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Szczygielski J, Hubertus V, Kruchten E, Müller A, Albrecht LF, Schwerdtfeger K, Oertel J. Prolonged course of brain edema and neurological recovery in a translational model of decompressive craniectomy after closed head injury in mice. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1308683. [PMID: 38053795 PMCID: PMC10694459 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1308683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a matter of debate. According to the DECRA trial, craniectomy may have a negative impact on functional outcome, while the RescueICP trial revealed a positive effect of surgical decompression, which is evolving over time. This ambivalence of craniectomy has not been studied extensively in controlled laboratory experiments. Objective The goal of the current study was to investigate the prolonged effects of decompressive craniectomy (both positive and negative) in an animal model. Methods Male mice were assigned to the following groups: sham, decompressive craniectomy, TBI and TBI followed by craniectomy. The analysis of functional outcome was performed at time points 3d, 7d, 14d and 28d post trauma according to the Neurological Severity Score and Beam Balance Score. At the same time points, magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and brain edema was analyzed. Results Animals subjected to both trauma and craniectomy presented the exacerbation of the neurological impairment that was apparent mostly in the early course (up to 7d) after injury. Decompressive craniectomy also caused a significant increase in brain edema volume (initially cytotoxic with a secondary shift to vasogenic edema and gliosis). Notably, delayed edema plus gliosis appeared also after decompression even without preceding trauma. Conclusion In prolonged outcomes, craniectomy applied after closed head injury in mice aggravates posttraumatic brain edema, leading to additional functional impairment. This effect is, however, transient. Treatment options that reduce brain swelling after decompression may accelerate neurological recovery and should be explored in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Instutute of Neuropathology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Vanessa Hubertus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eduard Kruchten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
- Institute of Interventional and Diagnostic Radiology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Radiology, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Franziska Albrecht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Saarland University Medical Center and Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
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Jing Y, Zhang L, Chen SW, Guo Y, Ju SM, Yuan F, Chen H, Yang DX, Tian HL, Xu ZM, Ding J. Inhibiting phosphatase and actin regulator 1 expression is neuroprotective in the context of traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1578-1583. [PMID: 36571365 PMCID: PMC10075113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have found that the phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression can be related to stroke, but it remains unclear whether changes in phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression also play a role in traumatic brain injury. In this study we found that, in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury induced by controlled cortical impact, phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression is increased in endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. When we overexpressed phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 by injection an adeno-associated virus vector into the contused area in the traumatic brain injury mice, the water content of the brain tissue increased. However, when phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 was knocked down, the water content decreased. We also found that inhibiting phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 expression regulated the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, decreased blood-brain barrier permeability, reduced aquaporin 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, inhibited neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, thereby improving neurological function. The findings from this study indicate that phosphatase actin regulatory factor 1 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Wen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ming Ju
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Xu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng-Li Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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EPO has multiple positive effects on astrocytes in an experimental model of ischemia. Brain Res 2023; 1802:148207. [PMID: 36549360 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective effects in central nervous system injury models. In clinical trials EPO has shown beneficial effects in traumatic brain injury (TBI) as well as in ischemic stroke. We have previously shown that EPO has short-term effects on astrocyte glutamatergic signaling in vitro and that administration of EPO after experimental TBI decreases early cytotoxic brain edema and preserves structural and functional properties of the blood-brain barrier. These effects have been attributed to preserved or restored astrocyte function. Here we explored the effects of EPO on astrocytes undergoing oxygen-glucose-deprivation, an in vitro model of ischemia. Measurements of glutamate uptake, intracellular pH, intrinsic NADH fluorescence, Na,K-ATPase activity, and lactate release were performed. We found that EPO within minutes caused a Na,K-ATPase-dependent increase in glutamate uptake, restored intracellular acidification caused by glutamate and increased lactate release. The effects on intracellular pH were dependent on the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE. In neuron-astrocyte co-cultures, EPO increased NADH production both in astrocytes and neurons, however the increase was greater in astrocytes. We suggest that EPO preserves astrocyte function under ischemic conditions and thus may contribute to neuroprotection in ischemic stroke and brain ischemia secondary to TBI.
