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Yang M, Cai X, Wang C, Li P, Chen S, Liu C, Wang Y, Qian K, Dong Q, Xue F, Chu C, Bai J, Liu Q, Ni X. Humidity-Responsive Amorphous Calcium-Magnesium Pyrophosphate/Cassava Starch Scaffold for Enhanced Neurovascular Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35964-35984. [PMID: 38968558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Developing a neurovascular bone repair scaffold with an appropriate mechanical strength remains a challenge. Calcium phosphate (CaP) is similar to human bone, but its scaffolds are inherently brittle and inactive, which require recombination with active ions and polymers for bioactivity and suitable strength. This work discussed the synthesis of amorphous magnesium-calcium pyrophosphate (AMCP) and the subsequent development of a humidity-responsive AMCP/cassava starch (CS) scaffold. The scaffold demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties by strengthening the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds between AMCP and CS during the gelatinization and freeze-thawing processes. The release of active ions was rapid initially and stabilized into a long-term stable release after 3 days, which is well-matched with new bone growth. The release of pyrophosphate ions endowed the scaffold with antibacterial properties. At the cellular level, the released active ions simultaneously promoted the proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts, the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and the proliferation of Schwann cells. At the animal level, the scaffold was demonstrated to promote vascular growth and peripheral nerve regeneration in a rat skull defect experiment, ultimately resulting in the significant and rapid repair of bone defects. The construction of the AMCP/CS scaffold offers practical suggestions and references for neurovascular bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengyin Li
- Center of Medical Physics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- Center of Medical Physics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Center of Medical Physics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiangsheng Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chenglin Chu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Biomedical Devices (Suzhou), Southeast University, Suzhou 215163, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Light Metal Alloys, Nanjing 211212, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinye Ni
- Center of Medical Physics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
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Shan F, Ji Q, Song Y, Chen Y, Hao T, Li R, Zhang N, Wang Y. A fast and efficient method for isolating Schwann cells from sciatic nerves of neonatal mice. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 366:109404. [PMID: 34752812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwann cells (SCs) isolation is one of the basic techniques for study of peripheral nervous system and peripheral neuropathy. A combined and effective method of isolating SCs from sciatic nerves of newborn mice with high yield and purity is still lacking. NEW METHODS Sciatic nerves from neonatal mice aged 3-5 days serve as the source of SCs. Removal of adjacent connective tissue and epineurium, treatment with arabinoside hydrochloride and differential cell detachment technique were applied to eliminate fibroblast contamination and increase the purity of SCs. Combined use of collagenase/dispase and trypsin was chosen to increase the yield of SCs. Culture dishes precoated with poly-l-lysine and laminin, culture medium supplemented with heregulin β-1 and forskolin, and reasonable cell seeding density were implemented to increase the growth and proliferation of cultured SCs. Immunostaining of S100β and p75 neurotrophin receptor was used to identify the purity of SCs. RESULTS Our method is able to obtain high-yield SCs with a purity of 90% within five days and a purity more than 99% within seven days from sciatic nerves of neonatal mice. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Previous SCs isolation mostly focused on rats or adult mice and have a few limitations due to fibroblasts contamination, low yield and time-consuming. Our method permits SCs isolation from neonatal mice with a high yield and purity of primary SCs within 7 days. CONCLUSION We described a fast, efficient and step-by-step method of isolating SCs from sciatic nerves of neonatal mice with high yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhen Shan
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qingjie Ji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tielin Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China; Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China; Clinical Medical College, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Yuzhong Wang
- Medical Research Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China.
