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Kang Y, Yao J, Gao X, Zhong H, Song Y, Di X, Feng Z, Xie L, Zhang J. Exercise ameliorates anxious behavior and promotes neuroprotection through osteocalcin in VCD-induced menopausal mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3980-3994. [PMID: 37402694 PMCID: PMC10651954 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS As the ovaries age and women transition to menopause and postmenopause, reduced estradiol levels are associated with anxiety and depression. Exercise contributes to alleviate anxiety and depression and the bone-derived hormone osteocalcin has been reported to be necessary to prevent anxiety-like behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise on anxiety behaviors in climacteric mice and whether it was related to osteocalcin. METHODS Menopausal mouse model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests were used to detect anxious behavior in mice. The content of serum osteocalcin was measured and its correlation with anxiety behavior was analyzed. BRDU and NEUN co-localization cells were detected with immunofluorescence. Western blot was applied to obtain apoptosis-related proteins. RESULTS The VCD mice showed obvious anxiety-like behaviors and 10 weeks of treadmill exercise significantly ameliorated the anxiety and increased circulating osteocalcin in VCD mice. Exercise increased the number of BRDU and NEUN co-localization cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus, reduced the number of impaired hippocampal neurons, inhibited the expression of BAX, cleaved Caspase3, and cleaved PARP, promoted the expression of BCL-2. Importantly, circulating osteocalcin levels were positively associated with the improvements of anxiety, the number of BRDU and NEUN co-localization cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus and negatively related to impaired hippocampal neurons. CONCLUSION Exercise ameliorates anxiety behavior, promotes hippocampal dentate gyrus neurogenesis, and inhibits hippocampal cell apoptosis in VCD-induced menopausal mice. They are related to circulating osteocalcin, which are increased by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- School of NursingShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyangChina
| | - Xiaohang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hao Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yifei Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaohui Di
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zeguo Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jianbao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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White BA, Ivey JT, Velazquez-Cruz R, Oliverio R, Whitehead B, Pinti M, Hollander J, Ma L, Hu G, Weil ZM, Karelina K. Exercise intensity and sex alter neurometabolic, transcriptional, and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114483. [PMID: 37479019 PMCID: PMC10529465 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise represents a potentially inexpensive, accessible, and optimizable rehabilitation approach to traumatic brain injury (TBI) recovery. However, little is known about the impact of post-injury exercise on the neurometabolic, transcriptional, and cognitive outcomes following a TBI. In the current study, we examined TBI outcomes in adolescent male and female mice following a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Mice underwent a 10-day regimen of sedentary, low-, moderate-, or high-intensity treadmill exercise and were assessed for cognitive function, histopathology, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Among male mice, low-moderate exercise improved cognitive recovery, and reduced cortical lesion volume and oxidative stress, whereas high-intensity exercise impaired both cognitive recovery and mitochondrial function. On the other hand, among female mice, exercise had an intermediate effect on cognitive recovery but significantly improved brain mitochondrial function. Moreover, single nuclei RNA sequencing of perilesional brain tissue revealed neuronal plasticity-related differential gene expression that was largely limited to the low-intensity exercise injured males. Taken together, these data build on previous reports of the neuroprotective capacity of exercise in a TBI model, and reveal that this rehabilitation strategy impacts neurometabolic, functional, and transcriptional outcome measures in an intensity- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brishti A White
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Julia T Ivey
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mark Pinti
- Department of Human Performance and Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - John Hollander
- Department of Human Performance and Mitochondria, Metabolism, & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Gangquin Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, WVU Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, BMRC, 1 Medical Center Dr., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Huang YQ, Wu Z, Lin S, Chen XR. The benefits of rehabilitation exercise in improving chronic traumatic encephalopathy: recent advances and future perspectives. Mol Med 2023; 29:131. [PMID: 37740180 PMCID: PMC10517475 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is used to describe the clinical manifestations of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, effective treatment and prevention strategies are lacking. Increasing evidence has shown that rehabilitation training could prevent cognitive decline, enhance brain plasticity, and effectively improve neurological function in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the mechanisms involved in the effects of rehabilitation exercise therapy on the prognosis of CTE are worth exploring. The aim of this article is to review the pathogenesis of CTE and provide a potential clinical intervention strategy for CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Qiong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Department of Neuronal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Department of Neuronal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Chen J, Zhu T, Yu D, Yan B, Zhang Y, Jin J, Yang Z, Zhang B, Hao X, Chen Z, Yan C, Yu J. Moderate Intensity of Treadmill Exercise Rescues TBI-Induced Ferroptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Impairments via Suppressing STING Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4872-4896. [PMID: 37193866 PMCID: PMC10415513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal leading cause of long-term neurological disability and causes a huge burden to an ever-growing population. Moderate