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van Erp IAM, Michailidou I, van Essen TA, van der Jagt M, Moojen W, Peul WC, Baas F, Fluiter K. Tackling Neuroinflammation After Traumatic Brain Injury: Complement Inhibition as a Therapy for Secondary Injury. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:284-303. [PMID: 36222978 PMCID: PMC10119357 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality, sensorimotor morbidity, and neurocognitive disability. Neuroinflammation is one of the key drivers causing secondary brain injury after TBI. Therefore, attenuation of the inflammatory response is a potential therapeutic goal. This review summarizes the most important neuroinflammatory pathophysiology resulting from TBI and the clinical trials performed to attenuate neuroinflammation. Studies show that non-selective attenuation of the inflammatory response, in the early phase after TBI, might be detrimental and that there is a gap in the literature regarding pharmacological trials targeting specific pathways. The complement system and its crosstalk with the coagulation system play an important role in the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury after TBI. Therefore, regaining control over the complement cascades by inhibiting overshooting activation might constitute useful therapy. Activation of the complement cascade is an early component of neuroinflammation, making it a potential target to mitigate neuroinflammation in TBI. Therefore, we have described pathophysiological aspects of complement inhibition and summarized animal studies targeting the complement system in TBI. We also present the first clinical trial aimed at inhibition of complement activation in the early days after brain injury to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality following severe TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A M van Erp
- University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Haaglanden Medical Center and HaGa Hospital, Leiden and The Hague, Albinusdreef 2, J-11-R-83, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A van Essen
- University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Haaglanden Medical Center and HaGa Hospital, Leiden and The Hague, Albinusdreef 2, J-11-R-83, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu van der Jagt
- Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Moojen
- University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Haaglanden Medical Center and HaGa Hospital, Leiden and The Hague, Albinusdreef 2, J-11-R-83, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco C Peul
- University Neurosurgical Center Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Haaglanden Medical Center and HaGa Hospital, Leiden and The Hague, Albinusdreef 2, J-11-R-83, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Wang C, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Xu Q. Characterization of EPO H131S as a key mutation site in the hypoxia-adaptive evolution of Gymnocypris dobula. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:723-733. [PMID: 35553293 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone involved in proerythropoiesis, antioxidation, and antiapoptosis. It also contributes to cellular immune function in high-altitude species, such as the schizothoracine fish Gymnocypris dobula. Six mutation sites previously identified in EPO from G. dobula (GD-EPO) were injected into zebrafish embryos, and their effects were compared with EPO from the low-altitude schizothoracine Schizothorax prenanti. The key mutation site in GD-EPO was identified as H131S. Under hypoxic conditions, the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were decreased, whereas that of nitric oxide was increased in zebrafish injected with GD-EPO compared with those injected with S. prenanti-EPO (SP-EPO). The results suggest that EPO in high-altitude schizothoracine species is both antioxidative and antiapoptotic, driven by the H131S mutation site. Thus, this enhanced the ability of this species to adapt to the high-altitude hypoxic environment. These results provide a basis for investigating further the hypoxia adaptation mechanisms of teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianghua Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Fisheries Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
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Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90 Attenuates the Damage of Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Traumatic Brain Injury Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5585384. [PMID: 35450406 PMCID: PMC9018170 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5585384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is widely found in brain tissue. HSP90 inhibition has been proven to have neuroprotective effects on ischemic strokes. In order to study the role of HSP90 in traumatic brain injury (TBI), we carried out the present study. A novel inhibitor of the HSP90 protein, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DA), has been investigated for its function on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mouse models. These C57BL/6 mice were used as a TBI model and received 17-DA (0.1 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneally) until the experiment ended. To find out whether 17-DA may protect against TBI in vitro, bEnd.3 cells belonging to mouse brain microvascular endothelium were used. The HSP90 protein expressions were raised after TBI at the pericontusional area, especially at 3 d. Our study suggested that 17-DA-treated mice improved the recovery ability of neurological deficits and decreased brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, and the loss of tight junction proteins (TJPs) post-TBI. 17-DA significantly promoted cell proliferation and alleviated apoptosis by inhibiting the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) to downregulate cleaved caspase-3, matrix metallopeptidase- (MMP-) 2, MMP-9, and P-P65 in bEnd.3 cells after the injury. As a result, we assumed that the HSP90 protein was activated post-TBI, and inhibition of HSP90 protein reduced the disruption of BBB and improved the neurobehavioral scores in a mouse model of TBI through the action of 17-DA, which inhibited ROS generation and regulated MMP-2, MMP-9, NF-κB, and caspase-associated pathways. Thus, blocking HSP90 protein may be a potential therapeutic strategy for TBI.