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Tomko P, Slovinská L, Vanický I. In vitro predegeneration of peripheral nerve; the effect of predegeneration period on rat Schwann cell cultures. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:596-602. [PMID: 30651840 PMCID: PMC6307440 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve predegeneration has been used as a tool to improve the in vitro cultivation of Schwann cells. The process of predegeneration may be accomplished either in vivo or in vitro. In previously published studies, various predegeneration periods were used, ranging from a few days until up to 5 weeks. The present study systematically evaluated the effect of various durations of in vitro predegeneration on the efficacy of Schwann cell cultivation. The sciatic nerves of adult Wistar rats were harvested and the explanted nerve pieces were maintained in the predegeneration medium for different predegeneration periods. In group A, the dissociation was performed immediately after harvesting. In groups B, C and D, the predegeneration periods were 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. During the predegeneration period, the tissue pieces were repeatedly transferred into new dishes. Afterwards, the nerve tissue was enzymatically dissociated and the cells were seeded onto a six-well culture plate at a defined density. After 3–4 days of incubation, the cultures were passaged by means of the cold jet technique and the cell cultivation was continued for another 21 days. It was observed that the cell cultures in groups A and B were rapidly overgrown by fibroblasts. In group C, numerous wells contained a highly enriched Schwann cell population that had formed a typical monolayer, but in a fraction of the dishes, cultures were debased by fibroblast overgrowth. In group D, all of the cultures had enriched Schwann cell populations. In the experiments of the present study, the positive effect of predegeneration was observed only when the predegeneration periods lasted for 4 weeks or longer. It was concluded that the longer predegeneration periods activated Schwann cells and/or depleted the fibroblast proliferation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Tomko
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slovinská
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanický
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Wang G, Ma Z, Cao L, Yan G, Wang Y, Jin Y, Shen H, Zhang Y, Xu X, Chen X, Shen Z. A novel method for obtaining highly enriched Schwann cell populations from mature monkey nerves based on in vitro pre‑degeneration. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6600-6607. [PMID: 28901508 PMCID: PMC5865804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are indispensable for cell therapy and tissue engineering of the peripheral nervous system. Easy access to activated, highly proliferative SCs is necessary for clinical applications. The present study developed a fast, efficient method for obtaining highly purified SCs from the peripheral nerve of a mature Rhesus monkey. The common peroneal nerves of 4-year-old Rhesus monkeys were harvested and subjected to in vitro pre-degeneration in a modified SC culture medium (SCCM). The nerve pieces were subsequently treated enzymatically to dissociate the cells and then cultured for 2 days in SCCM. Cultured cells were treated with purification medium containing Ara-C to assist in restricting the overgrowth of fibroblast-like cells, for 24 h. After another 24-h cultivation period, the cells were subsequently treated with a multiplex collagenase, which enabled SC detachment over fibroblast detachment, and thereby facilitated SC isolation. Finally, SCs were cultured in SCCM. The cell yield was determined by cell counting following enzyme digestion and SC purity was determined from the percentage of SCs with respect to the total number of cells. Following purification, 96.3±3.9% of cells were identified as SCs. In vitro pre-degeneration in the presence of basic-fibroblast growth factor, heregulin β1 and forskolin maximized the purity and yield of SCs that could be obtained from monkey peroneal nerves. The present study identified a novel technique that can efficiently isolate and purify SCs from mature monkey nerves based on in vitro pre-degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangyang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Guofeng Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hua Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Norton Neuroscience Institute, Norton Healthcare, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zunli Shen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Steffensen N, Lehmbecker A, Gerhauser I, Wang Y, Carlson R, Tipold A, Baumgärtner W, Stein VM. Generation and characterization of highly purified canine Schwann cells from spinal nerve dorsal roots as potential new candidates for transplantation strategies. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e422-e437. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Steffensen
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience; Hannover Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience; Hannover Germany
| | - Regina Carlson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
| | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience; Hannover Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience; Hannover Germany
| | - Veronika M. Stein
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery; University of Veterinary Medicine; Hannover Germany
