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Wei P, Zhang C, Bian X, Lu W. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Heterologous Carnosic Acid Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916605. [PMID: 35721856 PMCID: PMC9201568 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosic acid (CA), a phenolic tricyclic diterpene, has many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiobesity, and antidiabetic activities. In this study, an efficient biosynthetic pathway was constructed to produce CA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the CA precursor miltiradiene was synthesized, after which the CA production strain was constructed by integrating the genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) and cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) SmCPR. The CA titer was further increased by the coexpression of CYP76AH1 and SmCPR ∼t28SpCytb5 fusion proteins and the overexpression of different catalases to detoxify the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Finally, engineering of the endoplasmic reticulum and cofactor supply increased the CA titer to 24.65 mg/L in shake flasks and 75.18 mg/L in 5 L fed-batch fermentation. This study demonstrates that the ability of engineered yeast cells to synthesize CA can be improved through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies, providing a theoretical basis for microbial synthesis of other diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueke Bian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyu Lu,
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Bi ZQ, Ren LJ, Hu XC, Sun XM, Zhu SY, Ji XJ, Huang H. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis of docosahexaenoic acid producer Schizochytrium sp. under different oxygen supply conditions. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:249. [PMID: 30245741 PMCID: PMC6142690 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizochytrium sp. is a promising strain for the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich oil and biodiesel, and has been widely used in the food additive and bioenergy industries. Oxygen is a particularly important environmental factor for cell growth and DHA synthesis. In general, higher oxygen supply favors lipid accumulation, but could lead to a reduction of the DHA percentage in total fatty acids in Schizochytrium sp. To tackle this problem, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating the response of Schizochytrium sp. to oxygen. In this study, we aimed to explore the acclimatization of this DHA producer to different oxygen supply conditions by examining the transcriptome changes. RESULTS Two different fermentation processes, namely normal oxygen supply condition (shift agitation speeds from 400 rpm to 300 rpm) and high oxygen supply condition (constant agitation speeds: 400 rpm), were designed to study how the fermentation characteristics of Schizochytrium sp. HX-308 were affected by different oxygen supply conditions. The results indicated that high oxygen supply condition resulted in 49% and 37.5% improvement in the maximum cell dry weight (CDW) and total lipid concentration, respectively. However, the DHA percentage in total fatty acids decreased to 35%, which was 31.4% lower than that produced by normal oxygen supply condition. Moreover, transcriptome analysis was performed to explore the effect of the oxygen supply condition on genetic expression and metabolism. The results showed that glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway metabolism-associated genes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) were substantially upregulated in response to high oxygen supply, resulting in more NADPH was available for Schizochytrium. Specially, high oxygen supply condition also led to genes (Δ6 desaturase, Δ12 desaturase, FAS, ORFA, ORFB, and ORFC) involved in fatty acid biosynthesis upregulation. In addition, a transcriptional upregulation of catalase (CAT) became apparent under high oxygen supply condition, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were found to be down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate the differences of gene expression at different levels of oxygen availability in the DHA producer Schizochytrium. The results of transcriptome analyses indicated that high oxygen supply condition resulting in more NADPH and acetyl-CoA production for cell growth and lipid synthesis in Schizochytrium. Δ12 desaturase and ORFC showed higher expression levels at high oxygen supply condition, which might be the key regulators for enhancing fatty acid biosynthesis in the future. These results enrich the current knowledge regarding genetic expression and provide important information to enhance DHA production in Schizochytrium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qian Bi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jing Ren
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Chao Hu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 5 Xinmofan Road, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
The genome revolution represents a complete change on our view of biological systems. The quantitative determination of changes in all major molecular components of the living cells, the "omics" approach, opened whole new fields for all health sciences. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and others, together with appropriate prediction and modeling tools, will mark the future of developmental toxicity assessment both for wildlife and humans. This is especially true for disciplines, like teratology, which rely on studies in model organisms, as studies at lower levels of organization are difficult to implement. Rodents and frogs have been the favorite models for studying human reproductive and developmental disorders for decades. Recently, the study of the development of zebrafish embryos (ZE) is becoming a major alternative tool to adult animal testing. ZE intrinsic characteristics makes this model a unique system to analyze in vivo developmental alterations that only can be studied applying in toto approaches. Moreover, under actual legislations, ZE is considered as a replacement model (and therefore, excluded from animal welfare regulations) during the first 5 days after fertilization. Here we review the most important components of the zebrafish toolbox available for analyzing early stages of embryotoxic events that could eventually lead to teratogenesis.
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Zhao F, Du Y, Bai P, Liu J, Lu W, Yuan Y. Enhancing Saccharomyces cerevisiae reactive oxygen species and ethanol stress tolerance for high-level production of protopanoxadiol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:308-316. [PMID: 28040652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Protopanaxadiol (PPD) is an active compound in Panax ginseng. Recently, an optimized PPD synthesis pathway contained a ROS releasing step (a P450-type PPD synthase, PPDS) was introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here reported a synergistic effect of PPDS-CPR (CPR, cytochrome P450 reductase) uncoupling and ethanol stress on ROS releasing, which reduced cells viability. To build a robust strain, a cell wall integrity associated gene SSD1 was high-expressed to improve ethanol tolerance, and ROS level decreased for 24.7%. Then, regulating the expression of an oxidative stress regulation gene YBP1 decreased 75.2% of ROS releasing, and improved cells viability from 71.3±1.3% to 88.3±1.4% at 84h. Increased cells viability enables yeast to produce more PPD through feeding additional ethanol. In 5L fermenter, PPD production of W3a-ssPy reached to 4.25±0.18g/L (19.48±0.28mg/L/OD600), which is the highest yield reported so far. This work makes the industrial production of PPD possible by microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglong Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yanhui Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Peng Bai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300350, PR China
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Yang J, Ding MZ, Li BZ, Liu ZL, Wang X, Yuan YJ. Integrated Phospholipidomics and Transcriptomics Analysis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewith Enhanced Tolerance to a Mixture of Acetic Acid, Furfural, and Phenol. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:374-86. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Z. Lewis Liu
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Li X, Yuan YJ. Lipidomic Analysis of Apoptotic Hela Cells Induced by Paclitaxel. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:655-64. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education and Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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