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7
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Ma Y, Zhou Z, Yang GY, Ding J, Wang X. The Effect of Erythropoietin and Its Derivatives on Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Comprehensive Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:743926. [PMID: 35250554 PMCID: PMC8892214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.743926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies explored the therapeutic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on neurodegenerative diseases. Few studies provided comprehensive and latest knowledge of EPO treatment for ischemic stroke. In the present review, we introduced the structure, expression, function of EPO, and its receptors in the central nervous system. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed EPO treatment in pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, and its therapeutic mechanisms including suppressing inflammation. Finally, advanced studies of the therapy of EPO derivatives in ischemic stroke were also discussed. We wish to provide valuable information on EPO and EPO derivatives’ treatment for ischemic stroke for basic researchers and clinicians to accelerate the process of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guo-Yuan Yang, ; Jing Ding,
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hu G, Wang T, Ma C. EPO activates PI3K-IKKα-CDK1 signaling pathway to promote the proliferation of Glial Cells under hypoxia environment. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210249. [PMID: 35167649 PMCID: PMC8846297 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO), supports the function and survival of neurons through astrocytes and has a protective role in neonatal asphyxia brain injury; yet, its mechanism of action remains unclear. As a neuroprotective factor, EPO is also used in the treatment of various diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, by decreasing inflammatory reaction, resisting apoptosis, and lowering oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effect and mechanism of EPO on promoting human brain glial cell proliferation under hypoxia in vitro. Under CoC12-induced hypoxia, after adding EPO, high-throughput sequencing was used to screen out meaningful up-regulated and significant differentially expressed genes PI3K, IKKα CDK1 related to proliferation, and make further verification by qPCR and western blotting. Under hypoxia, EPO promoted cell proliferation and the expression of PI3K while this effect was inhibited (along with a decrease of downstream genes IKKα and CDK1 decreased) after adding PI3K inhibitor to cell culture. EPO can promote cell proliferation and CDK1 expression, while after inhibiting CDK1 expression, the promotion of EPO on cell proliferation was eliminated. These data proved that EPO promotes the proliferation of U251 cells by activating the PI3K-IKKα-CDK1 signaling pathway under CoC12-induced hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejile Hu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Hospital of Inner Mengolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Inner Mongolia University, School of Life Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
| | - Chunjie Ma
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mengolia, China
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Szczygielski J, Kopańska M, Wysocka A, Oertel J. Cerebral Microcirculation, Perivascular Unit, and Glymphatic System: Role of Aquaporin-4 as the Gatekeeper for Water Homeostasis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:767470. [PMID: 34966347 PMCID: PMC8710539 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.767470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past, water homeostasis of the brain was understood as a certain quantitative equilibrium of water content between intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular spaces governed mostly by hydrostatic effects i.e., strictly by physical laws. The recent achievements in molecular bioscience have led to substantial changes in this regard. Some new concepts elaborate the idea that all compartments involved in cerebral fluid homeostasis create a functional continuum with an active and precise regulation of fluid exchange between them rather than only serving as separate fluid receptacles with mere passive diffusion mechanisms, based on hydrostatic pressure. According to these concepts, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) plays the central role in cerebral fluid homeostasis, acting as a water channel protein. The AQP4 not only enables water permeability through the blood-brain barrier but also regulates water exchange between perivascular spaces and the rest of the glymphatic system, described as pan-cerebral fluid pathway interlacing macroscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces with the interstitial fluid of brain tissue. With regards to this, AQP4 makes water shift strongly dependent on active processes including changes in cerebral microcirculation and autoregulation of brain vessels capacity. In this paper, the role of the AQP4 as the gatekeeper, regulating the water exchange between intracellular space, glymphatic system (including the so-called neurovascular units), and intravascular compartment is reviewed. In addition, the new concepts of brain edema as a misbalance in water homeostasis are critically appraised based on the newly described role of AQP4 for fluid permeation. Finally, the relevance of these hypotheses for clinical conditions (including brain trauma and stroke) and for both new and old therapy concepts are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marta Kopańska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Wysocka
