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Derue H, Ribeiro-da-Silva A. Therapeutic exercise interventions in rat models of arthritis. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100130. [PMID: 37179770 PMCID: PMC10172998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis is the leading cause of musculoskeletal pain and disability worldwide. Nearly 50% of individuals over the age of 65 have arthritis, which contributes to limited function, articular pain, physical inactivity, and diminished quality of life. Therapeutic exercise is often recommended in clinical settings for patients experiencing arthritic pain, however, there is little practical guidance regarding the use of therapeutic exercise to alleviate arthritic musculoskeletal pain. Rodent models of arthritis allow researchers to control experimental variables, which cannot be done with human participants, providing an opportunity to test therapeutic approaches in preclinical models. This literature review provides a summary of published findings in therapeutic exercise interventions in rat models of arthritis as well as gaps in the existing literature. We reveal that preclinical research in this field has yet to adequately investigate the impact of experimental variables in therapeutic exercise including their modality, intensity, duration, and frequency on joint pathophysiology and pain outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Derue
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Aravagiri K, Ali A, Wang HC, Candido KD, Knezevic NN. Identifying molecular mechanisms of acute to chronic pain transition and potential drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:801-810. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2137404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Aravagiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adam Ali
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hank C Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
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3
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Bilateral tactile hypersensitivity and neuroimmune responses after spared nerve injury in mice lacking vasoactive intestinal peptide. Exp Neurol 2017; 293:62-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lynds R, Lyu C, Lyu GW, Shi XQ, Rosén A, Mustafa K, Shi TJS. Neuronal plasticity of trigeminal ganglia in mice following nerve injury. J Pain Res 2017; 10:349-357. [PMID: 28223844 PMCID: PMC5310634 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s120092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nerve injury may induce neuropathic pain. In studying the mechanisms of orofacial neuropathic pain, attention has been paid to the plastic changes that occur in the trigeminal ganglia (TGs) and nucleus in response to an injury of the trigeminal nerve branches. Previous studies have explored the impact of sciatic nerve injury on dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and it has shown dramatic changes in the expression of multiple biomarkers. In large, the changes in biomarker expression in TGs after trigeminal nerve injury are similar to that in DRGs after sciatic nerve injury. However, important differences exist. Therefore, there is a need to study the plasticity of biomarkers in TGs after nerve injury in the context of the development of neuropathic pain-like behaviors. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the plasticity of biomarkers associated with chronic persistent pain in TGs after trigeminal nerve injury. Materials and methods To mimic the chronic nature of the disorder, we used an intraoral procedure to access the infraorbital nerve (ION) and induced a nerve injury in mice. Immunohistochemistry and quantification were used for revealing the expression level of each biomarker in TGs after nerve injury. Results Two weeks after partial ION injury, immunohistochemistry results showed strongly upregulated expressions of activating transcription factor 3 and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the ipsilateral TGs. Microglial cells were also activated after nerve injury. In regard to positive neuronal profile counting, however, no significant difference in expression was observed in galanin, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated AKT, or P2X3 in ipsilateral TGs when compared to contralateral TGs. Conclusion In this study, the expression and regulation of biomarkers in TGs have been observed in response to trigeminal nerve injury. Our results suggest that NPY and Iba1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of orofacial neuropathic pain following this type of injury. Further investigations on the relevance of these changes may help to target suitable treatment possibilities for trigeminal neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Lynds
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Chuang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
| | - Gong-Wei Lyu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie-Qi Shi
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Annika Rosén
- Division for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
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The Morphofunctional Effect of the Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Predegenerated Peripheral Nerve in Chronic Paraplegic Rat Model via Spinal Cord Transection. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:389520. [PMID: 26634157 PMCID: PMC4655076 DOI: 10.1155/2015/389520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) is limited by poor axonal and cellular regeneration as well as the failure to replace damaged myelin. Employed separately, both the transplantation of the predegenerated peripheral nerve (PPN) and the transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have been shown to promote the regrowth and remyelination of the damaged central axons in SCI models of hemisection, transection, and contusion injury. With the aim to test the effects of the combined transplantation of PPN and BMSC on regrowth, remyelination, and locomotor function in an adult rat model of spinal cord (SC) transection, 39 Fischer 344 rats underwent SC transection at T9 level. Four weeks later they were randomly assigned to traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) without treatment, TSCI + Fibrin Glue (FG), TSCI + FG + PPN, and TSCI + FG + PPN + BMSCs. Eight weeks after, transplantation was carried out on immunofluorescence and electron microscope studies. The results showed greater axonal regrowth and remyelination in experimental groups TSCI + FG + PPN and TSCI + FG + PPN + BMSCs analyzed with GAP-43, neuritin, and myelin basic protein. It is concluded that the combined treatment of PPN and BMSCs is a favorable strategy for axonal regrowth and remyelination in a chronic SC transection model.