intensity of treadmill exercise has been recognized as an efficient intervention to combat TBI-induced motor and cognitive disorders, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is known to be highly implicated in TBI pathophysiology, and the anti-ferroptosis effects of treadmill exercise have been reported in other neurological diseases except for TBI. In addition to cytokine induction, recent evidence has demonstrated the involvement of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in ferroptosis. Therefore, we examined the possibility that treadmill exercise might inhibit TBI-induced ferroptosis via STING pathway. In this study, we first found that a series of ferroptosis-related characteristics, including abnormal iron homeostasis, decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), and increased lipid peroxidation, were detected at 44 days post TBI, substantiating the involvement of ferroptosis at the chronic stage following TBI. Furthermore, treadmill exercise potently decreased the aforementioned ferroptosis-related changes, suggesting the anti-ferroptosis role of treadmill exercise following TBI. In addition to alleviating neurodegeneration, treadmill exercise effectively reduced anxiety, enhanced spatial memory recovery, and improved social novelty post TBI. Interestingly, STING knockdown also obtained the similar anti-ferroptosis effects after TBI. More importantly, overexpression of STING largely reversed the ferroptosis inactivation caused by treadmill exercise following TBI. To conclude, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise rescues TBI-induced ferroptosis and cognitive deficits at least in part via STING pathway, broadening our understanding of neuroprotective effects induced by treadmill exercise against TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongyu Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jungong Jin
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Hao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhennan Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine (Xi'an Jiaotong University), National Health Commission of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
- Academy of Bio-Evidence Science, The Science and Technology Innovation Port in Western China, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi-Xian New Area, 710115, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Clinical Experimental Center, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, 710100, Shaanxi, China.
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Weil ZM, Ivey JT, Karelina K. Putting the Mind to Rest: A Historical Foundation for Rest as a Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1286-1296. [PMID: 36310426 PMCID: PMC10294563 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rest after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been a part of clinical practice for more than a century but the use of rest as a treatment has ancient roots. In contemporary practice, rest recommendations have been significantly reduced but are still present. This advice to brain injured patients, on the face of it makes some logical sense but was not historically anchored in either theory or empirical data. The definition and parameters of rest have evolved over time but have encompassed recommendations including avoiding physical exercise, sensory stimulation, social contact, and even cognitive exertion. The goals and theoretical explanations for this approach have evolved and in modern conception include avoiding reinjury and reducing the metabolic demands on injured tissue. Moreover, as cellular and molecular understanding of the physiology of TBI developed, scientists and clinicians sometimes retroactively cited these new data in support of rest recommendations. Here, we trace the history of this approach and how it has been shaped by new understanding of the underlying pathology associated with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Julia T. Ivey
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Moderate-Intensity Treadmill Exercise Promotes mTOR-Dependent Motor Cortical Neurotrophic Factor Expression and Functional Recovery in a Murine Model of Crush Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:960-978. [PMID: 36385234 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treadmill exercise is widely considered an effective strategy for restoration of skilled motor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the specific exercise intensity that optimizes recovery and the underlying mechanistic basis of this recovery remain unclear. To that end, we sought to investigate the effect of different treadmill exercise intensities on cortical mTOR activity, a key regulator of functional recovery following CNS trauma, in an animal model of C5 crush spinal cord injury (SCI). Following injury, animals were subjected to treadmill exercise for 4 consecutive weeks at three different intensities (low intensity [LEI]; moderate intensity [MEI]; and high intensity [HEI]). Motor function recovery was assessed by horizontal ladder test, cylinder rearing test, and electrophysiology, while neurotrophic factors and cortical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related proteins were assessed by Western blotting. The activation of the cortical mTOR pathway and axonal sprouting was evaluated by immunofluorescence and the changes of plasticity in motor cortex neurons were assessed by Golgi staining. In keeping with previous studies, we found that 4 weeks of treadmill training resulted in improved skilled motor function, enhanced nerve conduction capability, increased neuroplasticity, and axonal sprouting. Importantly, we also demonstrated that when compared with the LEI group, MEI and HEI groups demonstrated elevated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), phosphorylated ribosomal S6 protein (p-S6), and protein kinase B (p-Akt), consistent with an intensity-dependent activation of the mTOR pathway and neurotrophic factor expression in the motor cortex. We also observed impaired exercise endurance and higher mortality during training in the HEI group than in the LEI and MEI groups. Collectively, our findings suggest that treadmill exercise following SCI is an effective means of promoting recovery and highlight the importance of the cortical mTOR pathway and neurotrophic factors as mediators of this effect. Importantly, our findings also demonstrate that excessive exercise can be detrimental, suggesting that moderation may be the optimal strategy. These findings provide an important foundation for further investigation of treadmill training as a modality for recovery following spinal cord injury and of the underlying mechanisms.