- Chair of Internal Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Rink S, Manthou ME, Arnold J, Grigo M, Dicken P, Abdulla DSY, Bendella H, Nohroudi K, Angelov DN. Motor, sensitive, and vegetative recovery in rats with compressive spinal-cord injury after combined treatment with erythropoietin and whole-body vibration. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 39:85-100. [PMID: 33612500 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical therapy with whole body vibration (WBV) following compressive spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats restores density of perisomatic synapses, improves body weight support and leads to a better bladder function. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the combined treatment with WBV plus erythropoietin (EPO) would further improve motor, sensory and vegetative functions after SCI in rats. METHODS Severe compressive SCI at low thoracic level was followed by a single i.p. injection of 2,5μg (250 IU) human recombinant EPO. Physical therapy with WBV started on 14th day after injury and continued over a 12-week post injury period. Locomotor recovery, sensitivity tests and urinary bladder scores were analysed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after SCI. The closing morphological measurements included lesion volume and numbers of axons in the preserved perilesional neural tissue bridges (PNTB). RESULTS Assessment of motor performance sensitivity and bladder function revealed no significant effects of EPO when compared to the control treatments. EPO treatment neither reduced the lesion volume, nor increased the number of axons in PNTB. CONCLUSIONS The combination of WBV + EPO exerts no positive effects on hind limbs motor performance and bladder function after compressive SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Rink
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julia Arnold
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Merle Grigo
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paulina Dicken
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Diana Saad Yousif Abdulla
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Network Genomic Medicine, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Habib Bendella
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Witten/Herdecke, Cologne Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION This case demonstrates an underrecognized cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). CASE REPORT We report a 51-year-old male with a history of essential hypertension without preexisting renal impairment who presented with 3 days of occipital headache and convulsive status epilepticus in the setting of refractory hypertension. He had been receiving outpatient human recombinant erythropoietin injections for virally mediated bone marrow suppression, which worsened his baseline hypertension. Magnetic resosnance imaging (MRI) of the brain on admission showed diffuse bilateral, symmetric signal hyperintensities and patchy enhancement involving the cortex and white matter in both cerebral hemispheres. His blood pressure and seizures were successfully treated during hospital admission, with complete resolution of his neurological deficits. MRI brain performed 6 weeks from initial scan showed normalization of his prior findings. CONCLUSION Recombinant human erythropoietin (RhEPO) may be an underrecognized cause of PRES and should be considered in patients receiving this treatment regardless of the absence or presence of renal impairment. RhEPO-mediated precipitation/exacerbation of hypertension, alterations in cerebral blood flow, and changes in endothelial integrity may underlie this association. MRI signal changes are reversible and typical for that of PRES, and significant improvement of symptoms can be expected.
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12
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Liu E, Peng X, Ma H, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Sun L, Yan J. The Involvement of Aquaporin-4 in the Interstitial Fluid Drainage Impairment Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:611494. [PMID: 33574749 PMCID: PMC7870692 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.611494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not yet been clarified. The glymphatic system (GS), a glia-dependent waste clearance pathway, drains away soluble waste proteins and metabolic products, even some toxic factors from the brain. Aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) is highly expressed on the astrocyte foot processes and facilitates the interstitial fluid (ISF) transportation in the GS system. In this study, the role of Aqp4 in the GS injury after SAH was explored using Aqp4 gene knockout (Aqp4−/−) Sprague Dawley rats. The results of MRI, fluorescent imaging, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that, after SAH, the inflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and the clearance of ISF from the brain were both significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the expression level of Aqp4 around the artery was markedly higher than that around the vein following SAH. Aqp4 knockout exacerbated the GS damage after SAH. In summary, after SAH, there was an apparent GS impairment, and Aqp4 played key roles in modulating the function of GS in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianlong Peng
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haowen Ma
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xue Y, Ding J, Liu Y, Pan Y, Zhao P, Ren Z, Xu J, Ye L, Xu Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Loaded Tween 80-Albumin Nanoparticle for Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8495-8506. [PMID: 33154639 PMCID: PMC7608583 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s264025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health problem with few available treatment options. Rh-erythropoietin (rh-EPO) is a potential therapeutic drug for TBI, but it cannot cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) directly. In this regard, a novel strategy to deliver rh-EPO for enhanced TBI treatment is via the development of Tween 80 modified albumin nanoparticles using electrostatic spray technology. METHODS The rh-EPO loaded Tween 80 modified albumin nanoparticles (rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs) were prepared by electrostatic spray technology, while the process parameters were optimized via a single factor design. Investigation of physicochemical properties, bioactivity and stability of rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs was carried out. The in vitro release and biocompatibility