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Wang XP, Wu M, Guan JZ, Wang ZD, Gao XB, Liu YY. Pre-degenerated peripheral nerves co-cultured with bone marrow-derived cells: a new technique for harvesting high-purity Schwann cells. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1653-1659. [PMID: 27904498 PMCID: PMC5116846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells play an important role in the peripheral nervous system, especially in nerve repair following injury, so artificial nerve regeneration requires an effective technique for obtaining purified Schwann cells. In vivo and in vitro pre-degeneration of peripheral nerves have been shown to obtain high-purity Schwann cells. We believed that in vitro pre-degeneration was simple and controllable, and available for the clinic. Thus, we co-cultured the crushed sciatic nerves with bone marrow-derived cells in vitro. Results demonstrated that, 3 hours after injury, a large number of mononuclear cells moved to the crushed nerves and a large number of bone marrow-derived cells infiltrated the nerve segments. These changes promoted the degradation of the nerve segments, and the dedifferentiation and proliferation of Schwann cells. Neural cell adhesion molecule and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression were detected in the crushed nerves. Schwann cell yield was 9.08 ± 2.01 × 104/mg. The purity of primary cultured Schwann cells was 88.4 ± 5.79%. These indicate a successful new method for obtaining Schwann cells of high purity and yield from adult crushed sciatic nerve using bone marrow-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-pan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jian-zhong Guan
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhao-dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu-bin Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang-yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Bengbu Medical University Affiliated to First Hospital, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
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A rapid and versatile method for the isolation, purification and cryogenic storage of Schwann cells from adult rodent nerves. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31781. [PMID: 27549422 PMCID: PMC4994039 DOI: 10.1038/srep31781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein developed a protocol for the rapid procurement of adult nerve-derived Schwann cells (SCs) that was optimized to implement an immediate enzymatic dissociation of fresh nerve tissue while maintaining high cell viability, improving yields and minimizing fibroblast and myelin contamination. This protocol introduces: (1) an efficient method for enzymatic cell release immediately after removal of the epineurium and extensive teasing of the nerve fibers; (2) an adaptable drop-plating method for selective cell attachment, removal of myelin debris, and expansion of the initial SC population in chemically defined medium; (3) a magnetic-activated cell sorting purification protocol for rapid and effective fibroblast elimination; and (4) an optional step of cryopreservation for the storage of the excess of cells. Highly proliferative SC cultures devoid of myelin and fibroblast growth were obtained within three days of nerve processing. Characterization of the initial, expanded, and cryopreserved cell products confirmed maintenance of SC identity, viability and growth rates throughout the process. Most importantly, SCs retained their sensitivity to mitogens and potential for differentiation even after cryopreservation. To conclude, this easy-to-implement and clinically relevant protocol allows for the preparation of expandable homogeneous SC cultures while minimizing time, manipulation of the cells, and exposure to culture variables.
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Predegenerated Schwann cells--a novel prospect for cell therapy for glaucoma: neuroprotection, neuroregeneration and neuroplasticity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23187. [PMID: 27034151 PMCID: PMC4817039 DOI: 10.1038/srep23187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to irreversible blindness. Because the current therapies are not sufficient to protect against glaucoma-induced visual impairment, new treatment approaches are necessary to prevent disease progression. Cell transplantation techniques are currently considered to be among the most promising opportunities for nervous system damage treatment. The beneficial effects of undifferentiated cells have been investigated in experimental models of glaucoma, however experiments were accompanied by various barriers, which would make putative treatment difficult or even impossible to apply in a clinical setting. The novel therapy proposed in our study creates conditions to eliminate some of the identified barriers described for precursor cells transplantation and allows us to observe direct neuroprotective and pro-regenerative effects in ongoing optic neuropathy without additional modifications to the transplanted cells. We demonstrated that the proposed novel Schwann cell therapy might be promising, effective and easy to apply, and is safer than the alternative cell therapies for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Niapour N, Mohammadi-Ghalehbin B, Golmohammadi MG, Gholami MR, Amani M, Niapour A. An efficient system for selection and culture of Schwann cells from adult rat peripheral nerves. