout the estimated HRF in patients with mTBI relative to HC. This difference in HRF shape combined with the greater volume of activated tissue may be indicative of a potential compensatory mechanism to injury. The current study demonstrates that direct examination and modeling of HRF characteristics beyond magnitude may provide additional information about underlying neuropathology that is not available with more standard fMRI analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mayer
- 1 The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute , Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Deprez S, Vandenbulcke M, Peeters R, Emsell L, Amant F, Sunaert S. The functional neuroanatomy of multitasking: combining dual tasking with a short term memory task. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2251-60. [PMID: 23938320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Insight into the neural architecture of multitasking is crucial when investigating the pathophysiology of multitasking deficits in clinical populations. Presently, little is known about how the brain combines dual-tasking with a concurrent short-term memory task, despite the relevance of this mental operation in daily life and the frequency of complaints related to this process, in disease. In this study we aimed to examine how the brain responds when a memory task is added to dual-tasking. Thirty-three right-handed healthy volunteers (20 females, mean age 39.9 ± 5.8) were examined with functional brain imaging (fMRI). The paradigm consisted of two cross-modal single tasks (a visual and auditory temporal same-different task with short delay), a dual-task combining both single tasks simultaneously and a multi-task condition, combining the dual-task with an additional short-term memory task (temporal same-different visual task with long delay). Dual-tasking compared to both individual visual and auditory single tasks activated a predominantly right-sided fronto-parietal network and the cerebellum. When adding the additional short-term memory task, a larger and more bilateral frontoparietal network was recruited. We found enhanced activity during multitasking in components of the network that were already involved in dual-tasking, suggesting increased working memory demands, as well as recruitment of multitask-specific components including areas that are likely to be involved in online holding of visual stimuli in short-term memory such as occipito-temporal cortex. These results confirm concurrent neural processing of a visual short-term memory task during dual-tasking and provide evidence for an effective fMRI multitasking paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Deprez
- Department of Radiology, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moretti L, Cristofori I, Weaver SM, Chau A, Portelli JN, Grafman J. Cognitive decline in older adults with a history of traumatic brain injury. Lancet Neurol 2013; 11:1103-12. [PMID: 23153408 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem with potentially serious long-term neurobehavioural sequelae. There is evidence to suggest that a history of TBI can increase a person's risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. However, individuals with dementia do not usually have a history of TBI, and survivors of TBI do not invariably acquire dementia later in life. Instead, a history of traumatic brain injury, combined with brain changes associated with normal ageing, might lead to exacerbated cognitive decline in older adults. Strategies to increase or maintain cognitive reserve might help to prevent exacerbated decline after TBI. Systematic clinical assessment could help to differentiate between exacerbated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment, a precursor of Alzheimer's disease, with important implications for patients and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moretti
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ham TE, Sharp DJ. How can investigation of network function inform rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury? Curr Opin Neurol 2012; 25:662-9. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0b013e328359488f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
18
|
Hunter JV, Wilde EA, Tong KA, Holshouser BA. Emerging imaging tools for use with traumatic brain injury research. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29:654-71. [PMID: 21787167 PMCID: PMC3289847 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article identifies emerging neuroimaging measures considered by the inter-agency Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Neuroimaging Workgroup. This article attempts to address some of the potential uses of more advanced forms of imaging in TBI as well as highlight some of the current considerations and unresolved challenges of using them. We summarize emerging elements likely to gain more widespread use in the coming years, because of 1) their utility in diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding the natural course of degeneration or recovery following TBI, and potential for evaluating treatment strategies; 2) the ability of many centers to acquire these data with scanners and equipment that are readily available in existing clinical and research settings; and 3) advances in software that provide more automated, readily available, and cost-effective analysis methods for large scale data image analysis. These include multi-slice CT, volumetric MRI analysis, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), arterial spin tag labeling (ASL), functional MRI (fMRI), including resting state and connectivity MRI, MR spectroscopy (MRS), and hyperpolarization scanning. However, we also include brief introductions to other specialized forms of advanced imaging that currently do require specialized equipment, for example, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), encephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography (MEG)/magnetic source imaging (MSI). Finally, we identify some of the challenges that users of the emerging imaging CDEs may wish to consider, including quality control, performing multi-site and longitudinal imaging studies, and MR scanning in infants and children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill V Hunter
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leunissen I, Coxon JP, Geurts M, Caeyenberghs K, Michiels K, Sunaert S, Swinnen SP. Disturbed cortico-subcortical interactions during motor task switching in traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1254-71. [PMID: 22287257 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to suppress and flexibly adapt motor behavior is a fundamental mechanism of cognitive control, which is impaired in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we used a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging tractography to study changes in brain function and structure associated with motor switching performance in TBI. Twenty-three young adults with moderate-severe TBI and twenty-six healthy controls made spatially and temporally coupled bimanual circular movements. A visual cue signaled the right hand to switch or continue its circling direction. The time to initiate the switch (switch response time) was longer and more variable in the TBI group and TBI patients exhibited a higher incidence of complete contralateral (left hand) movement disruptions. Both groups activated the basal ganglia and a previously described network for task-set implementation, including the supplementary motor complex and bilateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC). Relative to controls, patients had significantly increased activation in the presupplementary motor area (preSMA) and left IFC, and showed underactivation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) region. This altered functional engagement was related to the white matter microstructural properties of the tracts connecting preSMA, IFC, and STN. Both functional activity in preSMA, IFC, and STN, and the integrity of the connections between them were associated with behavioral performance across patients and controls. We suggest that damage to these key pathways within the motor switching network because of TBI, shifts the patients toward the lower end of the existing structure-function-behavior spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Leunissen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Research Centre