with nerve cells were also analyzed. The in vivo brain targeting efficiency, brain edema relieving effect and the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brain were evaluated in TBI model rats. RESULTS The particle size of optimal rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs was about 438 ± 45 nm, with a zeta potential of -25.42 ± 0.8 mv. The average drug loading ratio of rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs was 21.3± 3.7 IU/mg with a relative bioactivity of 91.6 ± 4.1%. The in vitro release of rh-EPO from the nanoparticles was rather slow, while neither the blank Tw-ABNPs nor rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs exhibited toxicity on the microglia cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that the rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs could enhance the distribution of EPO in the brain and relieve brain edema more effectively. Moreover, compared with an rh-EPO injection, the rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs could increase the AQP4 level but reduced GFAP expression in the brain with more efficiency. CONCLUSION The rh-EPO-Tw-ABNPs could enhance the transport of rh-EPO into the brain with superior therapeutic effect for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penglai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing210029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Lishui People’s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch Southeast University, Nanjing211200, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Michinaga S, Inoue A, Yamamoto H, Ryu R, Inoue A, Mizuguchi H, Koyama Y. Endothelin receptor antagonists alleviate blood-brain barrier disruption and cerebral edema in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury: A comparison between bosentan and ambrisentan. Neuropharmacology 2020; 175:108182. [PMID: 32561219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is induced by the immediate physical disruption of brain tissue. TBI causes disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain edema. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBI patients, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is increased, suggesting that ET-1 aggravates TBI-induced brain damage. In this study, the effect of bosentan (ETA/ETB antagonist) and ambrisentan (ETA antagonist) on BBB dysfunction and brain edema were examined in a mouse model of TBI using lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI). FPI to the mouse cerebrum increased the expression levels of ET-1 and ETB receptors. Administration of bosentan (3 or 15 mg/kg/day) and ambrisentan (0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg/day) at 6 and 24 h after FPI ameliorated BBB disruption and cerebral brain edema. Delayed administration of bosentan from 2 days after FPI also reduced BBB disruption and brain edema, while ambrisentan had no significant effects. FPI-induced expression levels of ET-1 and ETB receptors were reduced by bosentan, but not by ambrisentan. In cultured mouse astrocytes and brain microvessel endothelial cells, ET-1 (100 nM) increased prepro--ET-1 mRNA, which was inhibited by bosentan, but not by ambrisentan. FPI-induced alterations of the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and angiopoietin-1 in the mouse cerebrum were reduced by delayed administration of bosentan, while ambrisentan had no significant effects. These results suggest that ET antagonists are effective in improving BBB disruption and cerebral edema in TBI patients and that an ETA/ETB non-selective type of antagonists is more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Michinaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Anna Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Ryu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Ayana Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-Kita Higashinada, Kobe, 668-8558, Japan.
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15
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Liu E, Sun L, Zhang Y, Wang A, Yan J. Aquaporin4 Knockout Aggravates Early Brain Injury Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Through Impairment of the Glymphatic System in Rat Brain. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2020; 127:59-64. [PMID: 31407064 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04615-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reported that the expression of aquaporin4 (AQP4) in the brain is increased and leads to the brain edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, by using AQP4 knockout rat model, the opposite role of AQP4 in early brain injury following SAH through modulation of interstitial fluid (ISF) transportation in the brain glymphatic system had been explored. METHODS The SAH model was established using endovascular perforation method, the AQP4 knockout rat model was generated using TALENs (transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases) technique. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: sham (n = 16), AQP4-/-sham (n = 16), SAH (n = 24), and AQP4-/-SAH groups (n = 27). The roles of AQP4 in the brain water content and neurological function were detected. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Nissl staining were applied to observe the effects of AQP4 on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and the loss of neurons in the hippocampus. To explore the potential mechanism of these effects, the distribution of Gd-DTPA (interstitial fluid indicator) injected from cisterna magna was evaluated with MRI. RESULTS Following SAH, AQP4 knockout could significantly increase the water content in the whole brain and aggravate the neurological deficits. Furthermore, the loss of neuron and BBB disruption in hippocampus were also exacerbated. The MRI results indicated that the ISF transportation in the glymphatic system of AQP4 deficit rat was significantly injured. CONCLUSION AQP4 facilitates the ISF transportation in the brain to eliminate the toxic factors; AQP4 knockout will aggravate the early brain injury following SAH through impairment of the glymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Aibo Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Beijing, China.