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:629-36. [PMID: 25680695 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs), the supporting cells of the peripheral nerves, are indispensable for regenerating the peripheral and central nervous system. Copious preparation of these cells in a well-defined manner is to be a privileged position. SCs cultivation is overwhelmed by contaminating fibroblasts which are often outgrowing as the predominant cell type in an in vitro culture. This study introduces a technically simple and efficient procedure for SCs isolation and enrichment based on implementing recombinant and defined supplements. Collected adult rat sciatic nerves were cultured for 10 days as in vitro predegeneration. After dissociation and plating, the medium changed to knockout serum replacement supplemented DMDM/F12 medium containing various growth factors. The whole procedure took 3 weeks and SCs purity was then evaluated through implementing specific cytoplasmic and membranous markers. The viability of enriched SCs were evaluated by MTT assay. Within 10 days, over 99 % homogenous SCs were achieved and confirmed through immunofluorescence staining and flow-cytometry for P75(NTR) and S100 markers, respectively. MTT data revealed that the viability and metabolic activities of purified SCs were increased in expansion medium. This study provides a technically easy and efficient method with the benefits of not utilizing bovine serum or other animal products for SCs isolation and enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behnam Mohammadi-Ghalehbin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Gholami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Niapour N, Niapour A, Sheikhkanloui Milan H, Amani M, Salehi H, Najafzadeh N, Gholami MR. All trans retinoic acid modulates peripheral nerve fibroblasts viability and apoptosis. Tissue Cell 2014; 47:61-5. [PMID: 25532484 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following peripheral nerve injury, residing fibroblasts start to proliferate and accumulate at the injury site and may participate in neuroma tissue evolution. Retinoic acid has been shown to regulate many cellular processes and to display anti-proliferative and anti-fibrotic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on rat peripheral nerve fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral nerve fibroblasts and C166 cells were treated with increasing doses of ATRA (0.05 nM to 1 μM). The viability of cells was determined with 3-(4,5-dimethlthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, the number of peripheral nerve fibroblasts was counted after two days of ATRA treatment and alternatively up to the end of next week. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining was implemented to morphologically visualize the possible mechanism of cell death. For apoptosis, caspase 3/7 activity was measured using Caspase-Glo 3/7 assay kit. RESULTS MTT assay revealed that 0.05-1 nM of ATRA reduces fibroblasts viabilities. Then, almost a plateau state was observed from 1 nM to 1 μM of ATRA exposure. Additionally, a deceleration in peripheral nerve fibroblasts growth was confirmed via cell counting. Quantification of acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining displayed highly increased number of early apoptotic cells following ATRA administration. Amplified activation of caspase 3/7 was in favor of apoptosis in ATRA treated peripheral nerve fibroblasts. CONCLUSION The data from the present study demonstrate that ATRA could interfere in peripheral nerve fibroblasts viabilities and induce apoptosis. Although more investigations are needed to be implemented, our in vitro results indicate that retinoic acid can probably help the regeneration of injured axon via reducing of fibroblasts growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ali Niapour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Hossein Salehi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nowrouz Najafzadeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Gholami
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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11
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A new protocol for cultivation of predegenerated adult rat Schwann cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 15:403-11. [PMID: 24197905 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-013-9405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize the methodology of cultivation of predegenerated Schwann cells (SCs). SCs were isolated from 7-day-predegenerated sciatic nerves of adult rats. We applied commercially available culture medium for cultivation of endothelial cells endothelial cell culture medium (EBM-2) instead of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium commonly used to culture adult Schwann cells. Additionally, cell culture medium was supplemented with factors specifically supporting SCs growth as: bovine pituitary extract (5 μg/ml), heregulin (40 ng/ml) and insulin (2.5 ng/ml). Similarly to the reports of others authors, we did not observe any beneficial effects of Forskolin application, so we didn't supplement our medium with it. Cell culture purity was determined by counting the ratio of GFAP, N-Cadherin and NGFR p75-positive cells to total number of cells. About 94-97 % of cells were confirmed as Schwann cells. As a result, we obtained sufficient number and purity of Schwann cells to be applied in different experimental models in rats. EBM-2 medium coated with fibronectin was the best for cultivation of adult rat Schwann cells.
