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Ke H, Bai F, Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Talifu Z, Pan Y, Liu W, Xu X, Gao F, Yang D, Du L, Yu Y, Li J. Inhibition of phospholipase D promotes neurological function recovery and reduces neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury in mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1352630. [PMID: 38572075 PMCID: PMC10987874 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1352630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severely disabling disease. Hyperactivation of neuroinflammation is one of the main pathophysiological features of secondary SCI, with phospholipid metabolism playing an important role in regulating inflammation. Phospholipase D (PLD), a critical lipid-signaling molecule, is known to be involved in various physiological processes, including the regulation of inflammation. Despite this knowledge, the specific role of PLD in SCI remains unclear. Methods In this study, we constructed mouse models of SCI and administered PLD inhibitor (FIPI) treatment to investigate the efficacy of PLD. Additionally, transcriptome sequencing and protein microarray analysis of spinal cord tissues were conducted to further elucidate its mechanism of action. Results The results showed that PLD expression increased after SCI, and inhibition of PLD significantly improved the locomotor ability, reduced glial scarring, and decreased the damage of spinal cord tissues in mice with SCI. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that inhibition of PLD altered gene expression in inflammation regulation. Subsequently, the protein microarray analysis of spinal cord tissues revealed variations in numerous inflammatory factors. Biosignature analysis pointed to an association with immunity, thus confirming the results obtained from transcriptome sequencing. Discussion Collectively, these observations furnish compelling evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of FIPI in the context of SCI, while also offering important insights into the PLD function which may be a potential therapeutic target for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ke
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjia Zhang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuliyaer Talifu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Pan
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wubo Liu
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Degang Yang
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Du
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing Bo’ai Hospital, Beijing, China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Saruta K, Fukutoku T, Kumagai G, Nagaoki T, Tsukuda M, Nitobe Y, Wada K, Asari T, Fujita T, Sasaki I, Nikaido Y, Shimoyama S, Ueno S, Ishibashi Y. Intraperitoneal Administration of Etizolam Improves Locomotor Function in Mice After Spinal Cord Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:82-96. [PMID: 36874147 PMCID: PMC9983139 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation occurs in the acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI) and inhibits neural regeneration. In mouse models, etizolam (ETZ) is a strong anxiolytic with unclear effects on SCI. This study investigated the effects of short-term administration of ETZ on neuroinflammation and behavior in mice after SCI. We administrated an ETZ (0.5 mg/kg) daily intraperitoneal injection from the day after SCI for 7 days. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (sham group: only laminectomy, saline group, and ETZ group). Inflammatory cytokine concentrations in the injured spinal cord epicenter were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 7 after SCI to evaluate spinal cord inflammation in the acute phase. Behavior analysis was performed the day before surgery and on days 7, 14, 28, and 42 after surgery. The behavioral analysis included anxiety-like behavior using the open field test, locomotor function using the Basso Mouse Scale, and sensory function using the mechanical and heat test. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations were significantly lower in the ETZ group than in the saline group in the acute phase after spinal surgery. After SCI, anxiety-like behaviors and sensory functions were comparable between the ETZ and saline groups. ETZ administration reduced neuroinflammation in the spinal cord and improved locomotor function. Gamma-amino butyric acid type A receptor stimulants may be effective therapeutic agents for patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Saruta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Fukutoku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Gentaro Kumagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Nagaoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manami Tsukuda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohshiro Nitobe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kanichiro Wada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toru Asari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Taku Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Isamu Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Fukutoku T, Kumagai G, Fujita T, Sasaki A, Wada K, Liu X, Tanaka T, Kudo H, Asari T, Nikaido Y, Ueno S, Ishibashi Y. Sex-Related Differences in Anxiety and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:2235-2243. [PMID: 32486893 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that female rats have a sex-related advantage in functional recovery and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the association between anxiety and neurological function after SCI in female and male rats remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine sex-related differences in anxiety and neurological dysfunction after SCI in adult C57/BL6 male and female mice. After laminectomy at the 10th thoracic level, a contusive SCI was induced. The sham group received only a T10 laminectomy. Behavior testing (anxiety, motor/sensory function) was performed for 6 weeks after SCI. The spinal cord and preserved myelinated areas at the epicenter were histologically evaluated. Correlations between anxiety and motor/sensory function or histological parameters were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Female and male mice showed significantly higher anxiety-like behaviors after SCI than before SCI. Anxiousness was significantly higher in female mice than in male mice after SCI. There was no significant difference in motor/sensory functions and histological features between the two groups. Anxiety-like behaviors were significantly correlated with sensory function at 2 weeks after SCI in female mice and with motor function at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after SCI in male mice. Anxiety-like behaviors were not significantly correlated with the spinal cord area at the epicenter in female and male mice. Our results revealed that female mice became more anxious than male mice after SCI. Anxiety-like behavior after SCI may be associated with functional recovery, and improving anxiety may affect functional recovery after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Fukutoku
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Gentaro Kumagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Taku Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kanichiro Wada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kudo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Toru Asari
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Noristani HN, Saint-Martin GP, Cardoso M, Sidiboulenouar R, Catteau M, Coillot C, Goze-Bac C, Perrin FE. Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Analysis and Histological Characterization after Spinal Cord Injury in Two Mouse Strains with Different Functional Recovery: Gliosis as a Key Factor. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2924-2940. [PMID: 29877129 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are disastrous neuropathologies causing permanent disabilities. The availability of different strains of mice is valuable for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in SCI. However, strain differences have a profound effect on spontaneous functional recovery after SCI. CX3CR1+/eGFP and Aldh1l1-EGFP mice that express green fluorescent protein in microglia/monocytes and astrocytes, respectively, are particularly useful to study glial reactivity. Whereas CX3CR1+/eGFP mice have C57BL/6 background, Aldh1l1-EGFP are in Swiss Webster background. We first assessed spontaneous functional recovery in CX3CR1+/eGFP and Aldh1l1-EGFP mice over 6 weeks after lateral spinal cord hemisection. Second, we carried out a longitudinal follow-up of lesion evolution using in vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, we performed in-depth analysis of the spinal cord tissue using ex vivo T2-weighted MRI as well as detailed histology. We demonstrate that CX3CR1+/eGFP mice have improved functional recovery and reduced anxiety after SCI compared with Aldh1l1-EGFP mice. We also found a strong correlation between in vivo MRI, ex vivo MRI, and histological analyses of the injured spinal cord in both strain of mice. All three modalities revealed no difference in lesion extension and volume between the two strains of mice. Importantly, histopathological analysis identified decreased gliosis and increased serotonergic axons in CX3CR1+/eGFP compared with Aldh1l1-EGFP mice following SCI. These results thus suggest that the strain-dependent improved functional recovery after SCI may be linked with reduced gliosis and increased serotonergic innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun N Noristani
- 1 INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,2 INSERM U1051, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume P Saint-Martin
- 1 INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,3 UMR 5221 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maïda Cardoso
- 2 INSERM U1051, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,3 UMR 5221 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Florence E Perrin
- 1 INSERM U1198, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,2 INSERM U1051, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,3 UMR 5221 CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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