of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Group Biomedical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Default mode network connectivity predicts sustained attention deficits after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 2011; 31:13442-51. [PMID: 21940437 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1163-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently produces impairments of attention in humans. These can result in a failure to maintain consistent goal-directed behavior. A predominantly right-lateralized frontoparietal network is often engaged during attentionally demanding tasks. However, lapses of attention have also been associated with increases in activation within the default mode network (DMN). Here, we study TBI patients with sustained attention impairment, defined on the basis of the consistency of their behavioral performance over time. We show that sustained attention impairments in patients are associated with an increase in DMN activation, particularly within the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, the interaction of the precuneus with the rest of the DMN at the start of the task, i.e., its functional connectivity, predicts which patients go on to show impairments of attention. Importantly, this predictive information is present before any behavioral evidence of sustained attention impairment, and the relationship is also found in a subgroup of patients without focal brain damage. TBI often results in diffuse axonal injury, which produces cognitive impairment by disconnecting nodes in distributed brain networks. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we demonstrate that structural disconnection within the DMN also correlates with the level of sustained attention. These results show that abnormalities in DMN function are a sensitive marker of impairments of attention and suggest that changes in connectivity within the DMN are central to the development of attentional impairment after TBI.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharp DJ, Beckmann CF, Greenwood R, Kinnunen KM, Bonnelle V, De Boissezon X, Powell JH, Counsell SJ, Patel MC, Leech R. Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury. Brain 2011; 134:2233-47. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Cazalis F, Babikian T, Giza C, Copeland S, Hovda D, Asarnow RF. Pivotal role of anterior cingulate cortex in working memory after traumatic brain injury in youth. Front Neurol 2011; 1:158. [PMID: 21270956 PMCID: PMC3026484 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2010.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this fMRI study, the functions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were studied in a group of adolescents who had sustained a moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). A spatial working memory task with varying working memory loads, representing experimental conditions of increasing difficulty, was administered. In a cross-sectional comparison between the patients and a matched control group, patients performed worse than Controls, showing longer reaction times and lower response accuracy on the spatial working memory task. Brain imaging findings suggest a possible double-dissociation: activity of the ACC in the TBI group, but not in the Control group, was associated with task difficulty; conversely, activity of the left sensorimotor cortex (lSMC) in the Control group, but not in the TBI group, was correlated with task difficulty. In addition to the main cross-sectional study, a longitudinal study of a group of adolescent patients with moderate to severe TBI was done using fMRI and the same spatial working memory task. The patient group was studied at two time-points: one time-point during the post-acute phase and one time-point 12 months later, during the chronic phase. Results indicated that patients' behavioral performance improved over time, suggesting cognitive recovery. Brain imaging findings suggest that, over this 12-month period, patients recruited less of the ACC and more of the lSMC in response to increasing task difficulty. The role of ACC in executive functions following a moderate to severe brain injury in adolescence is discussed within the context of conflicting models of the ACC functions in the existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Cazalis
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Ross University School of MedicineRoseau, Commonwealth of Dominica
| | - Talin Babikian
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Giza
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Copeland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Hovda
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert F. Asarnow
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of MedicineLos Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Palmer HS, Garzon B, Xu J, Berntsen EM, Skandsen T, Håberg AK. Reduced fractional anisotropy does not change the shape of the hemodynamic response in survivors of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27:853-62. [PMID: 20199173 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hemodynamic response (HDR) function is the basis for standard functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis. HDR is influenced by white matter inflammation. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently accompanied by diffuse white matter injury, but the effect of this on the HDR has not been investigated. The aims of the present study were to describe the HDR in visual cortex and examine its relationship with the microstructure of the optic radiation in severe TBI survivors and controls. Ten severe TBI survivors without visual impairments, but with known diffuse axonal injury, and 9 matched controls underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fMRI. From the fMRI time series obtained during brief randomized visual stimuli, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes for each subject were estimated in V1, and group HDR curves were produced. Standard between-group analysis of BOLD activation in V1 + V2 was performed. For each individual the optic radiations were identified and fractional anisotropy (FA) plus mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC(mean)) values for these tracts were calculated. Group HDR curves from the visual cortex were fully transposable between TBI survivors and controls, despite a significant reduction in FA in the optic radiation in TBI survivors. A significant correlation between BOLD signal in the visual cortex and FA values in the optical tract was present in controls, but not in TBI survivors. Between-group comparisons showed that TBI survivors had increased areas of activation in V1 and V2. The HDR appears to be intact in traumatic white matter damage, supporting the validity of using standard fMRI methodology to study neuroplasticity in TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen S Palmer
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often demonstrate impairments in the cognitive control functions of detecting response conflict and signaling for recruitment of cognitive resources to appropriately adjust performance. These cognitive control functions can be measured using conflict adaptation effects, wherein manifestations of conflict detection and processing are reduced following high- relative to low-conflict trials. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were collected while 18 survivors of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 21 demographically matched control participants performed a modified Stroop task. The incongruent-minus-congruent trial Stroop effect for trials preceded by incongruent (high conflict) and congruent (low conflict) trials were compared for behavioral (response time [RT] and error rate) and ERP reflections of cognitive control. Behavioral data showed a reduction in the Stroop effect for both control and TBI participant RTs when preceded by incongruent trials. The magnitude of these effects did not differentiate control and TBI participants. ERP data revealed a centro-parietal conflict slow potential (conflict SP) that differentiated incongruent from congruent trials. Planned comparisons showed a decreased amplitude conflict SP when ERPs were preceded by incongruent trials in control, but not TBI participants. Results indicate subtle TBI-related impairments in conflict resolution mechanisms in the context of intact RT-related conflict adaptation.
Collapse
|