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Lewis MJ, Thomovsky SA, Moore GE. Adaptation of land treadmill scoring system for underwater treadmill in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Vet J 2023; 300-302:106039. [PMID: 37865155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The underwater treadmill (UWTM) is utilized in dogs recovering from thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL-IVDE). Gait scoring is validated for dogs with TL-IVDE walking on the land treadmill (LT) but has not been reported for the UWTM. Our objective was to investigate if LT gait analysis could be applied to the UWTM and if non-ambulatory dogs walking unassisted on the UWTM, at a standardized water level, would be more likely to generate gait scores compared to on the LT. This was a prospective, observational study in dogs with TL-IVDE managed surigcally. At 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-operatively, paired video footage of dogs walking on the LT and UWTM (water level at the greater trochanter) was used to generate 0-100 stepping (SS) and coordination (regularity index, RI) scores. Scores were compared between treadmill type and over time. Twenty dogs were enrolled and seventy-eight paired recordings were available for review. Median gait scores increased over time but did not differ by treadmill type (P = 0.262 for SS, P = 0.533 for RI). Combining SS and RI, more recordings received scores of 0 for the LT (n = 58/156; 37.2 %) compared to the UWTM (n = 44/156; 28.2 %; P = 0.043). Scores of 0, at visits when there was at least movement present at multiple joints, was more common on the LT (n = 11/108; 10.2 %) compared to the UWTM (n = 2/108, 1.9 %; P = 0.026). In dogs recovering from TL-IVDE, LT-based gait scoring was feasible in dogs walking on the UWTM and might complement other gait analysis methods, especially for non-ambulatory dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - S A Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - G E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Sherif T, Twele F, Meller S, Müller-Anders A, Volk HA. Quantification of spinal ataxia in dogs with thoracolumbar spinal cord injury. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1183755. [PMID: 37614460 PMCID: PMC10442642 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1183755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical sign of ataxia is related to several neurological diseases and is seen in conjunction with paresis in dogs with spinal cord injury (SCI). Endeavours to objectify canine spinal ataxia in SCI remain limited. The aim of this clinical study was to determine and quantify differences between gait characteristics of ataxic dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy and healthy control dogs using a computer-and treadmill-based gait analysis system. Five dogs with spinal ataxia and six healthy dogs underwent video-and computer-assisted gait analysis while walking on a four-ground reaction force plate treadmill system (maximum speed of 0.7 m/s). Spatio-temporal and kinetic gait characteristics regarding the dogs' locomotion were analysed with a focus on the individual coefficient of variation (CV), as a potential measure for quantification of the level of ataxia. Ataxic dogs with thoracolumbar SCI showed no effect on symmetry indices but higher variability in spatio-temporal and kinetic gait parameters mainly in the pelvic, but also in the thoracic limbs. Double support phase of the individual limb was prolonged in SCI dogs at the cost of the single support and swing phase. Reduced peaks of ground reaction forces (GRF) could potentially be explained by reduction of muscle strength, as a strategy of avoiding falling by taking enthusiastic steps, or by alteration of the rhythmogenic spinal circuits between the pelvic and thoracic limb pattern generators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Holger A. Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Tabbì M, Barillaro G, Interlandi CD, Di Pietro S, Fugazzotto D, Costa GL, Iannelli NM, Macrì D, Ferrantelli V, Macrì F. Treatment of Canine Disc-Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy with a Cervical Distraction-Stabilization Technique (C-LOX Combined with LCP Plate) and Clinical Outcomes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2549. [PMID: 37627343 PMCID: PMC10451975 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine disc-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA-CSM) is a form of caudal CSM, characterized by the compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots due to an intervertebral disc protrusion. It is more frequent in large canine breeds. A variety of surgical techniques has been proposed for DA-CSM. The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcomes of a cervical distraction-stabilization technique using an intervertebral anchored fusion device (C-LOX) combined with a locking compression plate (LCP plate) for the treatment of DA-CSM in dogs, based on clinical and radiographical follow-up data. Thirteen dogs affected by DA-CSM were included in the study. After the surgical procedure, an improvement in neurological status was documented in 9/13 cases. This cervical distraction-stabilization technique seems to be a valuable surgical alternative to treat this canine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tabbì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- CVSG (Clinica Veterinaria San Giorgio), Via Vecchia Pentimele, 63, 89121 Reggio Calabria, RC, Italy;
| | - Claudia Dina Interlandi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Simona Di Pietro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Domenico Fugazzotto
- Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco Trevisovet s.r.l., Strada Feltrina 29, 31038 Castagnole, TV, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lucrezia Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Nicola Maria Iannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Daniele Macrì
- Institute Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (D.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Institute Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily, Via G. Marinuzzi, 3, 90129 Palermo, PA, Italy; (D.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, ME, Italy; (M.T.); (S.D.P.); (G.L.C.); (N.M.I.); (F.M.)