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The Effect of Traumatic Brain Injury on Sleep Architecture and Circadian Rhythms in Mice—A Comparison of High-Frequency Head Impact and Controlled Cortical Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071031. [PMID: 36101412 PMCID: PMC9312487 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for the development of sleep and circadian rhythm impairments. In order to understand if TBI models with different injury mechanism, severity and pathology have different sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions, we performed a detailed sleep and circadian analysis of the high-frequency head impact TBI model (a mouse model that mimics sports-related head impacts) and the controlled cortical impact TBI model (a mouse model that mimics severe brain trauma). We found that both TBI models disrupt the ability of brain cells to maintain circadian rhythms; however, both injury groups could still maintain circadian behavior patterns. Both the mild head impact model and the severe brain injury model had normal amount of sleep at 7 d after injury; however, the severe brain injury mice had disrupted brain wave patterns during sleep. We conclude that different types of TBI have different patterns of sleep disruptions. Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for the development of sleep and circadian rhythm impairments. In this study we compare the circadian rhythms and sleep patterns in the high-frequency head impact (HFHI) and controlled cortical impact (CCI) mouse models of TBI. These mouse models have different injury mechanisms key differences of pathology in brain regions controlling circadian rhythms and EEG wave generation. We found that both HFHI and CCI caused dysregulation in the diurnal expression of core circadian genes (Bmal1, Clock, Per1,2, Cry1,2) at 24 h post-TBI. CCI mice had reduced locomotor activity on running wheels in the first 7 d post-TBI; however, both CCI and HFHI mice were able to maintain circadian behavior cycles even in the absence of light cues. We used implantable EEG to measure sleep cycles and brain activity and found that there were no differences in the time spent awake, in NREM or REM sleep in either TBI model. However, in the sleep states, CCI mice have reduced delta power in NREM sleep and reduced theta power in REM sleep at 7 d post-TBI. Our data reveal that different types of brain trauma can result in distinct patterns of circadian and sleep disruptions and can be used to better understand the etiology of sleep disorders after TBI.
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Oliverio R, Fitzgerald J, Velazquez-Cruz R, Whitehead B, Karelina K, Weil ZM. Ovarian Steroids Mediate Sex Differences in Alcohol Reward After Brain Injury in Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:907552. [PMID: 35801094 PMCID: PMC9253769 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.907552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoxication is a leading risk factor for injury, and TBI increases the risk for later alcohol misuse, especially when the injury is sustained in childhood. Previously, we modeled this pattern in mice, wherein females injured at postnatal day 21 drank significantly more than uninjured females, while we did not see this effect in males. However, the biological underpinnings of this sex difference have remained elusive. In this study, we utilize this preclinical model and traditional endocrine manipulations to assess the effect of perinatal sex steroids on post-injury ethanol response. We found that perinatal androgen administration and adult ovariectomy prevented the development of conditioned place preference to ethanol in females, while there was not an effect of gonadectomy either developmental time point on the severity of axonal degeneration. Finally, although TBI increased the number of microglia in males, there was no corresponding effect of gonadectomy, which suggests that males exhibit prolonged neuroinflammation after brain injury irrespective of circulating sex steroids. Taken together, our results indicate a potential role for ovarian sex steroids in the development of greater alcohol preference after a juvenile TBI in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Oliverio
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- *Correspondence: Robin Oliverio,
| | - Julie Fitzgerald
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth Velazquez-Cruz
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Bailey Whitehead
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Kate Karelina
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Zachary M. Weil
- Department of Neuroscience and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Walter J, Kovalenko O, Younsi A, Grutza M, Unterberg AW, Zweckberger K. Interleukin-4 reduces lesion volume and improves neurological function in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1262-1272. [PMID: 35505616 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2021.0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) on secondary brain damage in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we evaluated the effect of IL-4-Knockout on structural damage as well as functional impairment in the acute phase after experimental TBI in mice. 28 C57Bl/6 wildtype and 20 C57BL/6-Il4tm1Nnt/J Interleukin-4-Knockout (IL-4-KO) mice were subjected to Controlled Cortical Impact (CCI). Contusion volumes, body weight and functional outcome (Video Open Field Test (VOF), Hole Board Test (HB), CatWalkXT®) were determined on postoperative days one (D1), three (D3) and seven (D7). Contusion volume (13.45 +/- 0.88 mm³ vs. 9.50 +/- 0.97 mm³, p=0.015) and weight loss (-2.92 +/- 0.52% vs. -0.85 +/- 0.67%, p=0.027) were