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Gallo A, Dimiziani A, Damblon J, Michot B, Des Rieux A, De Kock M, Hermans E, Deumens R. Modulation of spinal glial reactivity by intrathecal PPF is not sufficient to inhibit mechanical allodynia induced by nerve crush. Neurosci Res 2015; 95:78-82. [PMID: 25697394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinal glial reactivity has been strongly implicated in pain that follows peripheral nerve injury. Among the many therapeutic agents that have been tested for anti-allodynia through immune modulation is the atypical methylxanthine propentofylline. While propentofylline shows a potent anti-allodynia effect after nerve transection injury, we here demonstrate that, when propentofylline is used intrathecally at the effective immune-modulatory dose, allodynia after rat nerve crush injury is completely preserved. Microglial/macrophage Iba-1 and astrocytic GFAP expression, increased in the dorsal horn of nerve crushed animals, was, however, effectively attenuated by propentofylline. Effective modulation of spinal glial reactivity is, thus, no assurance for anti-allodynia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gallo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Dimiziani
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Damblon
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Michot
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Des Rieux
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Unit, Avenue E. Mounier 73, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marc De Kock
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Hermans
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ronald Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate B1.54.10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Deumens R. NO-ting a putative mechanism by which anti-migraine drugs mitigate trigeminal neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2015; 19:150-1. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Deumens
- Institute of Neuroscience (CEMO, Neuropharmacology); Université catholique de Louvain; Brussels Belgium
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Boateng EK, Novejarque A, Pheby T, Rice ASC, Huang W. Heterogeneous responses of dorsal root ganglion neurons in neuropathies induced by peripheral nerve trauma and the antiretroviral drug stavudine. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:236-45. [PMID: 25070481 PMCID: PMC4312904 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized in clinical presentation of neuropathic pain (NP), but less often recognized in animal models. Neurochemical dysregulation in rodent dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is associated with peripheral nerve trauma, but poorly studied in non-traumatic NP conditions. Methods This study aimed to investigate the temporal expressions of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and galanin in traumatic and non-traumatic rat models of neuropathies associated with NP. Expressions of these markers were examined in the DRG at different time points following tibial nerve transection (TNT) injury and antiretroviral drug stavudine (d4T) administration using immunohistochemistry. The development of sensory gain following these insults was assessed by measuring limb withdrawal to a punctate mechanical stimulus. Results Both TNT-injured and d4T-treated rats developed hindpaw mechanical hypersensitivity. Robust expressions of ATF-3, GAP-43, NPY and galanin in both small- and large-sized L5 DRG neurons were observed in the DRG from TNT-injured rats. In contrast, d4T-treated rats did not exhibit any significant neurochemical changes in the DRG. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that ATF-3, GAP-43, NPY and galanin are likely indicators of nerve trauma-associated processes and not generic markers for NP. These experiments also demonstrate distinct expression patterns of neurochemical markers in the DRG and emphasize the mechanistic difference between nerve trauma and antiretroviral drug-associated NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Boateng
- Pain Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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Tseng TJ, Hsieh YL, Ko MH, Hsieh ST. Redistribution of voltage-gated sodium channels after nerve decompression contributes to relieve neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury. Brain Res 2014; 1589:15-25. [PMID: 25038561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nerve decompression is an important therapeutic strategy to relieve neuropathic pain and promote the peripheral nerve regeneration. To address these issues, we investigated the effects of nerve decompression on relief of neuropathic pain behaviors, redistribution of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), and skin reinnervation with chronic constriction injury (CCI). At post-operative week (POW) 4, animals were divided into a decompression group, in which the ligatures were removed, and a CCI group, in which the ligatures remained. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia at POW 8 had distinct reductions in decompression group compared to CCI group. At that time in CCI group, morphological evidence of pan VGSCs (Pan Nav) and isoforms of VGSCs (Nav1.6, Nav1.9, except for Nav1.8) were shown the widely distribution along the injured sciatic nerve. All of the VGSCs in decompression group became clustering around the node of Ranvier, similar to the pattern of control sciatic nerve at POW 8. Skin reinnervation was demonstrated by epidermal nerve density (END) for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5)-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers and a significant difference between groups only at POW 24 (p=0.01). Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is participated in the nerve fiber growth and sprouting, a difference in END for GAP-43-IR nerve fibers at POW 24 between groups were also significant (p=0.02). These observations demonstrated that nerve decompression was accompanied with the disappearance of neuropathic pain behaviors after CCI. Morphological studies provided the evidence that redistribution of VGSCs along the injured sciatic nerve but still with an incomplete skin reinnervation. These significant findings demonstrated a role of VGSCs in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, and gave an approaching in pharmacological basis of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- To-Jung Tseng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miau-Hwa Ko
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Cobianchi S, de Cruz J, Navarro X. Assessment of sensory thresholds and nociceptive fiber growth after sciatic nerve injury reveals the differential contribution of collateral reinnervation and nerve regeneration to neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Up-regulation of spinal microglial Iba-1 expression persists after resolution of neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Neurosci Lett 2013; 554:146-50. [PMID: 24021808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Spinal microglial activation plays a major role in the development of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury. We here provide evidence for an elevated expression of the microglial marker Iba-1 in the lumbar dorsal horn ipsilateral to L5 spinal nerve transection that persists for at least 14 weeks, a time at which mechanical hypersensitivity had fully resolved. Iba-1 expression was, however; significantly lower than at 4 weeks. We therefore conclude that microglia remain partly activated beyond the phase of pain hypersensitivity. Thus, the relation between microglial cells and neuropathic pain outcome is subject to change over time after nerve injury.
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Wu F, Miao X, Chen J, Liu Z, Tao Y, Yu W, Sun Y. Inhibition of GAP-43 by propentofylline in a rat model of neuropathic pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1516-1522. [PMID: 23923069 PMCID: PMC3726966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neural plasticity within the spinal nociceptive network may be fundamental to the chronic nature of neuropathic pain. The relation of growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a protein involved in the nerve fiber growth and sprouting, to pain hypersensitivity has been investigated. Glial activation and inflammatory cytokines released by microglia and astrocytes are considered to be involved in the neural sprouting and plasticity. In the present study, the anti-nociception effect of propentofylline, a glial modulating agent, was investigated in a rat chronic constriction injury (CCI) model aiming to explore the role of GAP-43 expression. Our results demonstrated that propentofylline could attenuate the CCI-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia and inhibit the astrocyte activation and production of IL-1β. GAP-43 expression was also down-regulated by intrathecal propentofylline. These findings suggest that astrocyte activation is involved in the regulation of GAP-43 expression and propentofylline might be used in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuerong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineNo. 536 Changle Road, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Deumens R, Steyaert A, Forget P, Schubert M, Lavand’homme P, Hermans E, De Kock M. Prevention of chronic postoperative pain: Cellular, molecular, and clinical insights for mechanism-based treatment approaches. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 104:1-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Li Y, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Zhang H, Liu Z. Capsaicin-Induced Activation of ERK1/2 and Its Involvement in GAP-43 Expression and CGRP Depletion in Organotypically Cultured DRG Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 33:433-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-9909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wu F, Miao X, Chen J, Sun Y, Liu Z, Tao Y, Yu W. Down-regulation of GAP-43 by inhibition of caspases-3 in a rat model of neuropathic pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2012; 5:948-955. [PMID: 23119112 PMCID: PMC3484482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain remains a prevalent and persistent clinical problem due to incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the role of caspase-3 in the neuropathic pain in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI). METHODS SD rats were randomly assigned four groups (n=18 per group): sham group, normal saline group (NS group), Z-DEVD-FMK group (DEVD group) and RNA interference group (siRNA group). Z-DEVD-FMK (1 U/30 μl), siRNA targeting caspase-3 (10 μg/30 μl) and NS of equal volume were intrathecally administered once daily for 5 days starting 1 day before surgery in the DEVD, siRNA and NS group, respectively. Thermal hyperalgesia was assessed at one day before and 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 days after surgery. The mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3 were measured by real time PCR and immunofluorescence assay. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. GAP-43 expression was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. RESULTS The right paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was decreased after CCI (P<0.05). TUNEL-positive neurons and the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3 in the spinal cord were increased significantly. After Z-DEVD-FMK or siRNA treatment, TUNEL-positive neurons were decreased, PWLs increased (P<0.05) and the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3 decreased. The expression of GAP-43, a sprouting related protein, was decreased in the DEVD and siRNA group as compared to NS group (P<0.05). Up-regulation of GAP-43 following CCI was decreased following caspase-3 inhibition. Following sciatic nerve ligation, the gene expression, translation and transcription are significantly changed in the neurons which finally results in neuron apoptosis. The neuron apoptosis induce the up-regulation of GAP-43 expression leading to hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION Caspase-3 mediated neuron apoptosis is probably responsible for the neuropathic pain in CCI rats. Inhibition of caspase-3 may serve as a treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuerong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineNo. 536 Changle Road, Shanghai 200126, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital, the Second Military Medical UniversityNo. 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Knaepen L, Patijn J, van Kleef M, Mulder M, Tibboel D, Joosten EAJ. Neonatal repetitive needle pricking: plasticity of the spinal nociceptive circuit and extended postoperative pain in later life. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 73:85-97. [PMID: 22821778 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive exposure of neonates to noxious events is inherent to their health status monitoring in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Altered basal nociception in the absence of an injury in later life has been demonstrated in ex-NICU children, but the impact on pain hypersensitivity following an injury in later life is unknown. Also, underlying mechanisms for such long-term changes are relatively unknown. The objective of this study is to investigate acute and long-term effects of neonatal repetitive painful skin-breaking procedures on nociception and to investigate plasticity of the nociceptive circuit. The repetitive needle prick animal model was used in which neonatal rats received four needle pricks into the left hind paw per day during the first postnatal week and control animals received nonpainful tactile stimuli. Repetitive needle pricking during the first week of life induced acute hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli. At the age of 8 weeks, increased duration of postoperative hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli after ipsilateral hind paw incision was shown in needle prick animals. Basal nociception from 3 to 8 weeks of age was unaffected by neonatal repetitive needle pricking. Increased calcitonin gene-related peptide expression was observed in the ipsilateral and contralateral lumbar spinal cord but not in the hind paw of needle prick animals at the age of 8 weeks. Innervation of tactile Aβ-fibers in the spinal cord was not affected. Our results indicate both acute and long-term effects of repetitive neonatal skin breaking procedures on nociception and long-term plasticity of spinal but not peripheral innervation of nociceptive afferents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Knaepen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Management and Research Center, Maastricht University Medical Center, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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