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12
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Wang HB, Wang XP, Zhong SZ, Shen ZL. Novel method for culturing Schwann cells from adult mouse sciatic nerve in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:449-53. [PMID: 23152081 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells (SCs) are important in the recovery of peripheral nerve injury and are valuable cells for the tissue engineering of artificial neurons. Clinical applications that require pure SCs in large quantities are limited since human and mouse SCs do not attach well to the wall of the culture dish and have low proliferative potential. To obtain high quantities of highly pure SCs, we developed a new method for culturing SCs from the mouse sciatic nerve in vitro. Approximately 1.5 cm of the bilateral sciatic nerve of a c57 adult mouse was surgically removed and pre-cultured in DMEM containing either 10% FBS or growth factors. One week later, the in vitro SC culture was observed using light microscopy following enzyme digestion. Cell numbers and cell attachment were examined. The purity of the SCs was determined using s100β and p75NTR staining. Sciatic nerves that had not been pre-cultured were used as the control group. When the excised tissue was pre-cultured in vitro, high yields of SCs were obtained. The SCs were more likely to adhere and the purity was approximately 98% at the p1 generation following simple purification steps, which was significantly higher than the purity obtained from the control group. The pre-culturing of the sciatic nerve prior to in vitro tissue culturing significantly increased the quantity and quality of the SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Nanfang Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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Janssen I, Reimers K, Allmeling C, Matthes S, Vogt PM, Radtke C. Schwann cell metabolic activity in various short-term holding conditions: implications for improved nerve graft viability. Int J Otolaryngol 2012; 2012:742183. [PMID: 22272205 PMCID: PMC3261467 DOI: 10.1155/2012/742183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies for improvement of nerve regeneration and optimal conditions to prevent Schwann cell (SC) loss within a nerve transplant procedure are critical. The purpose of this study was to examine SC viability, which plays an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration, under various incubation conditions up to three hours. To address this issue, Schwann cell metabolic activity was determined using different independent test methods. The following experimental conditions were compared: SCs prepared from nerves were incubated in (1) isotonic saline solution (2) Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium as used for cell culturing, (3) Hannover bioreactor medium, and (4) Leibovitz's medium. SC metabolic activity of excised rat sciatic nerve was determined at 4°C, 18°C, and 37°C over 3 hrs. The results indicate that SC activity was optimized by the usage of Leibovitz's medium or HBRM at 37°C. Greater SC viability at the time of surgical nerve grafting could contribute to improved axonal regeneration and remyelination after nerve transplantation, and thus more successful functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Janssen
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Allmeling
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stella Matthes
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M. Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Non-viral genetic transfection of rat Schwann cells with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is feasible but impairs cell viability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:225-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1740925x11000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:To determine transfection efficiency of FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection on rat Schwann cells (SC).Methods:The ischiadic and median nerves of 6-8 week old Lewis rats were cultured in modified melanocyte-growth medium. SCs were genetically transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene using FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection. Transfection rates were determined by visualization of GFP fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy and cell counting. Transfected cell to non-transfected cell relation was determined.Results:Purity of Schwann cell culture was 88% as determined by immunohistologic staining. Transfection rate of FuGENE HD© lipofection was 2%, transfection rate of AMAXA© nucleofection was 10%. With both methods, Schwann cells showed pronounced aggregation behavior which made them unfeasible for further cultivation. Settling of Schwann cells on laminin and poly-l-ornithine coated plates was compromised by either method.Conclusion:Non-viral transfection of rat SC with FuGENE HD© lipofection and AMAXA© nucleofection is basically possible with a higher transfection rate for nucleofection than for lipofection. As cell viability is compromised by either method however, viral transfection is to be considered if higher efficiency is required.
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