significantly higher and exploration behavior significantly more impaired (e.g., 150.44 +/- 18.71 fields explored vs. 211.56 +/- 18.90 fields explored, p=0.028 in the VOF; 23.31 +/- 2.03 holes explored vs. 35.65 +/- 1.93 holes explored, p<0.001 in the HB) in IL-4-KO mice on D1. Gait impairment was significantly more pronounced in IL-4-KO mice throughout the first week after CCI (e.g., 0.07 +/- 0.01s vs. 0.00 +/- 0.01s, p=0.047 for right hindpaw Swing on D1; -1.76 +/- 1.34 U vs. 2.53 +/- 0.90 U, p=0.01 for right forepaw Mean Intensity on D3; -0.01 +/- 0.01cm² vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01cm², p=0.015 for left forepaw Mean Area on D7). In conclusion, IL-4 reduces structural damage and improves functional outcome in the acute phase after CCI. Neurobehavioral outcome assessment in IL-4-related studies should focus on motor function on the first three days after trauma induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Walter
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Olga Kovalenko
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Alexander Younsi
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Martin Grutza
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
| | | | - Klaus Zweckberger
- University of Heidelberg, Department of Neurosurgery, Heidelberg, Germany;
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Rodrigues SLDS, Silva JMD, Oliveira MCCD, Santana CMFD, Carvalho KM, Barbosa BJAP. Physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy for reducing behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2021; 79:1129-1137. [PMID: 34877985 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly people with dementia may exhibit behavioral and psychological symptoms throughout the course of disease. Non-pharmacological therapies, such as regular physical activity, are considered strategies for managing these symptoms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether participation in physical exercise programs is effective in reducing behavioral and neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia. METHODS A literature review was carried out in MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases from 2010 to 2020. The eligible studies were randomized clinical trials involving elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia and assessing changes in neuropsychiatric and psychological symptoms as primary or secondary outcomes. The studies had a group with only physical exercise as an intervention compared to a control group. RESULTS Of 175 publications identified in the initial survey, only 7 studies met the eligibility criteria. Four out of 7 studies demonstrated positive effects in reducing behavioral symptoms, while the others did not report differences between gains according to the type of protocol. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to intense aerobic and muscle strengthening exercises may have a potential benefit in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia, but studies varied in their conclusions. This review indicates the need for further intervention studies to investigate, as a primary outcome, the absolute effect of physical exercise and its impact on behavioral and psychological symptoms in elderly people with MCI dementia, especially in the early stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Breno José Alencar Pires Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Neuropsiquiatria, Recife PE, Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Neurologia, Grupo de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Comportamento, São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Tucker LB, McCabe JT. Measuring Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodent Models of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:682935. [PMID: 34776887 PMCID: PMC8586518 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.682935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common complaint following acquired traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the measurement of dysfunctional anxiety behavioral states following experimental TBI in rodents is complex. Some studies report increased anxiety after TBI, whereas others find a decreased anxiety-like state, often described as increased risk-taking behavior or impulsivity. These inconsistencies may reflect a lack of standardization of experimental injury models or of behavioral testing techniques. Here, we review the most commonly employed unconditioned tests of anxiety and discuss them in a context of experimental TBI. Special attention is given to the effects of repeated testing, and consideration of potential sensory and motor confounds in injured rodents. The use of multiple tests and alternative data analysis methods are discussed, as well as the potential for the application of common data elements (CDEs) as a means of providing a format for documentation of experimental details and procedures of each published research report. CDEs may improve the rigor, reproducibility, as well as endpoint for better relating findings with clinical TBI phenotypes and the final goal of translation. While this may not resolve all incongruities in findings across laboratories, it is seen as a way forward for standardized and universal data collection for improvement of data quality and sharing, and advance therapies for neuropsychiatric symptoms that often present for decades following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Tucker
- Preclinical Behavior and Models Core, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph T McCabe
- Preclinical Behavior and Models Core, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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