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16
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Jantzie L, El Demerdash N, Newville JC, Robinson S. Time to reconsider extended erythropoietin treatment for infantile traumatic brain injury? Exp Neurol 2019; 318:205-215. [PMID: 31082389 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most efforts to reduce the chronic impact of pediatric TBI involve prevention and minimization of secondary injury. Currently, no treatments are used in routine clinical care during the acute and subacute phases to actively repair injury to the developing brain. The endogenous pluripotent cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) holds promise as an emerging neuroreparative agent in perinatal brain injury (PBI). EPO signaling in the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for multiple stages of neurodevelopment, including the genesis, survival and differentiation of multiple lineages of neural cells. Postnatally, EPO signaling decreases markedly as the CNS matures. Importantly, high-dose, extended EPO regimens have shown efficacy in preclinical controlled cortical impact (CCI) models of infant TBI at two different, early ages by independent research groups. Specifically, extended high-dose EPO treatment after infantile CCI prevents long-term cognitive deficits in adult rats. Because of the striking differences in the molecular and cellular responses to both injury and recovery in the developing and mature CNS, and the excellent safety profile of EPO in infants and children, extended courses of EPO are currently in Phase III trials for neonates with PBI. Extended, high-dose EPO may also warrant testing for infants and young children with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Jantzie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87111,United States.; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, United States..
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, United States
| | - Jessie C Newville
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87111,United States.; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, United States
| | - Shenandoah Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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17
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Li HB. Restorative effect of modified dioscorea pills on the structure of hippocampal neurovascular unit in an animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01567. [PMID: 31183430 PMCID: PMC6488689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A considerable part of old people suffer from Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) in their long lives but have no way to change. The Modified Dioscorea Pills (MDP), a Chinese compound herbal prescription, has good clinical efficacy for CCH related diseases such as Vascular Dementia, whereas, what happened and how MDP works in CCH need to be clarified. Here, we investigate the neural inflammation and gliosis, neuronal apoptosis and regeneration in an animal model of CCH and interfered with MDP to explore some mechanisms of this Chinese herbal medication. Methods 40 rats were randomly divided into Sham operated Group, Model Group and MDP Group according to a Random Number Table. CCH models were made by the modified 2-VO (two vessels occlusion) operation. The intelligence of rats were measured by Morris Water Maze (MWM) test; H & E staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were applied to observe the pathological and ultrastructural changes in hippocampus; The expression of key genes including growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and key protein including Bax, Bcl-2, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB p65), microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2), Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2(Olig-2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) of hippocampus were detected. Results CCH lead to learning and memorial impairment and MDP can partly restore them; Neural inflammation, Neuronal apoptosis and astrocyte hyperplasia were common in Model Group but they were partly reversed by MDP; The expressions of GAP-43mRAN and VEGF mRNA in Model Group were much higher than those in Sham operated Group, but they reached the highest in MDP Group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Conclusions Through regulating the expressions of key genes and proteins, MDP partly restore the intrinsic structure of Neurovascular Unit (NVU) in hippocampus, which revealed one of its therapeutic mechanisms on CCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Li
- Emergency Department of the First People's Hospital of Guiyang, No. 97, Bo-ai Road, Nanming District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a 34kD pleiotropic cytokine that was first identified as being essential for red blood cell (RBC) production. It is now recognized however that EPO is produced by many tissues. It plays a key role in the modulation of the response to injury, inflammation, and tissue hypoxia via the inhibition of apoptosis. Large clinical trials in the critically ill failed to demonstrate a role for EPO as an RBC transfusion sparing agent; however, improved clinical outcomes, attributable to EPO role in tissue protection are observed in critically ill trauma patients. Further research to confirm or refute these observations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig French
- Western Health, Footscray Hospital, Gordon Street Footscray, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Monash University, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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19