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Rosen S, Grzegorzewski JL, Heath S, Schocke C, Jeffery N. A 50‐step walking test for analysis of recovery after decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar disc herniation in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1733-1741. [PMID: 36161381 PMCID: PMC9511074 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite its importance, there is no agreed definition of recovery of ambulation in dogs with spinal cord injury. Objectives To validate a new walking test in dogs recovering from thoracolumbar spinal cord injury. Animals Two hundred twenty‐four dogs weighing <20 kg: 120 normally ambulatory dogs, plus 104 dogs undergoing decompressive surgery for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Methods Prospective cohort studies. The distance each freely‐ambulatory dog walked during 50 step cycles was regressed on ulna length. For each postsurgical dog, we recorded when the calculated 50‐step distance was completed without falling, or their inability to complete this distance by 4 months or more after surgery. Bayesian analysis compared outcomes for presurgical neurologic categories; association of recovery with several preoperative variables was explored using logistic and time‐to‐event regression. Results For control dogs, 50‐step distance (m) = 1.384 × ulnar length (cm) + 2.773. In postsurgical dogs, the 50‐step test provided decisive evidence that deep pain‐negative dogs were less likely to recover ambulation than dogs with intact pain perception (12/29 recovered vs 71/75; Bayes factor [BF] = 5.9 × 106) and, if they did recover, it took much longer (median 91 days vs median 14 days; BF = 1.5 × 103). Exploratory analysis suggested that presurgical neurologic status (subhazard ratio [SHR] = 0.022; P < .001) and duration of presurgical anesthesia (SHR = 0.740; P = .04) were associated with rapidity of recovery. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This straightforward 50‐step walking test provides robust data on ambulatory recovery well‐suited to large scale pragmatic trials on treatment of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Rosen
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | | | - Stephanie Heath
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Cynthia Schocke
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Nicholas Jeffery
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
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Amaral Marrero NP, Thomovsky SA, Linder JE, Bowditch J, Lind M, Kazmierczak KA, Moore GE, Lewis MJ. Static Body Weight Distribution and Girth Measurements Over Time in Dogs After Acute Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877402. [PMID: 35445095 PMCID: PMC9013748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (TL-IVDE) can exhibit variable neurologic deficits after decompressive surgery. The objectives of this study were to quantify changes in static weight distribution (SWD) and limb and body circumference over time in dogs recovering from surgery for TL-IVDE. Dogs with acute TL-IVDE were prospectively evaluated at baseline (48–72 h post-operatively), 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-operatively. Commercially-available digital scales were used to measure weight distributed to the pelvic limbs (PL%) and asymmetry between left and right pelvic limbs (LRA), each expressed as a percentage of total body weight. Trunk and thigh circumference measurements were performed using a spring-loaded tape measurement device. Measurements were performed in triplicate, compared to neurologically normal small breed control dogs and analyzed for changes over time. P <0.05 was significant. Twenty-one dogs were enrolled; 18 regained ambulation and 3 did not by study completion. PL% increased from 27.6% at baseline to 30.7% at 12 weeks but remained lower than in control dogs (37%) at all time points (p < 0.0001), even excluding dogs still non-ambulatory at 12 weeks (p < 0.025). LRA was similar to the control dogs, and did not have an association with surgical side. Caudal trunk girth decreased over time to 95% of baseline (p = 0.0002), but this was no longer significant after accounting for reductions in body weight (p = 0.30). Forward shifting of body weight persisted in dogs with TL-IVDE 12 weeks after surgery even among ambulatory dogs. SWD and circumference measurements could provide additional objective measures to monitor recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia P. Amaral Marrero
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Thomovsky
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jessica E. Linder
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jessica Bowditch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Mallory Lind
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kristine A. Kazmierczak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - George E. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Melissa J. Lewis
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Melissa J. Lewis
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Linder JE, Thomovsky S, Bowditch J, Lind M, Kazmierczak KA, Breur GJ, Lewis MJ. Development of a simple method to measure static body weight distribution in neurologically and orthopedically normal mature small breed dogs. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:110. [PMID: 33676494 PMCID: PMC7937222 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02808-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective outcome measures capable of tracking different aspects of functional recovery in dogs with acute intervertebral disc herniation are needed to optimize physical rehabilitation protocols. Normal, pre-injury distribution of body weight in this population is unknown. The aims of this study were to quantify static weight distribution (SWD) using digital scales and to establish the feasibility of different scale methods in neurologically normal, mature, chondrodystrophic small breed dogs predisposed to intervertebral disc herniation. Results Twenty-five healthy, mature dogs were enrolled with a mean age of 4.6 years (SD 2.7) and a mean total body weight of 11.5 kg (SD 3.6). SWD for the thoracic and pelvic limbs and between individual limbs was acquired in triplicate and expressed as a percentage of total body weight using commercially available digital scales in four combinations: two bathroom, two kitchen (with thoracic and pelvic limbs combined), four bathroom and four kitchen (with limbs measured individually). SWD was also obtained using a pressure sensing walkway for comparison to scale data. Feasibility for each method was determined and coefficients of variation were used to calculate inter-trial variability. Mean SWD values were compared between methods using an ANOVA. The two bathroom scales method had the highest feasibility and lowest inter-trial variability and resulted in mean thoracic and pelvic limb SWD of 63 % (SD 3 %) and 37 % (SD 3 %), respectively. Thoracic limb mean SWD was higher for the PSW compared to any of the scale methods (p < 0.0001). Conclusions SWD in a population of healthy chondrodystrophic dogs was simple to obtain using inexpensive and readily available digital scales. This study generated SWD data for subsequent comparison to dogs recovering from acute intervertebral disc herniation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Linder
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, FL, 32608, Gainesville, USA
| | - Stephanie Thomovsky
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Jessica Bowditch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Mallory Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Kristine A Kazmierczak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Gert J Breur
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Melissa J Lewis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA.
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Vikartovska Z, Kuricova M, Farbakova J, Liptak T, Mudronova D, Humenik F, Madari A, Maloveska M, Sykova E, Cizkova D. Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Treatment for Canine Spinal Cord Injury: Pilot Feasibility Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145129. [PMID: 32698543 PMCID: PMC7404210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) involves nerve damage and often leads to motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. In the present study, we have designed a clinical protocol to assess the feasibility of systemic delivery of allogenic canine bone marrow tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (BMMSC CM) to dogs with SCI. Four client-owned dogs with chronic SCI lasting more than six months underwent neurological and clinical evaluation, MRI imaging and blood tests before being enrolled in this study. All dogs received four intravenous infusions with canine allogenic BMMSC CM within one month. Between the infusions the dogs received comprehensive physiotherapy, which continued for three additional months. No adverse effects or complications were observed during the one, three and six months follow-up periods. Neither blood chemistry panel nor hematology profile showed any significant changes. All dogs were clinically improved as assessed using Olby locomotor scales after one, three and six months of BMMSC CM treatment. Furthermore, goniometric measurements revealed partial improvement in the range of joint motion. Bladder function improved in two disabled dogs. We conclude that multiple delivery of allogenic cell-derived conditioned medium to dogs with chronic SCI is feasible, and it might be clinically beneficial in combination with physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Vikartovska
- Center of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (F.H.); (M.M.)
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.F.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Kuricova
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.F.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Jana Farbakova
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.F.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Tomas Liptak
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.F.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Dagmar Mudronova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Filip Humenik
- Center of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (F.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Aladar Madari
- University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.K.); (J.F.); (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Marcela Maloveska
- Center of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (F.H.); (M.M.)
| | - Eva Sykova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- Center of Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, 04181 Kosice, Slovakia; (Z.V.); (F.H.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence:
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