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Szczygielski J, Glameanu C, Müller A, Klotz M, Sippl C, Hubertus V, Schäfer KH, Mautes AE, Schwerdtfeger K, Oertel J. Changes in Posttraumatic Brain Edema in Craniectomy-Selective Brain Hypothermia Model Are Associated With Modulation of Aquaporin-4 Level. Front Neurol 2018; 9:799. [PMID: 30333785 PMCID: PMC6176780 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hypothermia and decompressive craniectomy have been considered as a treatment for traumatic brain injury. In previous experiments we established a murine model of decompressive craniectomy and we presented attenuated edema formation due to focal brain cooling. Since edema development is regulated via function of water channel proteins, our hypothesis was that the effects of decompressive craniectomy and of hypothermia are associated with a change in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) concentration. Male CD-1 mice were assigned into following groups (n = 5): sham, decompressive craniectomy, trauma, trauma followed by decompressive craniectomy and trauma + decompressive craniectomy followed by focal hypothermia. After 24 h, magnetic resonance imaging with volumetric evaluation of edema and contusion were performed, followed by ELISA analysis of AQP4 concentration in brain homogenates. Additional histopathological analysis of AQP4 immunoreactivity has been performed at more remote time point of 28d. Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between AQP4 level and both volume of edema (r2 = 0.45, p < 0.01, **) and contusion (r2 = 0.41, p < 0.01, **) 24 h after injury. Aggregated analysis of AQP4 level (mean ± SEM) presented increased AQP4 concentration in animals subjected to trauma and decompressive craniectomy (52.1 ± 5.2 pg/mL, p = 0.01; *), but not to trauma, decompressive craniectomy and hypothermia (45.3 ± 3.6 pg/mL, p > 0.05; ns) as compared with animals subjected to decompressive craniectomy only (32.8 ± 2.4 pg/mL). However, semiquantitative histopathological analysis at remote time point revealed no significant difference in AQP4 immunoreactivity across the experimental groups. This suggests that AQP4 is involved in early stages of brain edema formation after surgical decompression. The protective effect of selective brain cooling may be related to change in AQP4 response after decompressive craniectomy. The therapeutic potential of this interaction should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Cosmin Glameanu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Müller
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Klotz
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System (AGENS), University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christoph Sippl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hubertus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System (AGENS), University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Angelika E Mautes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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20
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Wang B, Li W, Jin H, Nie X, Shen H, Li E, Wang W. Curcumin attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced brain injuries by inhibiting AQP4 and p38 MAPK pathway. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2018; 255:50-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Gao Y, Zhang MY, Wang T, Fan YY, Yu LS, Ye GH, Wang ZF, Gao C, Wang HC, Luo CL, Tao LY. IL-33/ST2L Signaling Provides Neuroprotection Through Inhibiting Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:95. [PMID: 29922130 PMCID: PMC5996884 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokine family and an extracellular ligand for the orphan IL-1 receptor ST2. Accumulated evidence shows that the IL-33/ST2 axis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the roles and molecular mechanisms of the IL-33/ST2 axis after TBI remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-33/ST2 signaling in mouse TBI-induced brain edema and neurobehavioral deficits, and further exploited underlying mechanisms, using salubrinal (SAL), the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor and anti-ST2L. The increase in IL-33 level and the decrease in ST2L level at injured cortex were first observed at 24 h post-TBI. By immunofluorescent double-labeled staining, IL-33 co-localized in GFAP-positive astrocytes, and Olig-2-positive oligodendrocytes, and predominantly presented in their nucleus. Additionally, TBI-induced brain water content, motor function outcome, and spatial learning and memory deficits were alleviated by IL-33 treatment. Moreover, IL-33 and SAL alone, or their combination prevented TBI-induced the increase of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, suppressed the up-regulation of ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy after TBI. However, anti-ST2L treatment could significantly invert the above effects of IL-33. Together, these data demonstrate that IL-33/ST2 signaling mitigates TBI-induced brain edema, motor function outcome, spatial learning and memory deficits, at least in part, by a mechanism involving suppressing autophagy, ER stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Fan
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Yu
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hua Ye
- Department of Forensic Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zu-Feng Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao-Chen Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Luo
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yang Tao
- Department of Forensic Science, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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